[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index
][Thread Index
]
NLD Labour report submitted to 1997 (r)
- Subject: NLD Labour report submitted to 1997 (r)
- From: nldburma@xxxxxxxxxxx
- Date: Sat, 17 Apr 1999 05:29:00
Subject: NLD Labour report submitted to 1997 May conference
trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJhcsKyf
A[kfdtvkyform;vkyfief;tzGJh
tvkyform;a&;&mvkyfief;rsm;qkdif&m tpD&ifcHpm
ed'gef;
1? trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJhcsKyfonf 1988ck/ pufwifbmv
27&ufaehrSpwif zGJhpnf;wnfaxmifcJhjyD;onfhaemuf
vlxkvlwef;pm;tzGJhtpnf;rsm; zGJhpnf;aqmif&Guf&ef
&nfrSef;csufxm;&Sdonfhtavsuf 1989ckESpf tpykdif;rSpwifI
awmifolv,form;vkyfief;tzJGh/ wwfodynm&Sifrsm;tzGJh/
ukefoG,fpD;yGg;tzJGh/ tvkyform;vkyfief;tzJGhrsm;ukd
zJGhpnf;ay;cJhygonf?
2? A[kdtvkyform;vkyfief;tzJGhukfd 1989ck/ rwfv
26&ufaehaehpJGygpmjzifh atmufyg
yk*~Kvfrsm;yg0ifvsuf zJGhpnf;cJhygonf?
OD;pdef0if; OuUX
OD;oef;xGef;
OD;aomif;}unf
OD;cifarmif}unf
OD;armifukd
OD;wifhvGif
a':pef;pef; twGif;a&;rSk;
3? tqkdygvkyfief;tzJGhonf zGhJpnf;onfrSpwifI
jynfolhvGSwfawmfa&G;aumufyGJrpwifrSD 1990ck/
arvtxdvSkyf&Sm;aqmif&GufcJh&m atmufygudpP7yfrsm;rSm
xif&Sm;onfhaqmif&Gufcsufrsm; jzpfygonf?
(u) 1989ckESpf arv (1)&ufaeh urBhtvkyform;aehwGif
tvkyform;aeh
a}ujimpmwef; o0%fvGSmukfd
trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJGhcsKyfrS usif;yaom
tvkyform;aeh tcrf;tem;wGif wifoGif;zwf}um;jcif;?
(c) 1989ck ZGefvwGifusif;yaom EkdifiHwumtvkyform;a&;&mnDvmcHokdh
wufa&mufrnfh
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHtvkyform;xkukdudk,f
pm; jyKhkonfqkdonfh tvkyform; ukd,fpm;vS,fonf jrefrmEkdifiHY "
tkdif/ t,fvf/ tkd jyXmef;csuf 87"
ukfdvufcHxm;aomfvnf; usifhokH;jcif;r&Sdojzifh
tvkyform;tpnf;t&kH;wnfaxmifcGifhrjyKhbJ tpnf;t&kH;vkH;0r&SdkI
tvkyform;ukd,fpm;jyKh
ukd,fpm;vS,fr[kwfa}umif;ukd tkdift,fvf tkd okdh
uefhuGufpmykdhcJhygonf?
(*) 1990 ckESpf ygwDpkHtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif
trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pFtzGJhcsKyf.
rl0g'oabmxm;rsm;rl}urf;Y atmufygtwkdif; tvkyform;a&;&m rl0g'
oabmw&m;rsm;ukd xnfhkoGif;az:jyxm;ygonf?
(1) tvkyform;or*~/ 0efxrf;or*~wkdhonf
'Drkdua&pDpHepfwGif
cGJjcrf;jypfy,fIr&aom t*gF&yfrsm;jzpfonf[kh
usGEkfyfwkdhrSwf,lvufcHcJhonf?
xkdor*~rsm;onf
ygwDekdifiHa&;uif;&Sif;aom vGwfvyfaomtzGJhtpnf;rsm;tjzpf
&yfwnfoGm;&rnf[kh usGEkfyfwkdh
,kH}unfonf?
(2) or*~rsm;onf rdrdwkdh. w&m;rsSwaom
tcGifhta&;rsm;ukd w&m;Oya'
abmiftwGif;rS ta&;qkdykdifqkdifcGifh &Sddap&rnf?
(3) tvkyf&Sif/ tvkyform;wkdh. 0g%dZ? yËdyuQukd
ajz&Sif;&mwGif rsSwI
w&m;Oyaa'ESifh nDnGwfap&rnf?
4? 1990 ckESpf arv ygwDpkHtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ
atmifekdifa&;tpDtpOfrsm;rprSD umvtxd tvkyform;a&;&mudpP&yfrsm;ukd
jrdKhe,frsm;u wifjyvmonfhtcg t}uHOm%fay;jcif;/ jrdKhe,frsm;tm;
tcgtm;avsmfpGmzdwfI tvkyform;a&;7modoifhodxkdufonfrsm;ukd
7Sif;vif;jyojcif; ponfwkdhukd pOfqufrjywf aqmif&GufcJhygonf/ okdhaomf
a&G;aumufyGJatmifekdifa&; vkH;yrf;ae&jcif;/ a&G;aumufyGJtjyD;
*ENDcef;raqG;aEG;yGJ aemufykdif;umvrsm;wGif ta}umif;a}umif;a}uifh
A[kdtvkyform;vkyfief;tzGJh. aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;
wkhHqkdif;jcif;jzpfcJh&ygonf?
5? trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJhcsKyfonf 19-7-95 aehwGif
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSk; xdef;odef;cHb0 rS vGwfajrmufjyD;onfhaemuf
ykfdrkduspfvpfodyfonf;aom pnf;vkH;nDnGwfaom ygwDw&yfjzpfxGef;vmonffh
tvm;tvmrsm;7SdvmjyDjzpfI4if;/ tcsdeftcgESifh tajctaet&
vkdtyfvmjyDjzpfIvnf;aumif;/ vlxkvlwef;pm;tzGJhrsm;. vkyfief;&yfrsm;ukd
ykdrkdtav;xm;aqmif&GufcJh7m A[kdawmifolv,form;tzGJh/
vlrSkkhtaxmuftuljykhtzGhJrsm;/ A[kdtrsKd;orD;vkyfief;tzGJh rsm;onfvnf;
touf0ifvSkkyf&Sm;taumiftxnfaz:I vmcJh}ujyDjzpfygonf?
6? 1996 ckESpf/ }o*kwfv 21&ufaeh/ pufwifbmv 4&ufaehESifh
18&ufaehrsm;wGif
A[kdtvkyftrSkhaqmiftzGJh0if trssd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJhkcsKyf 'kwd,OuUX
OD;wifOD;taejzifh
A[kdtvkyform;vkyfief;tzGJhtpnf;ta0;okdh wufa&mufjyD;
atmufygyk*~Kdvfrsm;yg0ifaom tzGJh0ifrsm;u ,ckhvuf&Sd tvkyform;rsm;.
tajctaersm;ukd pkHprf;avhvmokH;oyfI tvkyform;a&;&m oabmxm;rsm;/
&nfrSef;csufESifh a&Shvkyfief;pOfrsm;ukdcsrSwfvsuf tpD&ifcHpm wifjy&ef
wm0efay;tyfcJhygonf?
OD;wifOD;
OD;vGef;wif
OD;armifarmif}uD;
OD;oef;xGef;
OD;cifarmif}unf
OD;pdef0if;
a':pef;pef;
7? ,aehtvkyform;rsm;. tajctae
,aehrsufarSmufacwfwGif jrefrmEkdifiHY
wHcg;zGifhaps;uGufpD;yGg;a&;pHepfukd usifhokH;aeaomfvnf;
aawmifolv,form;rsm;. pkdufysKd;xkwfvkyfrSkhonf pD;yGg;a&;trmcHtjzpf
tajccHwnf&SdjrJjzpfygonf? jrefrmekdifiH. vlOD;a& 44²74 oef; (1995-96
ckeSpf) wGif tvkyfvkyfukdifeSdifaom touf 15ESpfrS 59ESpftwGif;&Sd
vlOD;a&rSm 26²34 oef; jzpfygonf? awmifolv,form;OD;a& 11²72 oef;tygt0if
tvkyfvkyfukdifvsuf&Sdaom vlOD;a&rSm 17²59 oef;&Sdygonf? okdhjzpfygI
tvkyform;vlwef;pm;onf jrefrmeldlifiHvlOD;a&. 39²3µEsifh
tvkyfvkyfukdifEkdifaom t&G,fa&mufolOD;a&. 66² 8 µcefh &Sdygonf?
tajccHvlwef;pm;jzpfaom tvkyform;eSifh awmifolv,form;rsm;/
wenf;qkd&aomf vlht&if;tjrpf (human resources) wkdhonf jrefrmekdifiH.
aps;uGufpD;yGg;a&;pHepfwGif ekdifiH.pD;yGg;jzpfxGef;rSkhESifh
EkdifiHa&;/vlrSKha&; wkdhwGif t"dutcef;u¾rSyg0ifaom
y"g%usaomtiftm;pkrsm;jzpfygonf?
xkdtvkyform;wkdh. ta&;rsm;jzpfaom
vkyfief;cGifjidrf;csrf;om,ma&; (Industrial Peace)/
oufomacsmifcsda&;eSifh w&m;rsSwrSkh&Sda&;/ a&;qGJxm;aom
tvkyftukdifcefhxm;rSkhqkdif&m pnf;rsOf;rsm;onf
acwfpHepfESifhvkdufavsmnDaxGrSkh&Sdr&Sdonf
ta&;}uD;aomjy\emw&yfjzpfygonf? ,cifESpfaygif; rsm;pGmu a&;qGJjyD;
usidhokH;vmcJhaom tvkyform;Oya'rsm;onf ,ckaiGa}u;azmif;yGrSkhESkef;
tqrwef jrifhrm;aeaom aps;uGufpD;yGg;a&;pHepfESifh
tH0ifcGifusjcif;r&Sdonfomru tcsKdhaom Oya'rsm;ukdvnf;
acwfESifhavsmfnDpGm ajymif;vJjyifqifjcif; r&SdI tvkyform;rsm;.
wm0efESifh &ykdifcGifhrsm; qkH;&SkH;aeygonf?
trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJhcsKyfonf jynfolwkdhtm;
'Drkdua&pDtcGifhta&;/ vlhtajccHtcGifhta&;rsm; tjynfht0cHpm;ekdif&ef
rl0g'rsm;csrSwfxm;onfeSifhtnD vuf&SdusifhokH;aeaom tvkyform;Oya' 21ck.
[muGuf/ aysmhuGuf/ tm;enf;csufrsm;ukd avhvmI
rnfuJhokdhjyifqifajymif;vJ&ef vkdtyfonfukdvnf; avhvmokH;oyf&ef
vkdtyfvsuf&SdaejyD[kh ,kH}unfygonf?
rsufarSmufacwf e0w tpkd;&vufxufwGif
wHcg;zGifhpD;yGg;a&;pHepft& ekdifiHjcm; &if;ESD;jrkyfESHrSKh vkyfief;/
zufpyfvkyfief;rsm;/ puf&kH tvkyf&kH 0efaqmifvkyfief;rsm;&Sd
tvkyform;rsm;onf-
(u) tvkyfcefhxm;rSkhqkdif&m pnf;rsOf;
pnf;urf;csufrsm;wGif tvkyf&Sifu
tvkyfcefhxm;jcif;/ tvkyform;Oya'ESifhtnD wvEkhdwpfay;p&mrvkdbJ
tvkyfjzKwfekdifjcif;jzifh
tvkyf&Sifrsm;tm; tcGifhta&;omvGefay;xm;jcif;/
tvkyf&Siftvkdus a7;qJGxm;jcif;jzpfI
vkyfief;cGifwnfjrJrSkhr&Sdjcif;/
(c) tvkyform;rsm;.epfemcsufrsm;/ tcGifhta7;rsm;udk
wifjyaawmif;qkdESkkdif&efaomf
4if;/ ajz&Sif;aqmif&Gufay;ekdif&efaomf4if;/
aqmif&Gufekdifrnfhtqifhqifh , EW&m;rsm;
r7Sdjcif;/ vkyfief;cGif vkyfief;XmetwGif; 0g%dpPor*~rsm;
zJGhpnf;xm;rSlhr&Sdjcif;/
tvkyform;rsm;onf tvkyfrS&yfpJcHcJh&aomfvnf;
rwkdif&J/ wkdifygaomfvnf;
yDjyifaomajz&Sif;rSkhr&jcif;/ qkH;jzwfay;ekdifrSkhr&SfdI
tqifhqifh t,lcHwufa&muf&ef tqifhqifh,EW,m;rsm;
(ndSESkdif;tajz&Smjcif;/
}um;0ifjzefajzjcif;/ rsufESmpkHnD aqG;aEG;tajz&Smjcif; ,EW,m;rsm;)
r&Sdjcif;
a}umifh txl;epfemvsuf &Sdaeygonf?
(*) ekdifiHjcm;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;/
&if;ESD;jrkyfESHolrsm;taejzifh jrefrmekdifiHwGif puf&kH/ tvkyf&kH/
vkyfief;Xmersm; wnfaxmifxm;ouJhokdh
xkdif;/ rav;&Sm;/ tif'kdeD;&Sm; ponfh
tjcm;aomekdifiHrsm;Yvnf; puf&kHrsm;wnfaxmifxm;&Sdygonf? okdhaomfvnf;
vkyfief;wl/
puf&kHxGufypPnf;t&nftaoG;jcif; wlnDygvsuf jrefrmekdifiH
tvkyform;rsm;onf tenf;qkH;tca}u;aiG
Oya'. toufr0ifrSkh/
jyedvnfjyifqifrSKh yDjyifrSkhr&Sdjcif;a}umifh
tjcm;ekdifiHrsm;. tenf;qkH;tc
a}u;aiGESifh r,SOfekdifaom tvGefenf;yg;aom
vkyfca}u;aiGrsm;om &&SdcHpm;
}u&ayonf? vkyfief;7Sifrsm;taejzifh vpmrsm;rsm;
ay;vkdyguvnf;
jynfolykdifpuf&kHrsm;rS tvkyform;rsm;.
vkyfcvpmrsm;ESifh ESdkif;,SOfaomf
jynfolydkifpuf&kHtcsif;csif;
tjcm;vkyfief;Xmersm;ESifh jy\em&SddvmrnfjzpfI
ay;csifwkdif; ay;r&/ tvkyform;rsm;taeESifhvnf; 7vkdygvsuf r&/
rcHpm;&jzpfaea}umif;awGh&Sd&ygonf?
(C) jrefrmekdifiH. cGifh&ufESifh tvkyfydwf&uf Oya'
(Leave & Holiday Act) t& wqufwnf;
vnfywf&aom vkyfief;rsm;Y wywfvsSif 48 em&D/ &kH;/
0efaqmif vkyfief;rs;m;Y wywfvsSif 42 em&D tvkyfcsdef
owfrSwfxm;aomfvnf; aps;uGufpD;yGg;a&;pHepf
usifhokH;onfh qlygrwfuufrsm;/ puf&kH/
tvkyf&Hk/ vkyfief;Xmersm;&Sd tvkyform;rsm;onf Oya'.
umuG,fay;rSlhukd r&&SdbJ waeh 10 em&Dcefh vkyfapjcif;cHae&onfukd
awGh&Sd&ygonf? paeaeh tvkyfvkyfckdif;jcif;/ tcsdefykd
apckdif;jcif;rsm;cH&aomfvnf;
tcsdefykdvkyfcwdwdusus wGufcsufray;bJ
vufzuf&nfzkd;tenf;i,fay;jcif;/ rkefhausG;jcif;rsm;jzifh
ESpfodrfhcHae}u&ygonf? vlrSkhzlvkHa&;Oya'jyXmef;csufrsm;ukd
rvkufem a&Smifwdrf;aejcif;/ vkyfcowfrSwfcsufonf
,aehaiGa}u; azmif;yGrSkESkef;t& rqDavsmf
roifhjrwfaomfvnf; jyKjyif ajymif;vJay;rSkhr&Sdjcif;/ ykHpHtm;jzifh
tvkyform; avsSmfa}u; Oya' t& vpmaiG 400d txuf&
tvkyform;onf 0efxrf; [kkowfrSwfonfhtavsmuf ,if;Oya'ESifh
roufqkdifyg[kh jiif;qkdykdifcGifhukfd
tvkyf&Siftm;ay;xm;ouJhokdhkjzpfaeygonf? (vpm 400d txuf&
0efxrf;rsm;rSm avsmfa}u;Oya'ESifh t}ukH;r0if[k
jyXmef;xm;ygonf? )
8? ,aehtvkyform;rsm;. tajctaeukd avhvmprf;ppfcsuf t&
atmufygtwkdif;okH;oyfygonf?
okH;oyfcsuf?
(1) wnfqJ tvkyform;a7;&m Oya'rsm;onf acwf/ pHepfESifhrnD
[muGuf/ aysmhuGufrsm;&SdaeI
jyifqifajymif;vJ&ef vkdtyfaejcif;//
tvkyform;rsm;tm; Oya't& tumtuG,fay;ekdifrnfh
,EW,m;aysmufuG,fvsuf &Sdaejcif;a}umifh
wOD;wa,mufwnf;ta7;qkdol
tvkyform;rsm;taejzifh tcGifhta&;rsm; r7onfomru tvkyfcGif
wnfjrJrSkhukdyg
csdef;ajcmufcH&Ekdifjcif;/ usrf;rma7;/ oufomacsmifcsda&;/
vkyfief;cGifvkHjcKHa&;rsm; pHepfwus
r&Sdjcif;/
jrefrmekfdifiHonf vGwfvyfa&;&&SfjyD;
urBmhukvor*~ tzGJh0ifekdifiHtjzpf
yg0ifcJhygonf? xkdhtwl( ukvkor*~ukd,fpm;jyKh) tzGJhwzJGhjzpfaom
tkdift,ftkd. tzGJh0ifekdifiH
tjzpfvnf;yg0ifcJhygonf? tkdift,ftkdnDvmcHukd
qGpfZmvefedkifiH/ *sDeDAmjrdKhY ESpfpOf ZGefvwGif usif;yygonf?
(2) ,if;ESpfywfvnfnDvmcHtpnf;ta0;onf tvkyform;/ tvkyf&Sif/
tpkD;& okH;yGifhqkdif
ykHo¾mef usif;yjcif; jzpfygonf? jrefrmekdifiHrS
tvkyform;/tvkyf&Sif/ tpkD;7 ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;
apvGSwfwufa&mufapcJhygonf? tkdift,ftkdnDvmcHu
nDvmcHukd,fpm;vS,frsm; trsm;oabmwl
jyXmef;csufrsm;udk
tzGJh0ifekdifiHrsm;u rdrdwkdhekdifiH. ekdifiHa7;/ pD;yGm;a&;/
vlrSkha&; tajctaersm;t&
vufcHjyD;jyDqkdygu jyXmef;csufrsm;twkdif; vkdufemusifhokH;&ygonf?
(3) jrefrmekdifiHonf
tkdift,ftkdtzGJh0ifekdifiHjzpfcJhonfhtcsdefrSpI
tkdidt,ftkdjyXmef;csuf 29 ukd
vufcHtwnfjyKhjyD;jzpfygonf? okdh7mwGif 1930
ckESpfucsrSwfaom (t"rR) rw&m; tvkyfapckdif;jcif; jyXmef;csuf
ukfdvufcHxm;aomfvnf;
jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&u vkdufemcJhjcif;r&Sdyg/
jyXmef;csufukfd jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&u 1955 ckESpfu
vufcHtwnfjyKhcJh&m
ESpfav;q,fausmfcJhjyD;jzpfygonf?
" txl;ojzifh uav;oli,frsm;tm; tvkyfapckdif;aejcif;onf
tajccHvlhtcGifhdta&;ukd csKd;azgufae&kHomru
vlhoduQmrJh
&mZ0wfjypfrSkhrsLd; usL;vGef&ma7mufa}umif; ukvor*~.
yËd^mOfwGif yg&Sdonfh
uav;rsm;.&ykdifcGifhESifh ynmoif}um;a&;ukdcsdL;azgufaejcif;onf
uav;oli,frsm;. tem*gwfa&;qkH;&SkHjcif;yif
jzpfa}umif;/ xkdhtjyif vrf;wHwm;ESifh ppfajrjyif
a&Shwef;awm7Sif;jcif;twGuf vkyftm;ay;/
ay:wmqGJjcif;ponfh rzG,f&maom
rw&m;apckdif;jcif;ukd rjyKvkyf&ef"
1996ckESpf ZGefv 12 &ufaehu usif;yonfh aumfrDwDwGif tzGJh
0ifekdifiHtoD;oD;rS tvkyform;/ tvkyf&Sif ukd,fpm;vS,f
rsm;u jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&tm;
jyXmef;csuf 29 ukfd
tjrefvkdufema7;twGuf wGef;tm;ay;&efESifh
vkdufemjcif;r&Sdao;onfukd rSwfwrf;wif&ef
aqG;aEG;}ua}umif; }um;od&ygonf?
(4) jyXmef;csuftrSwf 87? ? jyXmef;csuftrSwf 87
t& tvkyform;rsm;onf
vGwfvyfpGmpnf;&kH;ykdifcGifhESifh vGwfvyfpGm
tzGJhtpnf;or*~rsm; zGJhpnf;cGifh &Sdygonf?
xkdjyXmef;csufukfd 1955 ckESpfu
jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&onf vufcHtwnfjyKjyD;Oya'jyXmef;
xm;jyD;jzpfygonf? odkh&mwGif ,aehjrefrmekdifiHwGif
vGwfvyfpGmpnf;&kH;cGifhESifh tvkyform;
tzGJhtpnf;or*~rsm; zJGhpnf;cGifhrsm;ukd ydwfkyifxm;ygonf?
,if;udpPukdvnf; 1996ckESpf
tkdifft,ftkdnDvgcHaumfrwDwGif aqG;aEG;jcif;ESifh
jyXmef;csufukd taumiftxnfazmfa&;twGuf wGef;tm;ay;&ef
tkdift,ftkd nDvmcHrSvnf;
wm0efay;tyfcJha}umif; od&ygonf?
xkdhtjyif e0w. arwWm&yfcHcsuft& usGrf;usifrSkh
tultnDay;a&;twGuf
tkdift,ftkdrS tqifhjrifh pkHprf;a&;tzGJhwck
apvGSwfcJh&m befaumufa&mufrS
xkdtzGJhvma&mufjcif;ukd a&GShqkdif;a}umif;
e0wrS ta}umif;}um;vkdufonf[k }um;od&ygonf?
Tokdh&yfqkdif;vkdufjcif;onf jrefrmekdifiH
tvkyform;a&;&mtwGuf
aumif;jrwfaomt}uHOm%frsm;r&&SdbJ tcGifhta&;qkH;&SkH;apjcif;/
ekdifiHa&;/pD;yGg;a&;/ vlrSkha&;
tajctaet& jyXmef;xm;jyD;jzpfonfh
tvkyform;a&;7mjyXmef;csufrsm;eSifhtnD pepfwus tcGifhta&;
rsm;rcHpm;EkfdifbJ 7
ykdifcGifhrsm;qkH;&SkH;apjcif;/ tvkyfcGifwnfjrJrSkkh/
vkyfief;cGifjidrf;csrf;om,mrSkh/
vkyfca}u;aiGenf;yg;rSkh ponfh
csKdhk,Gif;tm;enf;csufrsm;a}umifh tvkyform;rsm;
pm;0wfaea&;
a}umifh}urSkh}uD;xGm;vmjyD; tusifhpm&dwWESifh pdwf"gwfysufjym;jcif;/
vkyfief;cGif rwnfjidrfjcif;rsm;
jzpfay:cJhygonf?
tqkdygqkH;&SkH;aeaom tcGifhta&;rsm;ukd umuG,f&efESifh
&ykfdifcGifhrsm;pHepfwus&&Sda&;/ pkaygif;ta&;qkdcGifh/
vGwfvyfpGmpnf;&kH;ajymqkdcGifh/ xkwfaz:awmif;qkkdcGifhrsm;ukfd
taumiftxnfaz:ekdif&ef
"tvkyform;or*~rsm;" ukd zGJhpnf;azmfaqmif&efrSm ta&;t
}uD;qkH;vkdtyfcsufjzpfonf[kh
A[kdtvkyform;vkyfief;tzGJhu okH;oyfygonf?
9? tkdift,ftkdESifhjrefrmekdifiHtvkyform;ta&;
1996 ckESpf ZGefvwGif qGpfZmvefekdifiH *sDeDAmjrdKhYusif;yaom
83}udrfajrmuf tkdift,ftkdnDvmcHY tzGJh0ifekdifiHtoD;oD;rS
wufa&mufvm}uonfh nDvmcHukd,fpm;vS,frsm;u jrefrmekdifiHrS
tvkyform;rsm;. tajctaeeSifh tkdift,ftkd jyXmef;csufrsm;ukd
rvkdufembJaejcif;eSifh ywfoufI jyif;jyif;xefxef aqG;aEG;cJh}uonfh
aqG;aEG;csufrsm;. aumufESkwfcsufrsm;ukd atmufygtwkdif;
az:jyvkdufygonf?
tkdift,ftkdjyXmef;csuf 87esifh ywfoufI jrefrmEkdifiHu
vkdufemusifhokH;&ef 1981ckESpfrSpI 9}udrfwkdifwkdif aqG;aEG;cJhjyD;
usGrf;usifrSkhaumfrwD. tpD&ifcHpm 15apmifteuf 12apmifwGif
TjyXmef;csufukfdvkdufem&ef jrefrmekkdifiHokdhay;ykdhcJhygonf?
okdh&mwGif jrefrmekdifiHrStajctae tpD7ifcHpm vkH;0jyef}um;jcif;
rjyKhcJhyg? vGwfvyfpGmpnf;&kH;cGifhr&Sd? tvkyform; tpnf;t&kH;rsm;/
0g%dZor*~rsm;/zGJhpnf;cGifhr&Sdonfhtjyif
tjcm;vkyfief;wlor*~rsm;ESifhjzpfap/
tjcm;edkifiHa7;tzGJhtpnf;rsm;ESifhjzpfap/
vGwfvyfpGmqufoG,fyl;aygif;aqmif&GufcGifhr&Sdyg//
Oyrm jrefrmoabFmom;rsm;onf urBmESifht0Srf;&Sd wjcm;EkdifiH
oabFmom;or*~ tzJGhtpnf;rsm;ESifh vkH;0qufoG,fjcif;rjyKyg[lonfh
uwd0efcHcsufukd vufrSwfa&;xkd;jyD;rS oabFmwufcGifh vkdufcGifh&}uygonf?
(qGD'ifekdifiH tvkyform; ukd,fpm;vS,f.wifjyaqG;aEG;csuf)
jrefrmedkifiHwGif vlhtcGifhta&; azgufzsufaejcif;ukd &yfwefh&ef
nDvgcHwGif t}udrf}udrf aqG;aEG;jyD; jrefrmekdifiH tpkd;&xH
ta}umif;}um;cJhaomfvnf; jrefrmtpkd;&u ta&;,laqmif&Gufjcif; r&Sdao;yg?
owif;jzefhcsda&;ekSifh vGwfvyfpGmajymqkdrSkhwkdhukd
wif;}uyfpGmcsKyfcs,fxm;onfhtjyif ,ck &uftwGif; vltrsm;ukfd
tpkvkduftjyHKvkduf Oya'ESifhrnDbJ zrf;qD;aejcif;/
(*syefrStvkyform;udk,fpm;vS,f.aqG;aEG;wifjycsuf)
jrefrmekdifiHwGif ppfwyfutkyfcsKyfaecJhonfrSm
ESpfrsm;pGm}umcJhjyDjzpfI tpnf;t&kH;rsm;/ or*~rsm;
zJGhpnf;cGifhvkH;0uif;rJhaejyD; EldifiHa&;vkyfykdifcGifhESifh
vlrSkha&;7ykdifcGifhrsm;/ qkH;&SkH;vsuf7Sdaejcif;rSm
jrefrmekdifiHtwGuf&SufzG,fvdvdyifjzpfygonf?
jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&ukd,fpm;vS,fu TnDvmcHokdh
&Sif;vif;wifjycsufrsm;onf vkH;0,kH}unfzG,fr&Sda}umif;/ (tdENd,
tvkyform;ukd,fpm;vS,f. aqG;aEG;wifjycsuf)
jrefrmekdifiHonf ,refESSpfrsm;u t}udrf}udrfuwday;cJhygvsuf tkdift,ftkd
jyXmef;csuf 87 ukdvkdufemjcif;r&Sdjcif;a}umifh jrefrmekdifiHwGif
vlhtcGifhta&;rsm; qkH;&SkH;ae&jcif;ukdusGekfyfwkdh 5ekdifiHtpkd;&rsm;u
rsm;pGmpkd;&drfylyefrdygonf? 0g%dZor*~rsm;
vGwfvyfpGmzGJhpnf;cGifhESifh vGwfvyfpGm qufoG,fcGifhay;&ef
awmif;qkdygonf/ (aemfa0;EkdifiHukdk,fpm;vS,f.aqG;aEG;csuf)
jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&taeESifh urBmhtjrif/ trsm;tjrifwkdhukd
vspfvsL&Skhuif;uGmaeI rjzpf/ pdwfapwemaumif;&Sdygonf[kh xyfwvJvJ
xkwfajymae&kHrsSjzifh rvkHavmuf/ Oya'oabmESifh vufawGh
vkyf7yfrsm;jzifh tjrefjyKjyif&efvkfdygonf? (e,fomvefekdifiH tpkd;&
ukd,fpm;vS,f.aqG;aEG;csuf)
ukvor*~ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSk;. ukd,fpm;vS,fu wifjyonfrSm
jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&. awmif;qkdcsufrsm;t& ,ckhESpf 1996ckESpf {jyDv 4
&ufaehu a7muf&Sdvmonfh tultnDawmif;cHvGSmukd vkdufavsmI
tultnDay;rnfhtzGJhtpnf; apvGSwfrnfjzpfa}umif; jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&okdh
ta}umif;}um;cJhygonf? ,if;tzGJh.acgif;aqmif pHESkef;owfrSwfa&;Xme
t7m&Sd}uD; OD;aqmifvsuf ,kd;',m;ekdifiH/
befaumufjrdKhokdha&muf&SdpOfwGif jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&xHrS
xkdtzJGhkvma&mufa&;udpPukd rarsSmfvifhonfhta}umif;rsm;a}umifh
tcsdefajymif;a&Ghvkfdufa}umif; oH}uKd;pmjzifh ta}umif;}um;ojzifh
rpf&SiftzJGh roGm;a&mufekdifawmhyg//
okdhjzpfygI tkdift,ftkd nDvmcHu jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&tm;
jypdwif&SkHcsa}umif; tpD7ifcHpmwGif txl;tykd'ftaejzifh
jyif;xefaompum;vkH;rsm; xnfhoGif;okH;pGJI rSwfwrf;wif&ef
wifjycJh}uygonf?
xkdhtjyif tkdift,ftkdd jyXmef;csuftrSwf 29 (1930) ukdjrefrmekdifiHrS
1995 ckeSpfuyifusifhokH;&efvufcHcJhygonf? okdhaomf
jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&onf vkH;0usifhokH;vkdufemjcif;r7SdcJhyg?
jrefrmhc7D;oGm;ESpftwGuf jyifqifvkyfukdif&jcif;twGuf
trsKd;om;rsm;tm;acsG;wyfqGJI twif;t"rRapckdif;jcif;/
c7D;oGm;{nfhonfrsm;tjrifvSap&ef taqmuftODrsm; jyifqifrGef;rHjcif;/
topfaqmufvkyfjcif; ponfh aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif toufrjynfhaom
uav;rsm;ESifh rdef;uav;rsm;tm; apckdif;aejcif;/ Oyrm- rEWav;eef;awmf
av;bufav;wef usHL;jyifqif&mwGif axmifaomif;ruaom vkyftm;ay;rsm;
24em&DtvSnfhus vkyftm;ay;apjcif;ukd
t"rRjcdrf;ajcmufapckdif;cJhjcif;jzpfayonf?
t"rRtvkyfapckdif;jcif;a}umifh tkdift,ftkdjyXmef;csuf 29 (1930)
ukdusL;vGefazgufzsufaejcif;jzpfa}umif;/
okdhjzpfygI jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&onf tkdift,ftkdjyXmef;csuf 87 ESifh
29ukd qufwkduf ajymifajymifwif;wif; csdK;azgufaeojzifh ,ckhESpfnDvmcH
tpD&ifcHpmY jypfwif&SkkHcsa}umif; jyif;xefonfhpum;vkH;rsm;okH;I
txl;pmykd'ftjzpfxnfhoGif;&efESifh jyXmef;csuf 87 ESifh 29ukd
usifhokH;&efysufuGufonfhtwGuf tjypfusL;vGefa}umif;
jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&tm; owday;&ef qkH;jzwfcJhygonf?
wzef 1955ckESpf 'dzifbmv 11&ufaehu usif;ycJhonfht}udrf 50ajrmuf
ukvor*~ nDvmcHtpnf;ta0; wwd,aumfrwDu wkdkufwGef;csufrsm; csrSwfjyD;
jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&u vkdufemaqmif&Gufa&;twGuf ta}umif;}um;7ef
qkH;jzwfcJhygonf?
-jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&onf vlhtcGifhta&;rsm;ukd
qufvufcsKd;azmufaejcif;twGuf tvGef0rf;enf;onf?
-vlhtcGifhta&;a}ujimpmwrf;wGifyg&Sdaom rlrsm;t& jrefrmekdifiHom;wkdif;
vGwfvyfpGm ekdifiHa7;vkyfykdifcGifh&&Sda&;twGuf
tajctaersm;zefwD;7efESifh 'Drkdua&pDxGef;um;a&;
t&Sdeft[kefjrifhwufvmap7ef/ txl;ojzifh
'Drkdua&pDenf;t&a&G;cs,fjcif;cHxm;&aom yk*~Kdvfrsm;okdh
ekdifiHa&;tm%mrsm;vGSJajymif;ay;&efjrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&okdh
wkdufwGef;vkdufonf?
-jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&onf vGwfvyfpGmpnf;&kH;cGifh/
vGwfvyfpGma&;om;ajymqkd/ xkwfa0cGifh tygt0if vlhtcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh
tajccHvGwfvyfcGifhrsm;ukd tjynfht0av;pm;vkdufem&eftwGuf4if;/
wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pkrsm;ESifh bmomcJG vlenf;pkrsm;.
tcGifhta&;rsm;ukd umuG,fay;&eftwGuf4if;/ vlwOD;csif;.
touf&Sifoef7yfwnfa&;ESifh vlhoduQmxdyg;aponfh
vkyf7yfrsm;&yfqkdif;oGm;ap&eftwGuf4if;/ nSif;yrf;ESdyfpufjcid;/
trsKd;orD;rsm;tm; apmfum;jcif;/ t"rRvkyftm;ay;&jcif;/ jynfolvlxktm;
t"rRa&Ghajymif;apjcif;/ tusOf;enf;jzifhuGufrsufjcif;/ vufpazsmufjcif;
ponfhvkyf7yfrsm;ukd 7yfqkdif;jypfapa7;wkdhtwGuf4if;/
jyif;xefpGmwkdufwGef;vkdufonf?
-jrefrmekdifiHwGif vlhtcGifhta&;rsm; csLd;azgufaejcif;twGuf
0rf;enf;pdwfysufrdonf?
-vlhtcGifhta&;qkdif&m txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f. owif;ay;ykdhcsuft&
jrefrmekkkdifiHwGif vlhtcGifhta&;rsm;
qufvufcsKd;azgufvsuf&Sdaeao;a}umif; od&onf//
jynfolrsm;ukdowfjzwfjcif;/ a&Smifwcif zrf;qD;jcid;/
csKyfaESmifxm;jcif;/ vGwfvyfpGmajymqkda&;om;xkwfa0cGifhESifh zJGhpnf;
pnf;&kH;cGifhrsm;r&Sdao;jcif;/ nSifqJESdyfpufjcif;/
t"rRvkyftm;ay;rsm;ckdif;aeao;jcif;/ t"rRay:wmqGJaeao;jcif;/
e,fpyfa'oYppfqifa&;rsm;jyKhvkyfaecsdefrsm;wGif
vlhtcGifhta&;csKd;azmufrSkhrsm;usL;vGefaejcif;/ zGhHjzdk;a7;ukd
ta}umif;jyvsuf vlaetdrfajcrsm;ukd t"rR a&Ghajymif;ckdif;aejcid;twGuf
rsm;pGmpkd;&drfrdonf?
tkdift,ftkdzGJhpnf;ykH pnf;rsOf; 26 t& urBmhtvkyform;a&;&m
pHESkef;rsm; tqifhtwef;rrDjcif;/
vlhtcGifhta&;csKf;azmufaejcif;rsm;twGuf pkHprf;ppfap;&ef txl;aumfr&Sif
zJGhpnf;wm0efay;ekdifonf? okfhjzpf&mcsKd;azmufysufuGufaejcif;rsm;
qufvufjyKhvkyfaeaom jrefrmedkifiHtpkd;&tm; ajyvnfatmif ajz&Sif;ay;&ef
okdhr[kwfygu tkdift,ftkdzGJhpnf;ykH tykd'f 26t& qufvufta&;,l
aqmif&Guf&rnfh tajctae &Sdygonf?
wzef 1996ckESpf 'dzifbmv 12&ufaehu usif;yonfh ukvor*~
taxGaxGnDvmcHwGif jrefrmEdkifiH. vlhtcGifhta&;qkdif&mESifh ywfoufI
atmufygtwkdif; qkH;jzwfwkdufwGef;cJhygonf?
" tjynfjynfqkddif&mtvkyform;tzGJhcsKyf. jyXmef;csufrsm;jzpfaom
t"rRtvkyfapckdif;aejcif;/ (jyXmef;csuf 29) Esifh
vGwfvyfpGmpnf;&kH;cGifh/ zGJhpnf;cGifh jyXmef;csuf 87ukd
ydwfyifxm;jcif;ESifh ywfoufI tkdift,ftkd.qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;ukd
vkdufemaqmif&Gufap&efkjyif;xefpGmwkdufwGef;ESkd;aqmfxm;ygonf? "
10? trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJGhcsKyf tvkyform;a&;&m&nfrSef;csufrsm;
trsKf;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJGhcsKyf
A[kdtvkyyform;vkyfief;tzGJhonf txufwGifazmfjycJhaom tvkyform;rsm;.
tcGifhta&; qkH;7SkH;aerSkhukd umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&efESifh
&oifh&xkdufaomtcGifhta&;rsm;ukd
vGwfvyfpGmpkaygif;awmif;qkdta&;qkdcGifh&&SdEkdif&ef/
puf&kHtvkyf&kHvkyfief;/Xme toD;oD;rS tvkyform;rsm;yg0ifaom
"tvkyform;or*~/ tzJGhtpnf;rsm;" ukfdzJGhpnf;aqmif&Guf&ef
&nfrSef;xm;ygonf?
4if;tjyif atmufygvkyfief;pOfrsm;
csrSwftaumiftxnfaz:&efvnd;
&nfrSef;xm;ygonf?
11? vkyfief;pOf
txufyg&nfrSef;csufrsm;udk jyD;jynfhpkHpGm
taumiftxnfaz:edkif&ef trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pD tzJGhcsKyf
A[kdtvkyform;vkyfief;tzGJhonf
atmufygtwkdif;pDpOfaqmif&Guf&efjzpfygonf?
(u) vuf&SdusifhokH;aeaom aps;uGufpD;yGg;a&;pHepfwGif
wnfqJtvkyform;a&;&m Oya'rsm;onf
tH0ifcGifusrSkh&Sdr&Sdukd avhvgokH;oyf&ef?
(c) 1964 ckESpf jynfolhtvkkyform;rsm;
tajccH&ykdifcGifheSifh wm0efrsm;
jyXmef;onfhOya'. enf;Oya'[k rSwf,l&rnfh " 1929 ckESpf/
0g%dZyÉdyuQ tufOya'. tcsKdhtykd'frsm;t&
tvkyf&Sif/ tvkyform;rsm;t
}um;jzpfyGm;aeonfh 0g%dZyÉdyuQrsm;
jzefajza&;,EW,m;onf ,ckhtcg
tokH;jykhjcif;r&Sd/ ysufjy,faejyD[kod&jyD;jrdKhe,f}uD;}uyfa&;tqifhom
&Sdae
a}umif; od&ygonf?
xkd,EW,m;tqifhqifhjzifhajz&Sif;&aom ,cifESpfrsm;u
0g%dZyÉdyuQrsm;/vuf&SdjzpfyGm;aeqJ 0g%dZyÉdyuQrsm;tm;
repfemap&ef rnfokdhaqmif&Gufae}uonf/
rnfokdhpDpOfaqmif&Gufoifhonfrsm;ukd
avhvmokH;oyftajz&Sm&ef?
(*) tvkyform;xkw&yfvkH; epfemaeonfh &ykdifcGifhESifh
tcGifhta&;;rsm; 7&Sda&;/
vuf&Sdpm;0wfaea&; cufcJaeonfh tvkyform;rsm;.
vkyfcvpmajyvnfa&;ukfd a&S;&SkhI oifhawmfaom
tenf;qkH;vkyfcvpm owfrSwfa&;
vpmESkef;xm;rsm; jyifqifa&;twGuf jyifqifoifhonfh
tvkyform; Oya'rsm;ukd jyifqifEkdif&eftwGuf
vkdtyfovkdavhvmI
owif;tcsuftvufrsm;avhvmpkaqmif;xm;7Sd&ef/
(C) tjcm;aom'Drkdua&pDekdifiHrsm;rS tvkyform;or*~rsm;/
tzGJhtpnf;rsm;.
zGJhpnf;ykHukdavhvm&ef/
(i) tvkyform;a&;&m Oya'rsm;/ enf;Oya'rsm;/
nGSef}um;csufrsm;ESifh
tvkyform;a&;7m a0g[m&rsm;ukd trsKd;om; 'Drkdua&pDtzGJhcsKyf jynfe,f/
wkdif;/ jrdKhe,frsm;toD;oD;rS
tzGJh0ifrsm;wwfodem;vnf oabmaygufap&ef/
ynmay;a[majymjcif;/ oifwef;rsm;ay;jcid;
ponfwkdhukdaqmif&Guf&ef/
(p) wkd;csJhzGJhpnf;&ef vkdtyfygu A[kdtvkyform;
vkyfief;tzGJhtm;
taxmuftuljyktzGJh0ifrsm;jzifh wkd;csJzGJhpnf;&ef/
12? ed*kH;
A[kdtvkyform;vkyfiefk;tzGJhonf
txufygvkyfief;pOfrsm;ukd csrSwfxm;&SdjyD;
trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJhcsKyf tvkyftrSkhaqmiftzGJhokdh
wifjytpD&ifcHvsuf/ vrf;nGSefrSkkh/ OD;aqmifrSkhukfd cH,ljyD;
tvkyform;xktusKd;iSm xda&mufatmifjrifrSkh&&Sda&;twGuf pGrf;pGrf;wrH
}udK;pm;aqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpfyga}umif;?
A[kdtvkyform;vkyfief;tzGJh
aehpGJ 27-5-1997
jrefrmouU&mZf 1359ck/ uqkefvqkwf 9&uf
______________________________________________________
Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com