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News OF Lexis Nexis # 2



              Copyright 1997 The Economist Intelligence Unit Ltd.  
                             All Rights Reserved   
                                 EIU ViewsWire 
 
                                December  4, 1997 
 
LENGTH: 104 words 
 
COUNTRY: Myanmar ( Burma)  
 
COUNTRY: Myanmar ( Burma)  
 
HEADLINE: Myanmar Politics: New image for ruling junta  
 
 BODY: 
    COUNTRY ALERT 
  
FROM BUSINESS ASIA 
  
The ruling junta of Myanmar has changed its name from the Orwellian  
"State Law and Order Restoration Council" (SLORC) to the "State Peace and  
Development Council". 

This PR move, however, does not mark any policy change by the country's  
leading generals. While the government permitted Aung San Suu Kyi to hold  
a small celebration of National Day, it continued to crack down on the  
National League for Democracy, detaining its general secretary Min Soe  
Lin. 
  
Dissidents continue to await concrete signs of reform. 
  
SOURCE: Business Asia 
  
 
LANGUAGE: ENGLISH 
 
LOAD-DATE: December 05, 1997 
 
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                    Copyright 1997 M2 Communications Ltd.   
                                  M2 PRESSWIRE 
 
                                December  4, 1997 
 
LENGTH: 203 words 
 
HEADLINE: THE WHITE HOUSE  
  Presidential Determination - Memorandum for the Secretary of State 
 
 BODY: 
    SUBJECT: Report to Congress regarding conditions in  Burma  and U.S.
policy 
toward  Burma  
 
    Pursuant to the requirements set forth under the heading "Policy Toward 
 Burma"  in section 570(d) of the FY 1997 Foreign Operations Appropriations
Act,
as contained in the Omnibus Consolidated Appropriations Act (Public Law 
104-208), a report is required every 6 months following enactment concerning: 
 
    1) progress toward democratization in  Burma;  
 
 

    2) progress on improving the quality of life of the Burmese people, 
including progress on market reforms, living standards, labor standards, use
of 
forced labor in the tourism industry, and environmental quality; and 
 
    3) progress made in developing a comprehensive, multilateral strategy to 
bring democracy to and improve human rights practices and the quality of life
in
 Burma,  including the development of a dialogue between the State Law and
Order
Restoration Council (SLORC) and democratic opposition groups in  Burma.  
 
    You are hereby authorized and directed to transmit the attached report 
fulfilling this requirement to the appropriate committees of the Congress and
to
arrange for publication of this memorandum in the Federal Register. 
 
    WILLIAM J. CLINTON 
 
LANGUAGE: English 
 
LOAD-DATE: December 5, 1997 
 
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                    Copyright 1997 Globe Newspaper Company   
                                The Boston Globe 
 
                   December  3, 1997, Wednesday, City Edition 
 
SECTION: METRO/REGION; Pg. B1 
 
LENGTH: 674 words 
 
HEADLINE:  Burma  infant's cries resonate; 
A world away, young lawyer uses US legal system to battle human-rights abuses 
 
BYLINE: By Theo Emery, Globe Correspondent 
 
DATELINE: WELLESLEY 
 
 BODY: 
   It is a long way from Wellesley to the jungle border of  Burma  and
Thailand,
but the thousands of miles shrink to nothing when Katharine Redford speaks of 
Baby Doe, a 2-month-old infant she said was kicked into a cooking fire by a 
Burmese soldier forcibly evicting villagers from their homes. 
 

    As her own child sleeps in a nearby bedroom, Redford quietly describes how
the Burmese army has been clearing a jungle route for a billion-dollar natural
gas pipeline across  Burma,  also known as Myanmar. The army forces villagers
to
work as porters and human mine-sweepers, and sows the carnage that includes
Baby
Doe's death. 
 
    When she arrived as a volunteer on the border, villagers asked her the 
question that now consumes her life: In a nation universally condemned for 
rights abuses, how can the law be wielded in the service of the Burmese
people? 
 
    "Everywhere we went, people were asking us legal questions and saying,
'What
can we do with the law,' " said Redford, 29, sitting in her parents' Wellesley
home. "That gave us the idea that there are no lawyers in  Burma,  and there's
a
use for them. You can use international law, which these people don't have 
access to." 
 
    That realization was the genesis of EarthRights International, a fledgling
legal team that includes Redford and her husband, Ka Hsaw Wa; a fellow
graduate 
of the University of Virginia law school; and a handful of lawyers in
Thailand. 
With funding from Boston's John Merck Fund and financier George Soros' Open 
Society Institute, the group incorporated in 1995 in Massachusetts. 
 

   Along with several other legal groups, ERI is representing Baby Doe and 13 
other plaintiffs in a suit filed a year ago against California-based Unocal 
Corp., a gas and oil firm that is part of the consortium building the Yadana
gas
pipeline in  Burma.  
 
    Only two years out of law school, the Wellesley native is making legal 
history on behalf of the anonymous Burmese villagers. In March, a US District 
Court - the California district where Unocal is located - ruled that a US 
company can be held liable for human-rights abuses committed by an overseas 
partner, in this case, agencies of  Burma's  government. 
 
    In agreeing with the plaintiffs that "human-rights abuses perpetuated by 
military forces are the legal responsibility of all the consortium partners," 
the ruling turned on its head the notion that only governments can be liable
for
human-rights violations. The judge cited a 1789 law known as the Alien Tort 
Statute, written to give Americans recourse against pirate attacks in 
international waters. The law has been dormant for more than 200 years, but
has 
been dusted off by human-rights advocates such as Redford seeking
accountability
for corporations in an increasingly global marketplace. 
 
    "She understands keenly the role that lawsuits can play in a bigger 
campaign," said Simon Billenness, senior analyst for Franklin Research and 

Development Corporation, a Boston investment firm that advocates for 
human-rights issues. Billenness was instrumental in getting the state in 1996
to
pass a selective purchasing law that discourages companies doing business with
the state from operating in  Burma.  
 
   He said Redford's work "and the work of ERI have greatly increased the 
pressure on oil companies to withdraw from  Burma. " 
 
    On Dec. 15, the judge will decide whether a preliminary injunction will be
leveled against Unocal, as well as whether the court will allow the plaintiffs
to be certified as a class. 
 
    Though Redford spends the majority of her time shuttling between Bangkok
and
the Burmese border, she is home to snatch precious moments with her parents
and 
speak in Boston about the organization's work. With a fund-raiser planned in 
Cambridge for tomorrow, the group hopes that its success will spark legal 
efforts in support of rights issues in other Southeast Asian nations. 
 
    "We never could have dreamed that we could come this far," said Redford.
"I 
can't think of anything better than working for freedom and democracy." 
 
 

GRAPHIC: PHOTO, GLOBE STAFF PHOTO/SUZANNE KREITER 
 
LANGUAGE: ENGLISH 
 
LOAD-DATE: December 3, 1997 
 
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                 Copyright 1997 The Press Association Limited   
                           Press Association Newsfile 
 
                          December  3, 1997, Wednesday 
 
SECTION: PARLIMENTARY NEWS 
 
LENGTH: 625 words 
 
HEADLINE: MINISTERS PRESSED TO THINK AGAIN ON  BURMA  RAILWAY MEMORIAL 
 
BYLINE:  Trevor Mason, Parliamentary Chief Reporter, PA News 
 
 BODY: 
    Ministers were urged tonight to think again over their refusal to fund a 
memorial to thousands of allied Prisoners of War who died building the  Burma 
railway in the Second World War.  Spearheading the call, Labour's Tony Wright 
(Great Yarmouth) cited the case of a constituent whose father had died while 
forced to work on the project for the Japanese in 1943 when she was just four.
Mrs Carol Cooper later discovered her father had kept an extensive diary of
his 
two years' captivity, which later formed the basis for a BBC documentary.  She
wrote to Mr Wright, after retracing her father's footsteps in Thailand with a 

BBC film crew, complaining about the British Government's "apparent lack of 
respect" for those who died constructing the Thai- Burma  railway.  In the 
letter, Mrs Cooper said she felt "quite ashamed by the apparent lack of
interest
by the British Government" in joining the Australian and Thai governments to 
build a permanent memorial at "Hellfire Pass".  The site was so named because 
one observer looking down at the skeletal figures hacking out a huge cutting 
from the mountainside by the light of bamboo fires said it must be like
working 
"in the jaws of hell".  Mr Wright said the Ministry of Defence should follow
the
example of Australia and Thailand in contributing to a suitable memorial to
the 
13,000 PoWs who died building the 250-mile-long railway with little mechanical
help.  His call came after defence ministers last month expressed sympathy for
the men who died and their families but said the cost of such memorials were 
usually met from private donations or public subscription and not from public 
funds. In his maiden Commons speech, Mr Wright said Hellfire Pass was the 
favoured site for the memorial because 700 PoWs had died there building just 
three miles of railway.  He read an extract from the diary and said it was 
impossible to imagine the conditions lived in by the servicemen and the 
suffering inflicted on them.  "A country can ask no more of one of its
citizens 
than they lay down their life in its defence.  "Surely they can expect that 
country to honour their sacrifice in a way that gives comfort to those loved 
ones they left behind.  "A memorial such as this would demonstrate the
gratitude
that this country holds for the men who fought to defend it." 

   Replying to the debate, junior defence minister John Spellar told Mr Wright
that war memorials were not usually funded by the Government.  "We have the 
greatest sympathy for those men and their families and acknowledge the need
for 
remembrance and commemoration, but it has been a long-standing policy of 
successive governments - of different political persuasions - that the cost of
memorials to the dead, both service and civilian, are traditionally erected 
following a public appeal for private donations.  "Public funding is not
usually
made available." An exception had been made for the erection of a memorial to 
those who died in the Falklands War, but more recently a memorial to service 
members who died in the Gulf War was funded by private subscription.  Mr
Spellar
said there was some debate amongst ex-servicemen's organisations on how best
to 
commemorate people who had been PoWs in the Far East, adding that a war
memorial
was not everybody's first choice.  The minister stressed the Government would 
continue to assist with the War Widows Granted Aid Scheme, administered by the
Royal British Legion, which provides financial assistance to any service widow
whose husband was buried overseas between 1914 and 1967 so that she can visit 
his grave.  The grant contributes seven-eighths of the cost of the pilgrimage.
Mr Spellar said the Government was providing L297,000 to fund the scheme until
March 1999. 
 
LANGUAGE: ENGLISH 
 
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                   Copyright 1997 The Seattle Times Company   
                               The Seattle Times 
 
                   December  03, 1997, Wednesday Final Edition 
 
SECTION: LOCAL NEWS; Pg. B3 
 
LENGTH: 549 words 
 
HEADLINE: DRAGO BACKS OFF CURB ON  BURMA  LINKS -- TRADE GROUPS ADVISE CITY TO
AVOID FOREIGN ISSUES 
 
BYLINE: SUSAN BYRNES; SEATTLE TIMES STAFF REPORTER 
 
 BODY: 
    Seattle City Council President Jan Drago has backed away from legislation 
she proposed to restrict city contracts with companies doing business in 
 Burma,  saying the implications are broader than she realized. Drago said she
introduced the ordinance in August to send a message to the military regime in
 Burma.  The legislation would have directed the city not to do business with 
companies that have direct investments there. 
 

   But in the weeks that followed, members of business and trade organizations
peppered Drago's office with letters and calls, warning her that the measure
was
not as simple as it appeared. 
 
   Yesterday, at a meeting of the Business, Economic and Community Development
Committee she chairs, Drago told supporters of the ordinance to look for
another
way to send a message. 
 
   "I was not aware of what I was getting into on a bigger level," Drago said 
after the meeting. "I deal with local politics, not national and international
politics." 
 
   Larry Dohrs, chairman of the Seattle  Burma  Roundtable, said he was
confused
by Drago's apparent flip-flop and vowed to keep lobbying for the ordinance
with 
other members of the council. 
 
   "Anybody who says it's complicated, the onus is on them to explain what the
complications are," Dohrs said. "Saying it's complicated is not speaking from
a 
position of knowledge, it's speaking from a position of fear." 
 
   President Clinton already has banned new investment in  Burma,  and dozens
of
U.S. and foreign companies have pulled out of the country. More than a dozen 

U.S. cities, including New York and San Francisco, have enacted their own 
sanctions to emphasize disapproval of the Burmese military regime that ignored
democratic elections in 1990 and has been implicated in human-rights
violations 
and drug trafficking. 
 
   Supporters say Seattle can make a difference to those suffering in  Burma  
with little cost. No companies would be directly affected by a Seattle 
ordinance, they say. 
 
   But the issue has sparked fierce debate about the role of city government
in 
foreign-policy matters. 
 
   Supporters point to the patchwork of city, state, national and
international 
sanctions that helped force an end to apartheid in South Africa in the 1980s. 
 
   But opponents say South Africa was an exception. They argue city
involvement 
in foreign-trade issues fragments and confuses U.S. policy and puts the city
in 
the awkward role of having to take a position on other foreign countries with 
undesirable regimes. 
 
   "A local city sanction like this can set a precedent," said Barbara
Hazzard, 
program director for the Washington Council on International Trade, a 

nonprofit organization that represents such companies as Boeing, Microsoft and
Weyerhaeuser. "There are a lot of regimes in the world. Once you start, you
can 
paint yourself into a corner." 
 
   The trade council, as well as representatives from Boeing and a coalition
of 
U.S. and Asian businesses, contacted Drago with similar issues. 
 
   Two immigrants from  Burma  also spoke to council members Drago, Margaret 
Pageler and Peter Steinbrueck at the meeting, urging them to support the 
ordinance. 
 
   Opponents of the ordinance will speak to the same committee on Dec. 12.
After
that, Drago says, she hopes both sides will be willing to sit down and discuss
another solution. 
 
GRAPHIC: PHOTO; JAN DRAGO 
 
LANGUAGE: ENGLISH 
 
LOAD-DATE: December 4, 1997 
 
 
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                 Copyright 1997 South China Morning Post Ltd.   
                            South China Morning Post 
 
                                December  3, 1997 
 
SECTION: News; Pg. 15 
 
LENGTH: 383 words 
 
HEADLINE: Modified rapture at prison term cuts 
 
BYLINE: WILLIAM BARNES in Bangkok 
 
 BODY: 
    The slashing of jail sentences of civilian prisoners by the remodelled 
military regime could benefit hundreds of political detainees. 
 
    Junta chairman General Than Shwe said yesterday those serving 10 to 20
years
would be kept in for 10 years. Death sentences would be commuted to a prison 
term and 20-year terms cut to 15. 
 
 

    Most of opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi's top advisers and senior party
members are in Rangoon's notorious Insein jail. 
 
    Her National League for Democracy (NLD) welcomed the reductions but urged 
the regime to release party members from jail. 
 
    Party vice-chairman Tin Oo hoped the regime would grant a general amnesty 
next month on the 50th anniversary of  Burma's  independence from Britain. 
 
    "It is most welcome that people will be released, but I hope the
Government 
will be more generous on the anniversary," he said. 
 
     Burma  is thought to have about 2,000 political prisoners. 
 
    Observers were cautious about seeing any softening in the move. The regime
has, in the past, simply topped up prison sentences, by discovering new
crimes, 
when it wants to keep opponents locked up. The junta's core leaders threw out 
their most corrupt colleagues and renamed themselves the State Peace and 
Development Council last month in an effort to improve their image and 
efficiency. 
 

    One diplomat in Rangoon said: "We should welcome this, but since the 
political prisoners shouldn't be there at all our joy is limited." 
 
     Burma  watchers have also seen more than 80 prisoners moved out of Insein
in recent weeks, which may send a more ominous signal. 
 
    Faith Docherty, of the Southeast Asian Information Network, said: "Based
on 
past behaviour, when they start clearing prisons it is because they expect
more 
arrivals. This happened in 1988, a year of sharply repressed demonstrations." 
 
    The NLD's senior trio, Ms Aung San Suu Kyi, Mr Tin Oo and Kyi Maung, have 
remained free, if often harassed and isolated, but nearly all its other 
important personalities - including elder statesman Win Tin - have been
jailed. 
 
    The diplomat said: "There is no sign the regime has any intention of
letting
these rejoin Aung San Suu Kyi. That would be real progress." 
 
    Eight jailed NLD members have been denied the right to hire lawyers, the 
party said yesterday. 
 
LANGUAGE: ENGLISH