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Mizzima: The 2nd anniversary of CRP
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jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH jynfol?v$wfawmf udk,fpm;ðyaumfrDwD
(2)ESpfajrmuf ESpfywfvnfae?tcrf;tem; usif;yjcif;
pufwifbmv (16)&uf ouU&mZf 2000/ e,l;a'vD
jynfol?vGwfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrDwD zJG?pnf;jcif; txdrf;trSwf/
(2)Espfajrmufae? tcrf;tem;udk tdENd,EdkifiH/ e,l;a'vDòrd?&Sd
jrefrm&dyfomcef;rrSm 'Dae? ae?vnfydkif;u pnfum;odkufòrdufpGm usif;ycJhwm
awG?&ygw,f? tcrf;tem;udk jrefrmh'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkawGu
pkaygif;usif;y=uwmjzpfygw,f?
tcrf;tem;rSm jynfol?v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fawGjzpfwJh ppfudkif;wdkif;
ykvJòrd?e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)rS OD;oef;pdef/ csif;jynfe,f wGef;ZHòrd?
rJqENe,frS OD;xefvsef;aygif/ &cdkifjynfe,ff &aohawmifòrd?e,f
rJqENe,ftrSwf(1)rS OD;omEdk;/ t*Fylòrd?e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf(1)rS
OD;jr0if;eJ? ppfudkif;wdkif; ykvJòrd?e,f rJqEN e,ftrSwf (2)rS a'gufwm
OD;wifhaqGwdk?u obmywdawGtjzpf aqmif±Guf=u+yD;/ jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m
ausmif;om;rsm;tzJG?csKyfrS 'kOuUX udknDnDvGifu tcrf;tem;rª;tjzpf
aqmif±Gufwm awG?&ygw,f?
tcrf;tem;udk jrefrmEdkifiHawmftvH tav;ðyjcif;/ 'Drdkua&pDwkdufyJGtwGif;
usqHk;cJhwJh tmZmenf taygif;udk tav;ðyjcif;eJ?
EdkifiHawmfoDcsif;oDqdkjcif;rsm; ðyvkyf=u+yD; pwifzGifhvSpfcJhygw,f?
obmywdtzGifhrdef?cGef;udk OD;xefvsef;aygifuajym=um;&mrSm ?
jynfol?v$wfawmf udk,fpm;ðyaumf rDwDqdkwm jrefrmppftpdk;&rS v$wfawmf
rac:,lwma=umifh jynfolvlxkudk,fpm;/ (90)ckESpf a±G;aumufyJGrS
a±G;cs,fwifajr?mufvdkufwJh udk,fpm;vS,fawGudk,fpm;
zJG?pnf;xm;wmjzpfa=umif;/ wenf;tm;jzifh jynfol? ,m,Dtpdk;&jzpfa=umif;/
jynfolvlxkay;tyfxm;wJh wm0eft& rSefuefw&m;r#wr_r&SdwJh Oya'/ trdef?
awGudk z,fzsufbdk? jyifqifa&;qJGbdk? óud;pm;aewm[m
jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;twGufjzpfa=umif;/ jynfolvlxk udk,fpm;
vkyfoifhvkyfxdkufwJh udpPt00udk vkyfudkifae&mrSm rdrdwdk?tm;vHk;taeeJ?
us&mtcef;u¾uae awmifay:ajrjyef? vlrsKd;bmomrcJGjcm;yJ
pnf;pnf;vHk;vHk;eJ? tpGrf;ukef0dkif;0ef;yHhydk;oGm;=u&r,fhta=umif;?
wdkufwGef;ajymqdkoGm;cJhygw,f?
tdENd,a&muf jrefrmh'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkawG&J? xkwfjyefausnmcsufudk
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG? csKyf(vGwfajrmufe,fajr/ taemufzufa'o)/
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª; udkatmifjrifhausmfu zwf=um;cJhyg w,f? ausnmcsufxJrSm
?vuf&Sdtm%modrf; etzppftpdk;&[m jynfolvlxkqENt& jynfol?v$wfawmf
taxGaxGa±G;aumufyJGudk (1990)ckESpf arv (27)&ufae?rSm
usif;yay;cJha=umif;/ a±G;aumufyJG+yD;vdk? (10)ESpf ausmfvmcJhayr,fh
ppftpdk;&[m v$wfawmfac:,lusif;yjcif; tm%mv$Jajymif;ay;tyfjcif;
rvkyfcJha=umif;/ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (82)&mcdkifEH_;ausmf tEdkif&xm;wJh
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG?csKyf[m *ENDcef;r aus nmcsufrSm
v$wfawmfac:,lay;a&;/ vuf&SdEdkifiHa&;jy\emawGudk awG?qHkaqG;aEG;a&;twGuf
awmif;qdkcJhay r,fh ppftpdk;&u rvdkufavsmwJhtjyif
v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fawG ygwD0ifawG EdkifiHa&;orm; trsm;tjym; udk
twif;t=uyf zdtm;ay;E_wfxGufcdkif;jcif; zdESdyfjcif; zrf;qD;ta&;,ljcif;
axmifcsjcif;rsm; tqufrjywf ðyvkyfaecJha=umif;/ 'ghtjyif
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG?csKyf[m trsKd;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;eJ?
awG?qHkaqG; aEG;a&;twGuf t=urf;rzufEdkifiHa&;enf;oufoufeJ?
aqmif±GufaecJhayr,fh ppftpdk;uawmh tðyoabm rwkef?jyefyJ
zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fa&;enf;vrf;awGudkom usifhoHk;+yD; jrefrmjynfolvlxkeJ?
urBmh'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pk w&yfvHk;udkyg rav;rpm;ðyrlaew,f?vdk?
azmfjyxm;ygw,f?
'ghtjyif ?a±G;aumufyJG+yD;vdk? ±SpfESpfajrmufwJh (1998)ckESpfrSm
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG?csKyf acgif; aqmifawG[m ppftpdk;&udk =o*kwfv
(21)&ufae?rSm v$wfawmfac:,lay;bdk? awmif;qdkcJha=umif;/ v$wfawmf rac:yJ
tpnf;ta0;wufr,fh wjynfvHk;&Sd udk,fpm;vS,fawmfawGudk zrf;qD;cJha=umif;/
'Dae?txd aetdrf wGif; a'owGif; tus,fcsKyfcsxm;a=umif;/
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG?csKyf[m jynfol?qEN &vm'ft&vnf; aumif;
jynfol?v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (250)ausmf&J? v$Jtyfxm;wJh
tcGifhtm%mt&vnf;aumif; wkdif; &if;om; (4)ygwD yg0ifaxmufcHr_eJ?
jynfol?v$wfawmf udk,fpm;ðyaumfrDwDudk (1998)ckESpf pufwifbmv
(16)&ufrSmzJG?pnf;cJha=umif;/ aumfrDwD[m jynfol?qENudkumuG,fwJh
'Drdkua&pDudkudkifpJGwJh ordkif;0if zJG?pnf;r_ jzpfa=umif;?
qufvufazmfjyxm;ygw,f?
?'ga=umifhrdk? rdrdwdk?[m ppftpdk;&&J? jynfol?qENudk rsufuG,fðy
y,fzsufaewJh vkyf&yfawGeJ? ppf tm%m}uD;pdk;r_ qufvufxlaxmifvdkwJh
vkyf&yfawGudk qef?usifa=umif;/ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrDwD[m
jynfol?qENeJ? a±G;cs,fwifajr?mufxm;wJh w&m;0ifvkyfydkifcGifhudk
udk,fpm;ðywJhtjyif a±G;cs,fwifajr?mufcH&wJh
wdkif;&if;om;EdkifiHa&;ygwDawGu udk,fpm;vS,fawGudkyg
xnfhoGif;zJG?pnf;xm;wma=umifh trsKd;om; aoG;pnf; nDnGwfa&;udk
udk,fpm;ðya=umif;/ jrefrmEdkifiHrSm ppftm%m&Sifpepf zsufodrf;a&;twGuf
wkdufyJG0if&mrSm jynfol?v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðy aumfrDwDudk
qufvufaxmufcH&if;eJ? óud;yrf;oGm;rSmjzpfa=umif;/ jrefrmjynfol awGudk
(21)&mpkacwfopfrSm 'Drdkua&pD&mpkESpftjzpf awG?óuHcHpm;apvdkwJh
qENa=umifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðy aumfrDwD&J? OD;aqmifr_udkcH,l+yD;
EdkifiHwum 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkawGeJ? vufwJG+yD; 'Drdkua&pDatmifyJG&wJh
txd qxufxrf;ydk; óud;yrf;tm;xkwfoGm;r,fhta=umif;?
oH"dXmefðya&;om;xm;+yD; ?1990jynfhESpf a±G; aumufyJG &vm'fudk
av;pm;bdk?/ rw&m;zrf;qD;xm;wJh EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGudk c|if;csufr&Sd
v$wfay;bdk?/ jynfol?v$wfawmf tjrefqHk;ac:,l+yD; EdkifiHawmftm%mudk
v$Jajymif;ay;bdk?? etzppftpdk;&udk awmif;qdk xm;wm awG?&ygw,f?
tcrf;tem;wufa&mufvmwJh tzJG?tpnf;toD;oD;uvnf;
?v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrDwDudk qufvufaxmufcHoGm;r,fhta=umif;/
vkyfief;&yfawGrSm 0dkif;&HyHhydk;oGm;r,fhta=umif;? o0%fv$mzwf=um;
=uygw,f?
obmywdwOD;jzpfwJh a'gufwmwifhaqGu ?jynfol?v$wfawmf udk,fpm;ðyaumfrDwDrS
'Drdkua&pD tajccHrlawG csrSwfjcif;/ &Sd+yD;om; Oya' pnf;urf;
'Du&DawGtay: 'Drdkua&pDusifhpOfeJ? udkufnDr_ &Sd r&Sd jyef
vnfoHk;oyfjcif;/ ppftpdk;&rl0g'awGtay: a0zefaxmufjyjcif;eJ?
EdkifiHwumvkyfief;&yfawG aqmif±Gufaejcif; wdk?udk &Sif;vif;wifjycJh+yD;
aumfrDwDudk jynfwGif;jynfy&Sd tzJG?tpnf;toD;oD;rS todtrSwfðyr_ axmufcHr_
rSwfwrf;wifr_awGta=umif;eJ? etzppftpdk;&rS
rrSefruefwkef?jyefaer_awGta=umif;? tusOf;csKyfwifjy oGm;cJhygw,f?
obmywdtzJG?0if OD;jr0if;uvnf; ?'Drdkua&pDta&;udk aqmif±Guf&mrSm
(1990)ckESpf taxGaxG a±G;aumufyJGESifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrDwD
w&m;0ifr_/ 'Drdkua&pDa&;wdkufyJGtwGif; trsKd;rsKd; pGef?v$wf
tepfemcH+yD; ay;qyfcJhwJh tmZmenfol&Jaumif;awGeJ? jynfolvlxk&J?
rsuf&nf=um;u ar#mfvifhcsufrsufESm awGudk ESvHk;oGif;+yD;
qufvufwdkufyJG0ifoGm;oifha=umif;/ (21)&mpkrSm urBm}uD;[m
'Drdkua&pDvrf;a=umif; ay: av#mufvSrf;vmae+yDrdk? jrefrmEdkifiH[mvnf;
udk,fusKd;pD;yGm;tay:tajccHwJh ppftm%m&Sifpepf[m
rvJGraoGusqHk;&rSmjzpfa=umif;/ udkvdkeD t*Fvdyfe,fcsJ?vufatmuf
(1920)ckESpf yxrausmif;om;oydwfrSm vdk &v'frodEdkifwJhtcsdefrSmawmif
w&m;r#wwJhwdkufyJGtwGuf ,Hk=unf&nfrSef;csuftwdkif; aemufjyefrvSJ? pwef;
wdkufyJG0ifcJha=umif;/ 'Dae?'Dtcsdefvdk atmifyJG&v'fudk aocsmodaerSawmh
b,fvdkenf;eJ?rS ZJGvHk?v ravsmhyJ atmifyJGqDudk
ta&mufvSrf;&r,fhta=umif;? wdkufwGef;tm;ay;pum; ajym=um;cJhygw,f?
trsKd;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzJG?csKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr-taemufzufa'o)rS
OD;&rf;r*sD;u ?'Drdkua&pD wdkufyJGrSm jynfwGif;u jynfolvlxktiftm;[m
t"duta&;yga=umif;/ jynfolvlxk}uD;taeeJ? (90)ckESpf a±G;aumufyJGrSm
rJay;+yD;±HkeJ? wm0efaus+yDvdk? rrSwf,loifha=umif;/
tcGifhta&;tusKd;tjrwftwGuf xdkuf wefwJh wm0ef,lr_t&if;tESD;
&Sd&rSmjzpfa=umif;?wdkufwGef;ajym=um;oGm;ygw,f?
jynfol?v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfol obmywdtzJG?0if OD;oef;pdefuvnf;
?v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðy aumfrDwDudk udk,fpGrf;^m%fpGrf;&Sdor#
0dkif;0ef;yHhydk;=u&r,fhta=umif;/ rGefjrwfrSefuefwJhtvkyfudk vkyfwJhtcg
pdwf"gwfa&;&mcdkifrm wufºuGbdk?vdktyfa=umif;/ eD;uyfae+yDjzpfwJh
&nfrSef;csufyef;wdkiftwGuf tm;oGefcGef pdkuf
vkyfudkifae=u&rSmjzpfa=umif;/ &efolppftkyfpktaeeJ? todynm
enf;ynm&yfawGeJ? jynfwGif;jynfy axmufcHr_ vHk;0r&SdwJh
tkyfpkwpkomjzpfa=umif;/ r=umcifrSm rdrdwdk?
atmifyJGqifEdkifawmhrSmjzpfa=umif;/
v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrDwDta=umif;udk jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;
us,fus,fjyef?jyef? em;vnfod&Sd+yD; 0dkif;0ef; vufwJG
vkyfudkifoGm;a&;twGuf usKd;pm;=u&rSmjzpfa=umif;? pdwf0ifpm;bG,f&m
wifjywdkufwGef;oGm;cJhyg w,f?
&cdkiftrsKd;om; v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwOD;jzpfwJh obmywdtzJG?0if
OD;omEdk;u tcrf;tem;ydwf rdef?cGef;udk ajym=um;&mrSm?rdrdwdk?rSm
jynfolvlxka±G;cs,fxm;wJh ygwDawG acgif;aqmifawG&Sda=umif;/ 'DygwD awG
acgif;aqmifawGaemufrSm urBmhjynfolawG&J?axmufcHr_ tjynfh&Sda=umif;/
rSefuefwJhwdkufyJG qifEGJae ovdk urBmay:rSm tm%m&SifawG
usqHk;ae=u+yDjzpfwma=umifh rvGJaoGatmifyJGcH=urSmjzpfa=umif;? pdwf"gwf
wufºuGbG,f&m ajym=um;cJhwmawG?&ygw,f?
tcrf;tem;udk wufa&mufvm=uwJh 'Drdkua&pDwdkufyJG0if &Jabmf/
&JarawG&J??'Drdkua&pD&&Sda&;/ v$wfawmfac:,la&;/
EdkifiHa&;tusOfom;rsm;v$wfay;a&;/ ta&;awmfyHkatmif&rnf?qdkwJh
aºuG;a=umfoHawG eJ? atmifatmifjrifjrif usif;yEdkifcJha=umif;
owif;ay;ydk?vkdufygw,f?
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<font face="Wwin_Burmese">jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH jynfol?v$wfawmf udk,fpm;ðyaumfrDwD</font>
<br><font face="Wwin_Burmese">(2)ESpfajrmuf ESpfywfvnfae?tcrf;tem; usif;yjcif;</font>
<p><font face="Wwin_Burmese"> pufwifbmv (16)&uf ouU&mZf 2000/
e,l;a'vD</font>
<br><font face="Wwin_Burmese"> jynfol?vGwfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrDwD
zJG?pnf;jcif; txdrf;trSwf/ (2)Espfajrmufae? tcrf;tem;udk tdENd,EdkifiH/
e,l;a'vDòrd?&Sd jrefrm&dyfomcef;rrSm 'Dae? ae?vnfydkif;u
pnfum;odkufòrdufpGm usif;ycJhwm awG?&ygw,f? tcrf;tem;udk jrefrmh'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkawGu
pkaygif;usif;y=uwmjzpfygw,f?</font>
<br><font face="Wwin_Burmese"> tcrf;tem;rSm jynfol?v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fawGjzpfwJh
ppfudkif;wdkif; ykvJòrd?e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)rS OD;oef;pdef/ csif;jynfe,f
wGef;ZHòrd? rJqENe,frS OD;xefvsef;aygif/ &cdkifjynfe,ff &aohawmifòrd?e,f
rJqENe,ftrSwf(1)rS OD;omEdk;/ t*Fylòrd?e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf(1)rS OD;jr0if;eJ?
ppfudkif;wdkif; ykvJòrd?e,f rJqEN e,ftrSwf (2)rS a'gufwm OD;wifhaqGwdk?u
obmywdawGtjzpf aqmif±Guf=u+yD;/ jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;tzJG?csKyfrS
'kOuUX udknDnDvGifu tcrf;tem;rª;tjzpf aqmif±Gufwm awG?&ygw,f?</font>
<br><font face="Wwin_Burmese"> tcrf;tem;udk jrefrmEdkifiHawmftvH tav;ðyjcif;/
'Drdkua&pDwkdufyJGtwGif; usqHk;cJhwJh tmZmenf taygif;udk tav;ðyjcif;eJ?
EdkifiHawmfoDcsif;oDqdkjcif;rsm; ðyvkyf=u+yD; pwifzGifhvSpfcJhygw,f?</font>
<br><font face="Wwin_Burmese"> obmywdtzGifhrdef?cGef;udk OD;xefvsef;aygifuajym=um;&mrSm
? jynfol?v$wfawmf udk,fpm;ðyaumf rDwDqdkwm jrefrmppftpdk;&rS v$wfawmf
rac:,lwma=umifh jynfolvlxkudk,fpm;/ (90)ckESpf a±G;aumufyJGrS a±G;cs,fwifajr?mufvdkufwJh
udk,fpm;vS,fawGudk,fpm; zJG?pnf;xm;wmjzpfa=umif;/ wenf;tm;jzifh jynfol?
,m,Dtpdk;&jzpfa=umif;/ jynfolvlxkay;tyfxm;wJh wm0eft& rSefuefw&m;r#wr_r&SdwJh
Oya'/ trdef? awGudk z,fzsufbdk? jyifqifa&;qJGbdk? óud;pm;aewm[m
jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;twGufjzpfa=umif;/ jynfolvlxk udk,fpm; vkyfoifhvkyfxdkufwJh
udpPt00udk vkyfudkifae&mrSm rdrdwdk?tm;vHk;taeeJ? us&mtcef;u¾uae
awmifay:ajrjyef? vlrsKd;bmomrcJGjcm;yJ pnf;pnf;vHk;vHk;eJ? tpGrf;ukef0dkif;0ef;yHhydk;oGm;=u&r,fhta=umif;?
wdkufwGef;ajymqdkoGm;cJhygw,f?</font>
<br><font face="Wwin_Burmese"> tdENd,a&muf jrefrmh'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkawG&J?
xkwfjyefausnmcsufudk trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG? csKyf(vGwfajrmufe,fajr/
taemufzufa'o)/ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª; udkatmifjrifhausmfu zwf=um;cJhyg
w,f? ausnmcsufxJrSm ?vuf&Sdtm%modrf; etzppftpdk;&[m jynfolvlxkqENt&
jynfol?v$wfawmf taxGaxGa±G;aumufyJGudk (1990)ckESpf arv (27)&ufae?rSm
usif;yay;cJha=umif;/ a±G;aumufyJG+yD;vdk? (10)ESpf ausmfvmcJhayr,fh
ppftpdk;&[m v$wfawmfac:,lusif;yjcif; tm%mv$Jajymif;ay;tyfjcif; rvkyfcJha=umif;/
v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (82)&mcdkifEH_;ausmf tEdkif&xm;wJh trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG?csKyf[m
*ENDcef;r aus nmcsufrSm v$wfawmfac:,lay;a&;/ vuf&SdEdkifiHa&;jy\emawGudk
awG?qHkaqG;aEG;a&;twGuf awmif;qdkcJhay r,fh ppftpdk;&u rvdkufavsmwJhtjyif
v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fawG ygwD0ifawG EdkifiHa&;orm; trsm;tjym; udk twif;t=uyf
zdtm;ay;E_wfxGufcdkif;jcif; zdESdyfjcif; zrf;qD;ta&;,ljcif; axmifcsjcif;rsm;
tqufrjywf ðyvkyfaecJha=umif;/ 'ghtjyif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG?csKyf[m
trsKd;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;eJ? awG?qHkaqG; aEG;a&;twGuf t=urf;rzufEdkifiHa&;enf;oufoufeJ?
aqmif±GufaecJhayr,fh ppftpdk;uawmh tðyoabm rwkef?jyefyJ zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fa&;enf;vrf;awGudkom
usifhoHk;+yD; jrefrmjynfolvlxkeJ? urBmh'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pk w&yfvHk;udkyg
rav;rpm;ðyrlaew,f?vdk? azmfjyxm;ygw,f?</font>
<br><font face="Wwin_Burmese"> 'ghtjyif ?a±G;aumufyJG+yD;vdk?
±SpfESpfajrmufwJh (1998)ckESpfrSm trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG?csKyf
acgif; aqmifawG[m ppftpdk;&udk =o*kwfv (21)&ufae?rSm v$wfawmfac:,lay;bdk?
awmif;qdkcJha=umif;/ v$wfawmf rac:yJ tpnf;ta0;wufr,fh wjynfvHk;&Sd
udk,fpm;vS,fawmfawGudk zrf;qD;cJha=umif;/ 'Dae?txd aetdrf wGif; a'owGif;
tus,fcsKyfcsxm;a=umif;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG?csKyf[m jynfol?qEN
&vm'ft&vnf; aumif; jynfol?v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (250)ausmf&J?
v$Jtyfxm;wJh tcGifhtm%mt&vnf;aumif; wkdif; &if;om; (4)ygwD yg0ifaxmufcHr_eJ?
jynfol?v$wfawmf udk,fpm;ðyaumfrDwDudk (1998)ckESpf pufwifbmv (16)&ufrSmzJG?pnf;cJha=umif;/
aumfrDwD[m jynfol?qENudkumuG,fwJh 'Drdkua&pDudkudkifpJGwJh ordkif;0if
zJG?pnf;r_ jzpfa=umif;? qufvufazmfjyxm;ygw,f?</font>
<br><font face="Wwin_Burmese"> ?'ga=umifhrdk? rdrdwdk?[m ppftpdk;&&J?
jynfol?qENudk rsufuG,fðy y,fzsufaewJh vkyf&yfawGeJ? ppf tm%m}uD;pdk;r_
qufvufxlaxmifvdkwJh vkyf&yfawGudk qef?usifa=umif;/ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrDwD[m
jynfol?qENeJ? a±G;cs,fwifajr?mufxm;wJh w&m;0ifvkyfydkifcGifhudk
udk,fpm;ðywJhtjyif a±G;cs,fwifajr?mufcH&wJh wdkif;&if;om;EdkifiHa&;ygwDawGu
udk,fpm;vS,fawGudkyg xnfhoGif;zJG?pnf;xm;wma=umifh trsKd;om; aoG;pnf; nDnGwfa&;udk
udk,fpm;ðya=umif;/ jrefrmEdkifiHrSm ppftm%m&Sifpepf zsufodrf;a&;twGuf
wkdufyJG0if&mrSm jynfol?v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðy aumfrDwDudk qufvufaxmufcH&if;eJ?
óud;yrf;oGm;rSmjzpfa=umif;/ jrefrmjynfol awGudk (21)&mpkacwfopfrSm
'Drdkua&pD&mpkESpftjzpf awG?óuHcHpm;apvdkwJh qENa=umifh
v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðy aumfrDwD&J? OD;aqmifr_udkcH,l+yD; EdkifiHwum
'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkawGeJ? vufwJG+yD; 'Drdkua&pDatmifyJG&wJh
txd qxufxrf;ydk; óud;yrf;tm;xkwfoGm;r,fhta=umif;? oH"dXmefðya&;om;xm;+yD;
?1990jynfhESpf a±G; aumufyJG &vm'fudk av;pm;bdk?/ rw&m;zrf;qD;xm;wJh
EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGudk c|if;csufr&Sd v$wfay;bdk?/ jynfol?v$wfawmf
tjrefqHk;ac:,l+yD; EdkifiHawmftm%mudk v$Jajymif;ay;bdk?? etzppftpdk;&udk
awmif;qdk xm;wm awG?&ygw,f?</font>
<br><font face="Wwin_Burmese"> tcrf;tem;wufa&mufvmwJh tzJG?tpnf;toD;oD;uvnf;
?v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrDwDudk qufvufaxmufcHoGm;r,fhta=umif;/ vkyfief;&yfawGrSm
0dkif;&HyHhydk;oGm;r,fhta=umif;? o0%fv$mzwf=um; =uygw,f?</font>
<br><font face="Wwin_Burmese"> obmywdwOD;jzpfwJh a'gufwmwifhaqGu ?jynfol?v$wfawmf
udk,fpm;ðyaumfrDwDrS 'Drdkua&pD tajccHrlawG csrSwfjcif;/ &Sd+yD;om;
Oya' pnf;urf; 'Du&DawGtay: 'Drdkua&pDusifhpOfeJ? udkufnDr_ &Sd
r&Sd jyef vnfoHk;oyfjcif;/ ppftpdk;&rl0g'awGtay: a0zefaxmufjyjcif;eJ?
EdkifiHwumvkyfief;&yfawG aqmif±Gufaejcif; wdk?udk &Sif;vif;wifjycJh+yD;
aumfrDwDudk jynfwGif;jynfy&Sd tzJG?tpnf;toD;oD;rS todtrSwfðyr_
axmufcHr_ rSwfwrf;wifr_awGta=umif;eJ? etzppftpdk;&rS rrSefruefwkef?jyefaer_awGta=umif;?
tusOf;csKyfwifjy oGm;cJhygw,f?</font>
<br><font face="Wwin_Burmese"> obmywdtzJG?0if OD;jr0if;uvnf; ?'Drdkua&pDta&;udk
aqmif±Guf&mrSm (1990)ckESpf taxGaxG a±G;aumufyJGESifh
v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrDwD w&m;0ifr_/ 'Drdkua&pDa&;wdkufyJGtwGif;
trsKd;rsKd; pGef?v$wf tepfemcH+yD; ay;qyfcJhwJh tmZmenfol&Jaumif;awGeJ?
jynfolvlxk&J? rsuf&nf=um;u ar#mfvifhcsufrsufESm awGudk ESvHk;oGif;+yD;
qufvufwdkufyJG0ifoGm;oifha=umif;/ (21)&mpkrSm urBm}uD;[m 'Drdkua&pDvrf;a=umif;
ay: av#mufvSrf;vmae+yDrdk? jrefrmEdkifiH[mvnf; udk,fusKd;pD;yGm;tay:tajccHwJh
ppftm%m&Sifpepf[m rvJGraoGusqHk;&rSmjzpfa=umif;/ udkvdkeD t*Fvdyfe,fcsJ?vufatmuf
(1920)ckESpf yxrausmif;om;oydwfrSm vdk &v'frodEdkifwJhtcsdefrSmawmif
w&m;r#wwJhwdkufyJGtwGuf ,Hk=unf&nfrSef;csuftwdkif; aemufjyefrvSJ?
pwef; wdkufyJG0ifcJha=umif;/ 'Dae?'Dtcsdefvdk atmifyJG&v'fudk aocsmodaerSawmh
b,fvdkenf;eJ?rS ZJGvHk?v ravsmhyJ atmifyJGqDudk ta&mufvSrf;&r,fhta=umif;?
wdkufwGef;tm;ay;pum; ajym=um;cJhygw,f?</font>
<br><font face="Wwin_Burmese"> trsKd;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzJG?csKyf
(vGwfajrmufe,fajr-taemufzufa'o)rS OD;&rf;r*sD;u ?'Drdkua&pD wdkufyJGrSm
jynfwGif;u jynfolvlxktiftm;[m t"duta&;yga=umif;/ jynfolvlxk}uD;taeeJ?
(90)ckESpf a±G;aumufyJGrSm rJay;+yD;±HkeJ? wm0efaus+yDvdk?
rrSwf,loifha=umif;/ tcGifhta&;tusKd;tjrwftwGuf xdkuf wefwJh wm0ef,lr_t&if;tESD;
&Sd&rSmjzpfa=umif;?wdkufwGef;ajym=um;oGm;ygw,f?</font>
<br><font face="Wwin_Burmese"> jynfol?v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfol obmywdtzJG?0if
OD;oef;pdefuvnf; ?v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðy aumfrDwDudk udk,fpGrf;^m%fpGrf;&Sdor#
0dkif;0ef;yHhydk;=u&r,fhta=umif;/ rGefjrwfrSefuefwJhtvkyfudk vkyfwJhtcg
pdwf"gwfa&;&mcdkifrm wufºuGbdk?vdktyfa=umif;/ eD;uyfae+yDjzpfwJh
&nfrSef;csufyef;wdkiftwGuf tm;oGefcGef pdkuf vkyfudkifae=u&rSmjzpfa=umif;/
&efolppftkyfpktaeeJ? todynm enf;ynm&yfawGeJ? jynfwGif;jynfy axmufcHr_
vHk;0r&SdwJh tkyfpkwpkomjzpfa=umif;/ r=umcifrSm rdrdwdk? atmifyJGqifEdkifawmhrSmjzpfa=umif;/
v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrDwDta=umif;udk jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk; us,fus,fjyef?jyef?
em;vnfod&Sd+yD; 0dkif;0ef; vufwJG vkyfudkifoGm;a&;twGuf usKd;pm;=u&rSmjzpfa=umif;?
pdwf0ifpm;bG,f&m wifjywdkufwGef;oGm;cJhyg w,f?</font>
<br><font face="Wwin_Burmese"> &cdkiftrsKd;om; v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwOD;jzpfwJh
obmywdtzJG?0if OD;omEdk;u tcrf;tem;ydwf rdef?cGef;udk ajym=um;&mrSm?rdrdwdk?rSm
jynfolvlxka±G;cs,fxm;wJh ygwDawG acgif;aqmifawG&Sda=umif;/ 'DygwD
awG acgif;aqmifawGaemufrSm urBmhjynfolawG&J?axmufcHr_ tjynfh&Sda=umif;/
rSefuefwJhwdkufyJG qifEGJae ovdk urBmay:rSm tm%m&SifawG usqHk;ae=u+yDjzpfwma=umifh
rvGJaoGatmifyJGcH=urSmjzpfa=umif;? pdwf"gwf wufºuGbG,f&m ajym=um;cJhwmawG?&ygw,f?</font>
<br><font face="Wwin_Burmese"> tcrf;tem;udk wufa&mufvm=uwJh 'Drdkua&pDwdkufyJG0if
&Jabmf/ &JarawG&J??'Drdkua&pD&&Sda&;/ v$wfawmfac:,la&;/
EdkifiHa&;tusOfom;rsm;v$wfay;a&;/ ta&;awmfyHkatmif&rnf?qdkwJh
aºuG;a=umfoHawG eJ? atmifatmifjrifjrif usif;yEdkifcJha=umif; owif;ay;ydk?vkdufygw,f?</font>
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