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<fontfamily><param>Wwin_Burmese</param><bigger><bigger><bigger>trsKd;om;'Drk=
dua&pDtzGJhcsKyf
trSwf (97=A7c) taemufa&GS*kHwkdifvrf;
A[ef;jrdK@e,f/ &efukefjrKdh
a}unmcsuftrSwf- 50 (9=A798)
(rSwfcsuf// // a=3DunmcsuftrSwf 42 (8=A798) ESifhyl;wGJzwf&SKyg&ef )//
1// trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfonf 1998 ckESpf/ =3Do*kwfv (2 1)&uf=20
ae@pGJjzifh=20
a=3DunmcsuftrSwf 35 (8=A798) udkxkwfjyefcJhygonf// xdka=3DunmcsufwGif-
J J 10// jynfol@v$wfawmfac:,lzGJ@pnf;ay;&efysufuGufjcif;onf=20
jynfolvlxk.
qENudk rsufuG,fjyK&modk@a&mufonfomru / tm%mydkifwdk@taejzifh=20
edKifiHawmfESifh edKifiHom;rsm;tm;/ ay;xm;aomuwdu0wfrsm;udk=20
y,fzsufvdkufjcif;jzpfonf//
11// odk@ygI trsKd;om;;Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS=20
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;/ wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;.=20
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;/ tjcm;eKdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rS=20
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh=20
wpfoD;yk*~vjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;
tm;vHk;wGif jynfol@vGwfawmfzGJ@pnf;a&;ESifhpyfvsOf;I/=20
rJqEN&Sifrsm;ESifhjynfolvlxk.
qENt& wm0efusa&mufvmjyDjzpfygonf//
12// xdk@a=3Dumifh trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfonf=20
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifaom=20
jynfol@v$wfawmfwpf&yfudk r=3DumrD&uftwGif; ac:,lzGJ@pnf;rnfjzpfa=3Dumif;=20
a=3Dunmvdkufygonf// J J
[kaz:jycJhygonf//
2// xdkodk@ jynfolv$wfawmfac:,lzGJ@pnf;a&;ESifh ywfoufI=20
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
onfrdrdwdk@&yfwnfcsufudk xkwfjyefa=3DunmjyD; onfhaemuf=20
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS=20
A[dktvkyf trSKaqmifrsm; jzpf=3Duaom OD;oef;xGef;/ OD;pdk;jrifhwdk@ESifh=20
jynfxJa&;Xme 0ef=3DuD;wdk@
awG@qHk&mwGif4if;0ef=3DuD;u=20
EdkifiHawmfjidrf0wfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@Oya'trSwf-5=A796 udk=20
zwfjycJhygonf// jynfolv$wfawmfac:,lzGJ@pnf;v#if Oya'trSwf -5=A796 jzifh=20
ta&;,lrnf[k jcdrf;ajcmufonfh oabmoufa&mufygonf//=20
3// trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJhcsKyfrS jynfolv$wfawmfac:,lzGJ@pnf;&ef=20
aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;
onf Oya'trSwf -5=A796 ESifh rnfodk@r#jidpGrf;rSKr&Sda=3Dumif;udk awG@=3Du&rn=
f=20
jzpfygonf//
4// Oya'trSwf -5=A796 wGif Oya'ed'gef;ESifh tcef; (4) cef;yg&Sdygonf//=20
Oya'ed'gef;wGif=20
J J trsKd;om;nDvmcH. vkyfief;rsm;udk xdcdkufysufjym;ap&ef=20
aESmuf,SufzsufqD;jcif;/ trsKd;om;nDvmcHudk ao;odrfap&efaomfvnf;aumif;/=20
jynfolrsm;twGif;=20
tjrifvGJrSm;ap&ef aomfvnf;aumif;/ vHSKaqmfjcif;/ a[majymjcif;/=20
ajymqdkjcif;/=20
a&;om;jzef@a0jcif; ponfhvkyf&yfrsm;udk enf;rsKd;pHkjzifh=20
vkyfaqmifae=3Duonfudkvnf;=20
awG@&Sd&ygonf// ,if;vkyf&yfrsm;onf EdkifiHawmfwGif ppfrSefaom=20
ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD
xGef;um;a&;ESifh EdkifiHawmfwm0efudk wnfjidrfat;csrf;pGm pepfwus=20
v$Jajymif;a&;udk=20
[ef@wm; aESmifh,Sufqef@usif&m a&mufygonf// J J
5// J J odk@jzpfI EdkifiHawmfwm0efudk wnfjidrfat;csrf;pGm pepfwus=20
vGJajymif;ay;Edkifa&;/ trsKd;om;nDvmcHvkyfief;rsm;=20
atmifjrifpGmaqmif&GufEdkifa&;ESifh at;csrf;om,mI=20
acwfrDzGH@jzdK;wdk;wufaom EdkifiHawmfwnfaqmufa&;wdk@udk=20
[ef@wm;aESmifh,Sufqef@usif
jcif;wdk@rS tumtuG,fay;&ef vdktyfojzifh=20
EdkifiHawmfjidrf0yfydjym;rSKwnfaqmufa&;
tzGJ@onf atmufygOya'udk jyXmef;vdkufonf// J J=20
[lI az:jyxm;ygonf//=20
6// xdkOya'. tcef;(1)wGif trnfESifht"dyg,faz:jycsufrsm;/ tcef;(2)wGif=20
wm;jrpf
csufrsm;/ tcef;(3)wGif jypf'%frsm;ESifh tcef;(4)wGif=20
taxGaxG[kaz:jyxm;ygonf//=20
tcef;(2)wGif wm;jrpfcsufrsm;tjzpf yk'frcGJ (5) ckukdaz:jyxm;&m yk'frcGJ=20
(u)ESifh(c)wdk@onf=20
a,bl,s jyXmef;csufrsm;jzpfjyD; yk'frcGJ (*) (C) ESifh (i)wdk@onf=20
txl;jyXmef;csufrsm; jzpfygonf//=20
7// rnfonfhOya'udkrqdk teuft"dyg,fzGifhqdk&mwGif vrf;nGefrSK@tjzpf=20
cH,l
usifhoHk;&rnfh Oya'wpf&yf&Sdygonf// ,if;rSm 1973 ckESpf / pum;&yfrsm;=20
teuft"dyg,fzGifhqdka&;=20
Oya'jzpfjyD; awmfvSefa&;aumifpDu jrefrmEdkifiHa,bl,pum;&yfrsm; tufOya'=20
(The Burma General Clauses Act) udk &kyfodrf;vsuf 1973 ckESpfwGif=20
jyXmef;cJhaom=20
Oya' jzpfygonf// 1973 ckESpf / pum;&yfrsm; teuft"dy`g,fzGifhqdka&; Oya'/=20
tcef;(2)wGif
J J teuft"dyg,fzGifhqdka&;vrf;nGefrsm; J J ukd jyXmef;xm;&m / yk'fr=20
(3)/ yk'frcGJ (c) wGif=20
J J Oya'jyXmef;csuf wpf&yf&yf. teuft"dy`g,fudk ,if;Oya'udk=20
jyKonfhtm%mydkif
tzGJ@tpnf;. &nf&G,fcsufESifhudkufnDatmif zGifhqdk&rnf J J [k=20
vrf;nGefxm;ygonf//
8// Oya'trSwf -5=A796 wGif jyXmef;cJhonfh=20
EdkifiHawmfjidrf0yfydjym;rSKwnfaqmufa&;
tzGJ@. &nf&G,fcsufudk Oya'ed'gef;wGif twdtvif;az:jyxm;&m trsKd;om;nDvmcH=20
vkyfief;rsm;udk xdcdkufysufjym;ap&ef vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udkom=20
wm;jrpf&ef&nf&G,fxm;a=3Dumif; xif&Sm;vsuf&Sdygonf// xdk@tjyif Oya'yk'fr=20
(3) / yk'frcGJ (C)wGif J J txl;Oya'=20
wpf&yf&yfwGifyg&Sdaom jyXmef;csufwpf&yfonf a,bl,s=20
Oya'wpf&yf&yfwGifyg&Sdaom oufqdkif&mjyXmef;csufudk vGrf;rdk;onf// Oya'=20
wpf&yf&yfwGif yg&Sdaom txl;jyXmef;csuf
wpf&yf&yfonf ,if;Oya'wGifyg&Sdaom a,bl,s jyXmef;csufudk vGrf;rdk;onf// =20
J J=20
[k vrf;nGefxm;jyefygonf//
9// xdk@a=3Dumifh Oya'trSwf 5=A796 / tcef;(2) yk'fr (3) / yk'frcGJ=20
(u)ESifh(c)wGif=20
az:jyxm;aom a,bl,s wm;jrpfcsufrsm;udk txl;jyXmef;csufrsm;jzpfonfh -
J J (*) cdkifrmonfh zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya' jzpfay:vma&;udka&S;&_I=20
trsKd;om;nDvmcHu aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdaom vkyfief;rsm;udk=20
xdcdkufysufjym;ap&efjzpfap/ ao;odrfap&efjzpfap/=20
jynfolrsm;txiftjrifvGJrSm;ap&ef jzpfap aESmuf,Sufjcif;/ zsufqD;jcif;/=20
[ef@wm;jcif;/ =20
vHSKaqmfjcif;/ a[majymjcif;/ ajymqdkjcif; odk@r[kwf a&;om;jzef@a0jcif;/
(C) w&m;0if aqmif&GufydkifcGifhr&SdbJ trsKd;om;nDvmcH. vkyfief;rsm;udk=20
aqmif&Gufjcif;/
odk@r[kwf EdkifiHawmfzGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'udk a&;qGJjcif; odk@r[kwf=20
a&;qGJjzef@a0jcif;/
(i) txufygwm;jrpfcsufwpf&yf&yfudk azgufzsufusL;vGef&ef tm;xkwfjcif;=20
odk@r[kwf=20
tm;ay;ulnDjcif; J J
ponfh wm;jrpfcsuf (3) &yfu v$rf;rdk;vsuf&Sdygonf//
10// xdk@a=3Dumifh trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS=20
jynfolv$wfawmfac:,lzGJ@pnf;a&;
twGuf aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;onf Oya' trSwf5=A796 ygwm;jrpfcsufrsm;ESifh=20
rjidpGef;ay//
11// 1989 ckESpf/ jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'wGif J=20
Jv$wfawmfqdkonfrSm jynfol@v$wfawmfudkqdkonf J J ( yk'fr (2)/ yk'frcGJ=20
(u) ) [laomjyXmef;csuf/ J J v$wfawmfudk rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESifhtnD=20
a&G;aumufwifajrSmufvdkufaom v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
rsm;jzifh zGJ@pnf;&rnf J J ( yk'fr( 3 ) ) [laom jyXmef;csufrsm;rSty=20
v$wfawmfac:,lzGJ@pnf;a&;ESifh
ywfoufIjyXmef;csuf wpfpHkwpf&mr&Sday// tpOftvmt& jrefrmEdkifiHwGif=20
a&G;aumufyGJrsm;
usif;yjyD;aemuf &ufaygif;(90) ywf0ef;usiftwGif; v$wfawmfudk=20
zGJ@pnf;cJh=3Duygonf// EdkifiHawmf jidrf0yfydjym;rSKwnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ESifh=20
,ae@tm%mydkifrsm;onfom 1990jynfhESpf=20
a&G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif az:xkwfjyocJhonfh jynfolvlxk. wpfcJeufaomqENudk=20
rsufuG,fjyK&m a&mufonfhtjyif wnfqJOya'rsm;udkvnf; rav;pm;&m=20
a&mufaeygonf//=20
12// 1988ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (23)&ufae@wGif=20
wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu wyfrawmf.&yfwnfcsufudk=20
&Sif;vif;ajym=3Dum;&mwGif J J u|efawmfwdk@taeeJ@tpdk;&udk=20
zGJ@pnf;cJhjcif;[m EdkifiHwpfEdkifiHrSm&Sdoifh&SdxdkufwJh=20
t*Fg&yfwpf&yfeJ@jynfhpHkapzdk@/ EdkifiHwum=20
qufqHa&;eJ@wm0efawGcGJa0xrf;aqmifapEdkifzdk@twGufomjzpfjyD;/=20
yk*~dKvftenf;i,fr#eJ@om wm0efawGrsm;jym;pGm ay;tyfxm;jcif;u=20
EdkifiHawmftm%mudk =3Dum&Snfav;jrifhpGm=20
&,lxm;vdkaomqENvHk;0 r&Sda=3Dumif;udk xif&Sm;apygw,f// J J [kvnf;aumif;/
J J u|efawmfwdk@ wm0ef,l&rJh umv[m tvGefwdkawmif;vSwJhtwGuf=20
a&&SnfjyKjyif
aqmif&Guf&rJh usef;rma&;/ ynma&;/ vlr_a&;/ qdkif&mvkyfief;rsm;udkawmh=20
ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDa&G;aumufyGJusif;yjyD; aemuf wufa&mufvmr,fh=20
tpdk;&tzGJ@tpnf;u=20
aqmif&Gufay;zdk@jzpfygw,f J J [k urBmod/ jrefrmod a=3DunmcJhygonf//
13// xdkpOfu 0ef=3DuD;csKyftygt0if 0ef=3DuD; (9) a,mufESifhzGJ@pnf;cJhaom=
=20
tpdk;&tzGJ@onf=20
(10)ESpf umvtwGif; 0ef=3DuD;csKyftygt0if 0ef=3DuD; (41)OD;ESifh 'kwd,=20
0ef=3DuD;aygif;=20
(17-11-97) &ufae@txd (35) Od;txd wdk;csJhzGJ@pnf;xm;onfudk awG@=3Du&rnf=20
jzpfygonf//
14// umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf. J J a&G;aumufyGJjyD;vsif=20
ppfwef;vsm;jyefrnf J Jqdkaomuwd/ =20
1989 ckESpf / Zlvdkifv (5) &ufae@wGif jynfwGif;jynfy=20
owif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJwGif ajym=3Dum;cJhonfh - =20
J J u|efawmftm%mudk Oya'eJ@tnD v$Jr,f// ( majority vote eJh =20
government=20
form up) vkyfEdkif&ifv$JayghAs// u|efawmf oabmwlygw,f// J J [laom uwd=20
/=20
J J (constitution) topfqGJcsifovm;- qGJvdk@ u|efawmfwdk@ajymw,f// ---=20
trwf
b,favmuf&&if 'guawmh 'Davmuf&&if tpdk;&tzGJJ@udk v$Jay;&r,fqdkwm=20
rSefygw,f// u|efawmfbmjiif;p&m &SdvJAsm// u|efawmf 'DrSm v$Jay;&rSmaygh=20
// ----- b,f=20
(constitution) udk,lrvJ // EdkifiHwpfck&Sd&if tpdk;&wpfck&Sd&r,f //=20
ol@rSm tajccH (constitution) zGJ@pnf;yHk tajccH Oya'&Sd&r,f//=20
b,f[mudk(recognize) =20
vkyfrvJ // (amendment) vkyfrvm; // bm nm / 'gawGuawmh ygwDawG
pOf;pm;=3Du&rJh udpPAs // J J [laom uwdu0wfrsm; ,ae@tm%mydkifrsm;=20
y,fzsufcJh=3Duygonf //=20
15// odk@ygI trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS=20
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;/=20
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;. jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm; / tjcm;=20
EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rS=20
jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm; ESifhwpfoD;yk*~v=20
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;
tm;vHk;wGif/ jynfol@v$wfawmfzGJ@pnf;a&;ESifh pyfvsOf;I=20
rJqEN&Sifrsm;ESifh jynfolvlxk.qENt& wm0efusa&mufvmjyDjzpfygonf//=20
16// xdk@a=3DumifhtrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfonf=20
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;yg0ifaom=20
jynfol@v$wfawmfwpf&yfudk r=3DumrD&uftwGif; zGJ@pnf;rnf
jzpfa=3Dumif; a=3Dunmvdkufygonf[k trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfu=20
a=3DunmcJhjcif;jzpfayonf//
=20
A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf =20
&efukefjrdK@
1360 jynfhESpf/ awmfovif;vjynfhausmf (5) &uf
1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (10) &uf</bigger></bigger></bigger></fontfamily>