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Subject: [theburmanetnews] BurmaNet News: March 9, 2000
__________________ THE BURMANET NEWS ___________________
/ An on-line newspaper covering Burma \
\___________________ www.burmanet.org _____________________/
Thursday, March 9, 2000
Issue # 1482
To view the version of this issue with photographs, go to-
http://theburmanetnews.editthispage.com
____________________ NOTED IN PASSING ___________________
"Don't cry, the SPDC (Burmese government) is coming."
What Karen mothers tell their children to scare them into
not crying. (See MAINICHI DAILY NEWS: BACKDOOR BURMA)
_________________________________________________________
*Inside Burma
THE NATION: BURMA ALLOWS ICRC TO VISIT JAILS
MAINICHI DAILY NEWS: BACKDOOR BURMA
THE ASIAN AGE (India): FRESH CASES OF TB REPORTED IN BURMA
SHAN: VILLAGERS PAYING "OPIUM TAX" TO DEPARTING JUNTA COMMANDER
*International
THE NATION: JUNTA SLAMS NATIONS INVOLVED IN FORUM
BANGKOK POST: THAILAND PUSHES SOFT TOUCH
BANGKOK POST: TROOPS KILL 5 WA DRUG SMUGGLERS
BANGKOK POST: BURMESE INTRUDERS ARRESTED
BURMANET: HARVARD'S KENNEDY SCHOOL ADOPTS BURMA SELECTIVE PURCHASING
KYODO: MYANMAR TO PROVIDE ASSISTANCE TO LAOS
*Other
BURMANET: NPR RADIO TO AIR IN DEPTH PIECE ON UNOCAL PIPELINE FRIDAY
TEXT OF KENNEDY SCHOOL STUDENT GOVERNMENT FREE BURMA RESOLUTION
______________________ INSIDE BURMA ________________________
THE NATION: BURMA ALLOWS ICRC TO VISIT JAILS
March 9, 2000
RANGOON - Burma's military junta has granted permission
to the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) to
visit the country's prison labour campjs, ICRC officials
said yesterday.
"The visits will start this Friday," ICRC head-of-
delegation Leon de Riedmatten. "This is an important
task."
Riedmatten said the government's decision to allow ICRC
inspections of prison labour camps was an important step
forward in cooperation with the international
organization, whose main task is to monitor and assure
standard protection for political prisoners worldwide.
ICRC closed its Burma office in 1995 due to lack of
cooperation with authorities on prisoner protection.
It reopened a small programme in Shan State, eastern
Burma, in 1998, and resumed a countrywide prison
inspection operation in May last year.
Deutshe Presse-Agentur.
____________________________________________________________
MAINICHI DAILY NEWS: BACKDOOR BURMA
Japan, March 8, 2000
"An illegal entry popular with journalists and aid workers
provides a window on the Southeast Asian Nation's Woes,
reports Richard Humphries"
If you enter Burma via Rangoon customs officials will demand
that you change 300 US dollars before they let you pass. The
cash-starved military dictatorship is desperate for foreign
currency to prop its ailing economy and to continue its
harsh rule. Domestic airlines and major hotels also insist
on payment in dollars or their equivalent. Tourism is seen
as a prop and one to be fully exploited.
There is, however, a backdoor to Burma but it is not for
tourists. Mostly, a few journalists and aid workers use it.
Those who take that route are not told to fork over money.
Anything that is given, though, is put to far better use
than to that which supports a much-hated government. It
is a place where a microcosm of Burma's troubles can be
witnessed.
>From the Thai-Burma border town of Mae Sot, you travel for
several hours north along a lonely highway, then turn left
and continue for eight kilometers to a small Thai-Karen
village that hugs the Moei river, which forms the border
between Thailand and Burma. There you wait for a rickety
bamboo raft to take you across to the settlement of Mae
Hla Po Tha. The boatman pushes you along while in the river.
The water is above his shoulders at times. There is no
customs or immigration. And what you are doing is
technically illegal.
Since 1998 at least 4,000 ethnic Karen men, women and
children have been living in Mae Hla Po Tha. It is not
a normal village, one whose roots stretch back for
generations. The people here are, in the parlance of
international humanitarian semantics, internally
displaced refugees or IDPs.
Internal displacement is not a new phenomenon. For
centuries people have been moved through forcible expulsion
or have simply left on their own through fear. Today, while
an estimated 13 million refugees worldwide have managed
to cross international borders to a sort of often tenuous
sanctuary, some 20 to 25 million more internally
displaced either can't or won't leave their countries.
International Humanitarian Law does state that civilians
can not be forced from their homes unless their safety
or "imperative military reasons" require it. Burma has
often been at war with its ethnic minorities, and
particularly the Karen, since independence. Therefore,
there certainly is a large gray area within the term
"imperative military reasons." Not that it matters
here. Burma has violated international humanitarian
laws repeatedly without any qualms, showing that such
international understandings can be toothless in the
face of facts on the ground.
Conditions are getting worse for those who have managed
to cross to Thailand, particularly since the debacle over
the seizure of a hospital by the Karen "God's Army"
faction. Sources in Mae Sot reported that, in early
February this year, Thai police forcibly took ten
truckloads of refugees across the border.
The inhabitants of Mae Hla Po Tha originally lived
in 6 villages (Mae Hla Akee, Mae Hla Ahta, Mae Kek,
Kle Po Klo, Pway Paw Lay, and Pa Ngwe Bu) in Burma's
remote Dawna Hills Range. When the Burmese Army
attacked their area in October 1998, they fled
en masse.
At first they crossed into Thailand at a point near Mae
Osu. The Thais gave them a choice. They could stay for
20 days but then had to either go into the main refugee
camp at Mae La or go back. The villagers suspected that
life in a Thai refugee camp would be a dead end.
Inhabitants are not meant to grow crops but to rely on
international handouts and await the day when they can
return, voluntarily or otherwise. Several cross-border
attacks by Burmese soldiers, and their dissident Karen
allies, on refugee camps meant that safety was relative
in any event.
This group wished to preserve some measure of independence
and keep open the possibility of returning to their lands
at a time of their own choosing. They rejected going to Mae
La and returned across the river where they remain today.
This has meant some freedom but severe deprivation. Mae Hla
Po Tha does not have the resources to immediately support
a large influx of people. Additionally, while large
international humanitarian relief organizations can and do
support the 80,000 Karen refugees inside Thailand they are,
or feel, constrained about crossing an international border
to support IDPs, whose condition is, if anything, more
parlous. Smaller private groups and concerned individuals
are attempting to fill the gap as best they can.
Fear is not so visible on the immediate surface although
the Burmese Army is only a few hours walk away. One Karen
man stated that, "For us Karen, we know how to escape in
the jungle like a wild chicken. We have had lots of
practice. Even the children know to stay quiet."
In fact, Karen mothers curb their children's crying,
even in peaceful periods, by saying, "Don't cry, the
SPDC (Burmese government) is coming."
I visited during the dry season. The camp was organized
into several sections, corresponding to the refugees'
villages of origin. People were using the dry times to
re-roof their ramshackle wood and bamboo dwellings
with tied leaves. Some houses had donated plastic
sheeting for roofing but this only accentuated the
atmosphere of poverty Compared with established
Karen refugee camps in Thailand, Mae Hla Po Tha,
was much poorer. The lack of an adequate supply
of clean water was pronounced. River water needed
to be boiled. The camp did possess a small school
and down by the river, a clinic with five young medics
in attendance.
Although the clinic was officially open from 8 AM to
2 PM, a female medic stated that people effectively
came at all hours. Acute respiratory infections were
the biggest problem and were widespread, though
falciparum malaria and childbirth difficulties also
occurred frequently. In addition, the nature of the
ethnic conflict in Burma has meant that at Mae Hla
Po Tha, and elsewhere, clinics also treat victims
of anti-personnel landmines.
Only two weeks before a woman came to the clinic after
stepping on a mine. She was very lucky. Only the
triggering mechanism had exploded, not the entire
mine, and she was able to use her leg again.
At Mae Hla Po Tha, I met Maw Keh, a middle-aged Karen
man who himself wears a prosthesis. He had been a soldier
in the ethnic Karen army battling Rangoon's forces in
1986 when he received his wound. After being trained
by Handicapped International in Thailand and working
for them for ten years he left to start his own work
across the border in places like Mae Hla Po Tha where
large NGOs do not go.
He has set up an organization called the Karen Prosthesis
Workshop, which is based in Karen-controlled territory.
There are fifteen trained technicians, all land mine
victims, who build and custom fit new arms and legs.
The main materials used are leather and polyester
resin though sometimes they make do with what's available.
New feet are often fashioned from old automobile tires.
The climate and working conditions of upland Burma means
the average prosthesis must be replaced every few years.
The 4,000 IDPs at Mae Hla Po Tha are just the tip of the
iceberg. Tens of thousands more are displaced elsewhere
and must fend for themselves. Mine clearance, when possible,
must be done locally. According to Maw Keh, villagers will,
"normally use a rake. We put nails on a piece of wood at
the end of a pole, at least three meters in length, and
pull. If the rake end is 18 inches long it will typically
have eighteen nails on it."
I didn't stay the night at Mae Hla Po Tha, which was just
as well. After 9 PM there is an informal curfew when fires
are not supposed to be lit. People had been instructed to
have a few necessities ready in case they had to flee across
the border. There was a rope which at one time had been
slung across the river to make escape quicker. The Thais
told them to take it down.
Still, as long as they can swim or have enough time to put
up the rope and get across if trouble comes, the IDPs at
Mae Hla Po Tha, have some temporary margin of safety. For
their brothers and sisters hiding deeper inland it is much
tougher. Until there is peace in Burma, political change,
and the creation of a civil society, those IDPs have fewer
and fewer places to run, and fewer places to hide.
Richard Humphries is a free-lance journalist living in Japan
____________________________________________________________
THE ASIAN AGE (India): FRESH CASES OF TB REPORTED IN BURMA
March 9, 2000
Rangoon: There are an estimated 100,000 new tuberculosis
cases in Burma each year but the government is following
World Health Organisation recommendations to decrease the
threat, the New Light of Myanmar reported. About 75 per
cent of those infected are people between 15 and 59 years
old which is the most active working group, the minister
for health, Major General Ket Sein, told the second
national seminar on tuberculosis. (DPA)
____________________________________________________________
SHAN: VILLAGERS PAYING "OPIUM TAX" TO DEPARTING JUNTA COMMANDER
Shan Herald Agency for News
9 March 2000
No: 3 - 4
7 March 2000
Shan villagers in a northern township paid protection to a
Burmese commander before his return to unit, reported Mao Mao
from northern Shan State.
According to Mao Mao, Maj. Nyein Aye, Commander, Company 1,
LIB 323 in Mongkiet, Hsenwi Township, summoned a meeting of
village and tract headmen on 19 February.
"He said he would be completing his tour soon and wanted all
the villages in Mongkiet's jurisdiction to collect opium tax
for him with in 3 days."
Mao Mao provided the list of villages that paid "tax"
as follows:
1 Napoong -1 K. 20,000
2 Wanlong K. 10,000
3 Hokhai K. 7,000
4 Wankarb K. 10,000
5 Pianghsai K. 7,000
6 Wankaolong K. 40,000
7 Kunkieng K. 30,000
8 Nayay K. 40,000
9 Namlinkharn K. 5,000
10 Kungzong K. 40,000
11 Piangkharn K. 80,000
12 Holiangtai K. 70,000
13 Longhsim K. 4,000
14 Napoong-2 K. 50,000
15 Hueyheng K. 20,000
16 Nawng-aw K. 10,000
totalling K. 443,000 in all.
"It is a custom here for the poppy growers to pay
kickbacks to the local commanders," he added. "And
the villagers are used to it."
_____________________ INTERNATIONAL ________________________
THE NATION: JUNTA SLAMS NATIONS INVOLVED IN FORUM
JAPAN, South Korea and Asean have agreed on the need to
continue engagement with Rangoon and help the Burmese
junta in its human resource development and economic
reform processes, an informed source said yesterday.
The approach, which was freshly debated at a forum in
Seoul over the weekend, is an attempt to breathe new life
into the stalled political process in Burma.
The Seoul meeting follows a retreat in Chilston, England,
in 1998, which reportedly came up with a "carrot and
stick" formula for diplomacy aimed at forcing the junta
into making concessions.
Soon after the talks, a western proposal was leaked
through the media that involved western states, in
conjunction with the World Bank, reportedly offering
Rangoon a US$1 billion aid package in return for reforms.
The approach was subsequently rejected by the ruling
generals.
"The Seoul meeting is being held in such an environment
that every party involved is concerned about the future
of Burma and is looking for a way to help encourage
positive developments in the country," the source said.
But Rangoon on Tuesday attacked the countries which took
part in the Seoul meeting, saying the talks were a plot
to exert further pressure on the country's rulers.
"The Seoul meeting is nothing more than a scheme hatched
by western countries to put pressure on Burma. It would
surely not bring about positive results," said a
statement from the Burmese Foreign Ministry. Rangoon was
apparently also furious with fellow Asean members
Thailand, Malaysia and the Philippines.
But according to the source, no Asean country used the
forum to attack Rangoon. "Instead, they see the need to
help Burma with its human resources development
programme," the source said.
The talks, which ended on Monday, were shrouded in
secrecy. They also involved representatives from Canada,
Australia, Japan, Britain, France and the United Nations.
According to the source, Japan and South Korea strongly
advocated human resources development and economic reform
in Burma as vital to the future of the country. Japan is
considering increasing its humanitarian assistance to
Burma, which has been scaled back since 1988 over
political repression in the country.
The source added that South Korean President Kim Dae Jung
is personally attached to the issue of democratisation in
Burma and feels the way to do so is through engagement
since the country is part of East Asia. Asian and western
nations alike have been frustrated in their respective
attempts to bring about democracy and an improvement in
human rights in Burma.
Burma joined Asean in 1997 despite strong opposition from
western nations, in a move which ended decades of
political isolation. The issue of Burma has poisoned
relations between the grouping and the European Union
ever since.
The United States, Europe and other nations maintain
tight restrictions on investment and trade with Burma.
The outcome of the two-day meeting in Seoul is unclear as
officials involved remained tight-lipped, even about the
purpose of the session.
Secretary to Foreign Minister Surin Pitsuwan, Noppadol
Patama, who led the Thai delegation to the talks,
cancelled his scheduled press conference for fear it
would antagonise the military dictatorship.
However, according to the source, the forum wanted to see
Rangoon have a political dialogue with opposition leader
Aung San Suu Kyi. It also saw the need to increase
humanitarian aid to the country, especially for people
living along the Thai-Burmese border.
The Nation (March 9, 2000)
____________________________________________________________
BANGKOK POST: THAILAND PUSHES SOFT TOUCH
Achara Ashayagacht
Thailand and Japan, during the recent meeting on Burma in
Seoul, South Korea, advocated continuing social and
economic assistance to the country while European
delegate insisted on political reform as a precondition.
Unlike the international meeting in Chilston, England in
October 1999, which offered $1 billion to Rangoon in
return for political reform, the gathering in Seoul came
up with no collective initiative.
Participants simply compared notes during a session aimed
at keeping up the momentum for change in Burma following
the United Nations' resolution last October, officials
said.
Noppadol Pattama, the foreign minister's secretary who
headed the Thai delegation, said Thailand defended its
positive approach to Burma as an immediate neighbour and
partner in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.
Thailand also urged others to extend help to Burma in
human resources development, health, and other basic
needs.
Thailand also supported political dialogue between the
government and the opposition but believed it should come
through internal efforts rather than external pressure.
Delegates also felt that UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan
should appoint, as soon as possible, a new special envoy
to Burma to replace Alvaro de Soto, who recently was
appointed the UN's envoy to Cyprus.
Bangkok Post (March 9, 2000)
____________________________________________________________
BANGKOK POST: TROOPS KILL 5 WA DRUG SMUGGLERS
March 9, 2000
Border security troops shot dead five drug traffickers
from the United Wa State Army in Chiang Mai on Tuesday
morning.
They were killed in a brief clash with a task force of
the Third Army near Ban Li-saw Hua-nam, a Lisue village
in Mae Ai district, about 2km from the Thai-Burmese
border.
Maj-Gen Somboonkiat Sithidecha, head of the Pha Muang
task force, said security forces had been deployed near
Ban Li-saw Hua-nam following reports that the UWSA,
regarded as the largest drug trader in the Golden
Triangle area, planned to use the village as a transit
point.
The dead traffickers were among some 30 UWSA soldiers
escorting a drug caravan, he said. Their bodies were
found near the village. One 9mm pistol, an AK47 assault
rifle and several Chinese-made hand grenades were also
seized by the task force.
Ban Li-saw Hua-nam is about 3km from Ban San Ton Du, the
border checkpoint closed since August to stem the inflow
of illicit drugs and the export of general materials to
the Wa.
____________________________________________________________
BANGKOK POST: BURMESE INTRUDERS ARRESTED
March 9, 2000
Mae Hong Son
Five Burmese soldiers have been arrested on suspicion of
planning to sabotage Karen refugee camps, local
authorities said yesterday.
Three were arrested by a security force of Karen refugees
and volunteers yesterday morning while they were
trespassing on a refugee camp in Ban Mae Kongkha in Mae
Sarieng district, said district chief Saowalak
Yimrungrueng.
Mr Saowalak also serves as director of the Ban Mae
Kongkha refugee camp.
The three were identified as members of the 80th
battalion and reportedly entered Thailand in Sop Moey
district.
They denied the charges and said that they were defecting
from the military, local authorities said.
The other two soldiers were arrested by border rangers
near a checkpoint in Sop Moey district. They were
identified as members of the Burmese army's 338th rapid
deployment force.
All are now being detained at the 7th Infantry Regiment,
authorities said.
The arrests followed a report that more than 30 Burmese
troops were sent last month to Thailand to carry out
sabotage in refugee camps in the province.
Bangkok Post (Bangkok Post)
____________________________________________________________
BURMANET: HARVARD'S KENNEDY SCHOOL ADOPTS BURMA SELECTIVE PURCHASING
March 9, 2000
On March 7, Harvard University's Kennedy School Student
Government adopted a 'Free Burma Selective-Purchasing Policy'
whereby the student government will refuse to do business
with companies doing business in Burma. While the budget
of the student government is fairly limited, the significance
of the move is that it is a harbinger of an effort to
adopt a university wide selective purchasing policy
and to replicate the effort at enough universities
and community organizations to have an appreciable
economic impact on companies operating on the United
States.
The measure adopted at the Kennedy School, like
one adopted earlier by Georgetown University's law
school government differs from Burma resolutions
adopted at a number of universities in that it
has real, albeit limited, economic teeth. The
move also reflects a reaction to efforts by the
US business community to have selective purchasing
polices adopted by states and cities declared
unconstitutional. A case challenging the Massachusetts
Burma law will be argued at the US Supreme Court on
March 25th.
Should the Supreme Court strike down the Burma law,
student activists hope to be able to string together
enough selective purchasing polices by universities
and community organizations to replicate the economic
disincentive to invest in Burma that state and city
policies currently exert. The Supreme Court's
decision will only apply to local governments to
private universities, organizations and civic groups
will remain free to adopt Burma boycotts.
See below for the text of the KSSK Burma resolution.
____________________________________________________________
KYODO: MYANMAR TO PROVIDE ASSISTANCE TO LAOS
Wed 8 Mar 2000
BANGKOK, March 8 (Kyodo) -- Myanmar, one of the world's least
developed countries, has vowed to provide an assistance on
irrigation to Laos, its landlocked neighbor, according to
Laotian National Radio monitored in Bangkok on Wednesday.
The assistance to Laos was declared when Boungnang Vorachith,
Laotian deputy prime minister, made a visit to Myanmar on
March 6-8. He met several leaders of Myanmar's military junta,
including Than Shwe, prime minister, and Khin Nyunt, secretary
of the junta.
Myanmar will send experts to help construct irrigation systems
in the Laotian border-province Bokeo, but no time frame was
mentioned.
In a meeting between Boungnang and Khin Nyunt, leaders of the
two countries also agreed to strengthen cooperation on
transportation, border trade and narcotic suppression, the radio
said. The two countries have no conflicts and would help each
other in development to overcome economic difficulties, the
radio quoted the Myanmar leader as saying.
________________________ OTHER _____________________________
BURMANET: NPR RADIO TO AIR IN DEPTH PIECE ON UNOCAL PIPELINE FRIDAY
National Public Radio (US) will air an in depth piece on Unocal
and the Yadana natural gas pipeline in Burma on Friday evening's
news program, "All Things Considered." The piece, reported
by Daniel Zwerdling, will air Friday March 10th between
4:30-5:00pm EST.
The piece will be available to listeners outside the US
on NPR's website in RealAudio format. Look for it to be
up sometime Saturday. BurmaNet will carry a link to
the piece in the Sunday Weekend Edition.
Related links:
www.npr.org
www.americanradioworks.org
____________________________________________________________
TEXT OF KENNEDY SCHOOL STUDENT GOVERNMENT FREE BURMA RESOLUTION
Proposed By: Ricken Patel and Fu-Shoun Mao
This Student Government Notes:
1) That the Burmese military dictatorship is one of
the world's most repressive governments, and since 1990 has
engaged in torture, forcible relocation, forced labour and
slavery.
2) That the miltary dictatorship has ignored the 1990
landslide victory of the pro-democracy candidates, and has
killed, imprisoned or exiled many of those elected.
3) That the rightful government of Burma, including
exiled Prime Minister Sein Win and Aung San Suu Kyi have
called for sanctions to be imposed by the international
community upon the country.
This Student government further notes:
1) That the ILO and the USDL have reported the use of
slave labour in Burma on foreign-backed projects.
2) That Burmese universities have been closed for 7
of the last ten years, and that over 3000 students were
massacred in 1988 in a pro-democracy protest.
This Student Government Believes:
1) That neither the KSSG nor the Kennedy School nor
Harvard University should demonstrate any complicity with
the Burmese regime.
2) That Students should be aware of how their tuition
dollars may be supporting the Burmese regime.
3) That the KSSG, KSG and Harvard University should
show support for the Burmese democratic opposition.
Therefore, This Student Government Resolves:
Section 1
1) To call upon the Governing Board of the KSG and
Harvard University to require any corporations that provide
goods or services to the university to disclose ties with
Burma.
2) To use the Investor Responsibility Research
Center's report on Burma to determine which companies do
business in Burma.
Section 2
1) To call upon Harvard University to remove funds
from any bank or financial institution which has any
outstanding loans to Burma or any entity organized under the
laws of Burma.
Section 3
1) To call upon Harvard University to disinvest in
any companies or financial institutions listed in the IRRC's
report.
2) Notwithstanding the above resolution, to
understand that liquidation of investments may need to be
spread over a period of up to three years.
3) To call upon Harvard University to vote in favour
of shareholder resolutions which support the Free Burma
campaign.
Section 4
1) The KSSG shall not wherever possible purchase
goods and services from companies which do business with
Burma, and calls upon the KSG and Harvard University to
resolve the same.
Section 5
1) To educate the student body about the situation in
Burma, by requesting that the library purchase a copy of the
IRRC report on Burma, and by directing the KSSG executive
committee to support student groups involved in the Free
Burma campaign.
2) To direct the President to write to the US
Secretary of State, the Speaker of the House, and the
Majority Leader of the US Senate informing them of the
passage of this resolution and its content.
For more information on the KSG policy, contact:
Ricken Patel
Patelri@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
617-493-6549
Fu-Shoun Mao
MaoFuSh@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
________________
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