BurmaNet News: October 17, 2000

[strider@xxxxxxxxxxx]

______________ THE BURMANET NEWS ______________
        An on-line newspaper covering Burma 
_________October 17, 2000   Issue # 1642__________

INSIDE BURMA _______
*Reuters: British activist knows Myanmar return ``unwise''
*AFP: Detained Myanmar journalist close to death, watchdog says 
*AFP: Myanmar vows one million tourists in 2001 
*Karen National Union: Forced Portering A Daily Burden
*All Burma Federation of Students Unions: The haphazard education system 
of SPDC
*Shan Herald Agency for News: Junta invites Shans to "exchange arms for 
peace" 

REGIONAL/INTERNATIONAL _______
*AP: UN Refugee Chief Shocked at Camp Conditions
*ABC online: US drugs director doubts Burma's ability to end drug 
manufacture
*AFP: EU seeks to play political catch-up in East Asia 

OPINION/EDITORIALS _______
*Stratfor: Battling for Power in Myanmar

The BurmaNet News is viewable online at:
http://theburmanetnews.editthispage.com


__________________ INSIDE BURMA ____________________
	



Reuters: British activist knows Myanmar return ``unwise''

By Simon Gardner 
 LONDON, Oct 17 (Reuters) - The parents of a British activist due to be 
freed early from a 17-year jail sentence in Myanmar said on Tuesday he 
knows it would be ``unwise'' to return. 

 However David and Diana Mawdsley said they did not speak for their 
27-year-old son James, a determing campaigner for democracy in the Asian 
country formerly called Burma. 

 The Myanmar government said unexpectedly on Monday it would deport 
Mawdsley ``as soon as possible'' just 13 months into his sentence. 

 ``We hope he will be back by Thursday, but we just don't know,'' David 
Mawdsley told Reuters. ``I hope he won't go back. I hope he will 
continue to lobby (for democracy there) from a distance. But James will 
announce his own plans.'' 

 ``I think that he knows that it would be unwise (to return) while this 
regime remains in power,'' his mother Diana added. ``But I do know he 
will never leave (the cause of) this country. He will always work for 
Burma.'' 

 Mawdsley, jailed in September 1999 for possessing anti-government 
leaflets in Tachilek on the Thai-Myanmar border, had been arrested in 
the former Burma twice before. The Foreign Office in London said on 
Monday his release was ``unconditional.'' 

 ``The impression I was given before he went over a year ago was this 
would be his last visit,'' his father added. ``He's certainly achieved 
what he set out to achieve.'' 

 ``If he goes back a fourth time, I don't think that would be acceptable 
to the family or the groups who helped campaign for his release.'' 

 MAWDSLEY'S RELEASE A SURPRISE 

 Myanmar's military junta on Tuesday confirmed it would release 
Mawdsley, giving no reason, but diplomats in Yangon said there was no 
sign the regime's crackdown on Nobel laureate Aung San Suu Kyi's 
pro-democracy opposition was waning. 

 The diplomats said the move appeared to be a repsonse to pressure from 
other Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) members angry at 
the Myanmar regime's impact on trade in the region. 

 Mawdsley's imprisonment in solitary confinement also faced widespread 
criticism from the international community and the United Nations for 
holding him arbitrarily. 

 Last month Britain lodged a stern protest with Myanmar's ambassador to 
London over reports that Mawdsley had been badly beaten by prison guards 
and left with a broken nose and two black eyes -- which Myanmar denied. 

 British junior foreign minister John Battle said on Tuesday he was 
``relieved that the Burmese regime has recognised that there is no 
justification in keeping James in prison and has decided to deport him 
as soon as possible.'' 

 Pro-democracy and human rights groups meanwhile urged the international 
community to keep pressuring Myanmar. 

 ``The job's only half done in terms of what James went there for,'' 
said Mark Rowland of the UK-based Jubilee Campaign acitivist group, to 
which Mawdsley belongs. 

 ``He went to challenge ths suppression of democracy and put an end to 
the continuing genocide against ethnic minorities. The atrocities there 
are growing and they are more barbaric than anyone can describe.'' 

 Suu Kyi's opposition National League for Democracy (NLD) won elections 
in 1990 by a landslide but has never been allowed to govern, and 
Myanmar's junta cracks down severely on any dissent. 





____________________________________________________


AFP: Detained Myanmar journalist close to death, watchdog says 


BANGKOK, Oct 17 (AFP) - A Myanmar opposition journalist who has been 
detained without trial since May 1996 is close to death after suffering 
two heart attacks, Reporters Sans Frontieres said Tuesday. 

 Soe Thein, 55, who is also a member of the opposition National League 
for Democracy (NLD), was hospitalised at the end of September in Yangon 
after a second heart attack, the France-based watchdog said in a 
statement received Tuesday. 

 According to friends and family, Soe Thein, who suffered his first 
heart attack in July 1997, is dying, Reporters Sans Frontiere added, 
saying it was "very concerned" about the state of his health. 

 The watchdog has called on the Myanmar military junta to "make every 
effort to release the journalist immediately so he receives the 
necessary care." 

 Three Myanmar journalists have died in detention in the past 10 years, 
and at least 12 others are currently held in Myanmar jails, according to 
the French organisation. 

 The NLD, headed by Nobel laureate Aung San Suu Kyi, won legislative 
elections 10 years ago, but the junta has refused to accept the results 
and hand over power, and the elected parliament has never met. 





____________________________________________________


AFP: Myanmar vows one million tourists in 2001 


BANGKOK, Oct 17 (AFP) - Myanmar officials Tuesday vowed to increase the 
number of tourists visiting the country by 10 times to one million 
within a year. 

 At the Myanmar Travel Show in Bangkok, part of a stepped up campaign by 
Yangon to attract tourist revenue, officials said they wanted to raise 
tourist-related income to more than 200 million dollars. 

 But the show, held in a Bangkok hotel, drew little walk-in traffic, 
with many of the airlines, hotels and tour operators that set up booths 
shutting down early, an AFP reporter saw.
 
 Several tour operators doubted Myanmar would even come close to its 
target. 

 Western human rights group vehemently oppose efforts to promote tourism 
in Myanmar, saying the increased revenue bolsters the ruling military 
junta. 

 Western governments have also imposed sanctions on Myanmar over its 
human rights record and refusal to hand over power to Aung San Suu Kyi, 
whose National League for Democracy won an overwhelming election victory 
in 1990. 

 Aung San Suu Kyi is also staunchly opposed to the development of the 
tourism industry, although elements within her National League for 
Democracy disagree with her stand. 

 Myanmar attracted 114,000 visitors during the fiscal year 1999-2000. 

 Representatives of several airlines at the show said they believed the 
recent opening of a new international airport in the northern city of 
Mandalay would boost the industry.
 
 Thailand and Myanmar recently renewed a pact to boost tourism between 
the two countries under which Thailand will offer Myanmar marketing 
assistance and training for travel professionals. 

 A Thai tourist official said Myanmar lacked the necessary 
infrastructure for large scale tourism. 

 "We have stressed to the government of Myanmar the need for ongoing 
infrastructure development which will provide a stronger base for 
tourism growth," he said. 


____________________________________________________


Karen National Union: Forced Portering A Daily Burden

Mergui-Tavoy District Information Department


14 October, 2000

Includes Situation Report on Yebone village 
 
Forced Portering is A Daily Burden
 

[Tenasserim Division, Burma] Burma Army forced villagers in Pawklo 
(Banchaung) and Kamothwe (Kamaungthwe) area in the east of Tavoy to 
transport military food supply to their frontline camps starting from 
the mid of August, 2000, said a local villager from Kawpaw who arrived 
to the Thai-Burma border on September 1, 2000.  
 

According to him, in August, 2000 Burma Army' Operation Commanding HQ 
No.8 ordered its Tactical Command No.2, to take responsible to transport 
more than 1332 sacks of rice, (One sacks = 50 Kg.), 5749 meat can (one 
meat can = 1 ounce) from Myitta village to deserted Karen village Kwe 
Waw Wa where their force camped. Those food supplies for three months 
ration for their frontline troops at Thuka border area. 
 

On August 19, 2000 military trucks loaded with food arrived to Myitta 
village. The food supply was for their frontline force in Tenasserim 
Riverside and Thai-Burma border. To transport those food supply Burma 
Army's Tactical Command No.2, Commander Major Nay Lay forced the 
villagers from Paungdaw village tract's in Pawklo (Banchaung) area and 
Kaw Paw (Myaykanbaw) village tract in Kamothwe area. He demanded 20 
engine boats from the Paungdaw village tract and 20 engine boats from 
Kawpaw village tract to transport those food supplies through the 
Tenasserim River. According to the order, the village elder must send 20 
engine boats on August 20, 2000 without absent. The villagers have to 
bear the cost of fuel and transportation expenses. Besides this that 
commander demanded five people each from local villages to transport 
those food supply. Those who do not want to serve have to pay 5,000 Kyat 
(about US$ 11.90) for their substitution or hiring someone. (Note: 1 US$ 
= 400-420 Kyat at cross border trade rate. Minimum wag for a day = 
200-500 Kyat. Minimum wage for civil servant for one month = 1500 Kyat.) 

 

Villagers have to carry food from Myitta to Kwee Waw Wa village, which 
took one days walked by foot. Some boats transport those military food 
supplies attacked by KNU soldiers on their way and the KNU soldiers 
destroyed the foods they are transporting. For the boat owners who have 
to transport the military food and were destroyed their concern village 
has to take responsible and repay Burma Army for the cost of food that 
was destroyed. Besides this if there are some accident on their way and 
they lose the food their concern village have to be compensated by the 
army.  
 

Villagers in the east of Tavoy were continuously forced to transport 
military food supply to the frontline by Burma Army. The demands of 
forced portering, porter fees became a weekly, monthly burden for the 
local villagers. The situation came worse when Burma Army launched 
offensives against KNU Mergui-Tavoy District in 1997 and occupied its 
HQ. All the Karen villages in Tenasserim Riverside were destroyed during 
those offensives and some villages in the east of Tavoy were forcibly 
relocated by Burma Army to their controlled area. Most analysis has 
found that Burma Army's offensive in 1997 is to secure Yadana gas 
pipeline and their economic development purposes.  
 

Situation Report on Yebone village
9.10.2000

 

Forced Labour

As it close to the end of rainy season SPDC's Light Infantry Battalion 
408 headquarter near number 1 rubber plantation In Yebone township 
demanded bamboo's and labourers from Yebone village in the beginning of 
October, 2000 to substitute the obstacle fencing outside their 
headquarter compound barbwire fencing with the new one. Yebone Township 
has about 90 households and it situated in Yebone Township, Tavoy 
district in the northern part of Tenasserim division. 
 

As demanded from LIB 408, village PDC chairman Oo Thein Aung had ordered 
his village to provide 100 bamboos per household and send to LIB 408 
headquarter without absent. More over one person per household must go 
and work to the new fencing construction such as searching and providing 
of log post for fencing, splitting the bamboo and fixing it as directed 
to become a new fencing. It included site clearing for the outer 
perimeter of the compound. The whole task will took at least 10 days and 
if the responsible household could not provide the bamboo by themselves 
they much purchase it from those who able with 10 kyats per piece. Also 
those who absent to go and work at the site must pay 500 kyat (about US$ 
1.25) kyats for substitution. 
 

In Yebone village, ever the military do not conscript the military 
porters they used to demand villagers to go and work for their rice 
plantations, timber felling, rattan collecting, planting the rubber 
saplings, cashew saplings in their military plantations, supply raw 
materials for their brick kilns, charcoal kilns etc:. Those who absent 
to go and work have to pay 500 kyats per day for substitution. 
 

Extortion

Started from the month of June, 2000, with the order from coastal 
Military command all the Karen village within Yebone township have to 
organize village militia units and Yebone as a Karen village also had 
organized a 10 men village militia according to village PDC chairman 
instruction and chairman Oo Thein Aung is leading the 10 men unit for 
the village. After that chairman as well as militia leader Oo Thein Aung 
said that to provide salary for the villager militias he had demanded 
every household to pay 700 (about US$ 1.75) kyats every month. (Note: 1 
US$ = 400-420 Kyat at cross border trade rate. Minimum wag for a day = 
200-500 Kyat. Minimum wage for civil servant for one month = 1500 Kyat.) 

 

 




____________________________________________________



All Burma Federation of Students Unions: The haphazard education system 
of SPDC

Oct 12, 2000

Foreign Affairs' Committee
All Burma Federation of Students Unions.

The Pa-an college located in Pa-an, Karen state , is under control of 
Mawlamyine university. The students from seven townships in Karen State 
have to learn  higher education in the Pa-an college till third year 
course and then have to join with Mawlamyine university for more 
education. On 24 July 2000 , the Pa-an college was reopened. 
Nevertheless, the students who come from Thandaung, Hlingbwe, Myawaddy 
and Kyarinnseikgyi township  faced barriers, because the college could 
not provide the hostels. for them. Although, the students tried to rent 
rooms outside  of the campus ,the landlords asked very high rent for a 
room .As a result ,some students had resigned from their learning. A 
history student learning in third year, at pa-an colleges, said that 
they attended  the class 3days a weak and  a student girl who  come from 
Kyarinnseikgyi township to the college said that she had to pay 25000 
kyats per month for the cost of learning. At the present, the third year 
students in Pa-an college have been preparing for their final exam three 
months after the school reopened . Now, the fourth years students are 
going to prepare for their final exam in this coming November. The third 
year students are upset because of the two months system learning and 
some parents criticized the SPDC military government, because of the 
cost of learning, five thousand for just two months per year. 

____________________________________________________


Shan Herald Agency for News: Junta invites Shans to "exchange arms for 
peace" 

16 October 2000

No: 10-10


A junta general recently issued leaflets inviting Yawdserk's Shan State 
Army to surrender, according to sources coming from across the Salween.  


Brig Gen Htay Oo, Commander, LID (Light Infantry Division) 99, during a 
mass meeting on 6 October at Kawngmu Temple, Kholam Village, Kunhing 
Township, southern Shan State, delivered thousands of leaflets 
containing an invitation to officers and men of the Shan State Army 
"South" to "join hands with the Army and people" and "exchange arms for 
peace". The leaflets, written both in Burmese and Shan, and signed by 
Htay Oo himself, also directed the units concerned "to take good care of 
the bearer of the leaflet," forbade them "to torture, confiscate 
personal belongings and mistreat the leaflet bearer in general" 
promising those who disobeyed with "severe action."  

Gen Htay Oo also urged the meeting "to persuade the SURA (Junta's term 
for Shan State Army 'South') either to surrender or make truce like 
other groups, so there shall be no more abandoned fields and villages 
and the people caught in the crossfire," according to the source who 
brought copies of the leaflets to S.H.A.N.  

Although the text was worded in such a way to mean that the Shan 
fighters could only surrender, the general went on to explain that they 
could "keep their arms and stay anywhere. The main thing is that we 
don't fight each other."  

Another source later added that Gen Htay Oo was summoned to Rangoon 
after reports of last month's conflict in Loihtwe (Doi Thuay in Thai), 
Mongton Township, opposite Chiangmai Province of Thailand, came out. He 
left for Rangoon on 1 October to Kholam where he had his advance 
headquarters. (LID 99 is based in Meikthila) 

Kholam, situated between Namzarng and Kunhing, used to have only 200-300 
households. It swelled 10-fold following forced relocations in Hailai, 
Tonhoong, Napoi and Kungmong, village tracts in the surrounding areas.  

A few days before the meeting, the Army clashed with Shan fighters in a 
sesame field near the abandoned village of Wanlook, Napoi Tract. The 
soldiers captured 2 dead and also shot to death the 3 farmers in the 
field.  





___________________ REGIONAL/INTERNATIONAL___________________
			
		
AP: UN Refugee Chief Shocked at Camp Conditions

October 17, 2000

THAM HIN, Thailand (AP) _ The head of the U.N. refugee agency said 
Tuesday she was ``shocked'' at conditions she witnessed in a camp for 
Karen refugees from Myanmar, and urged Thai authorities to accept help 
from her office. 

 ``I have seen many many camps ... and I have a pretty good idea'' how a 
camp should be, Sadako Ogata, the United Nations High Commissioner for 
Refugees, told reporters after touring the Tham Hin camp near Thailand's 
western border with Myanmar. 

 Asked to describe the conditions, she said: ``Bad.'' 

 ``I am sorry to say I was quite shocked,'' said Ogata. 

 More than 8,000 Karens live in Tham Hin, a cluster of stilt-supported 
bamboo huts nestling in a valley surrounded by lush mountains. It is 
about 10 kilometers (6 miles) from the border and 27 kilometers (17 
miles) from the nearest Thai town. 

 The huts are built close to each other with a warren of interconnecting 
lanes. Families live in small spaces barely big enough for five people 
to lie down comfortably. 

 The camp is one among several along the border housing some 126,000 
Karens who fled their homes to escape fighting between the Myanmar 
government and the Karen guerrillas who want more autonomy for their 
people. The Karens are predominantly Christians and a minority in their 
overwhelmingly Buddhist country. 

 Ogata met with Myanmar officials in Yangon on Monday to discuss the 
refugees' fate. She declined to speak about the talks, except saying 
they were ``frank and constructive.'' 

 Tham Hin residents say they live like virtual prisoners as they are not 
allowed by Thai authorities to go out. Still, many men escape to find 
work in the countryside or cities to earn money that can help families 
supplement their meager food rations. The refugees are given rice, 
beans, cooking oil and salt. 

 Many residents save the food and barter it for fish or vegetables in 
shops set up near the camp by Thais, said Peuh Lincoln, an 85-year-old 
teacher at the camp's school. 

 Ogata said she did not see signs of malnutrition but her most immediate 
concern was the overcrowding. 

 ``Shelter-wise I am very concerned. ... They are living on top of each 
other,'' she said. 

 The camp needs better planning to give people more space, she said, 
adding that she asked Thai Prime Minister Chuan Leekpai during a meeting 
earlier Tuesday to allow a UNHCR presence in the camp. 

 In her meeting with Chuan, she said the first step in solving the 
problem of the refugees in Thailand is for the two countries and the 
UNHCR to open discussions, according to Thai Deputy Foreign Minister 
Sukhumbhand Paribatra, who was present. 

 However, Ogata told reporters at the refugee camp that the issue of the 
refugees' return is secondary as fighting is still going on in Karen 
areas. 

 Thailand wants Myanmar to allow the UNHCR to operate in eastern 
Myanmar, paving the way for repatriation of the refugees, Sukhumbhand 
said. In the past, he said, Myanmar has resisted the refugees' return, 
saying they are opponents of the government.

____________________________________________________


ABC online: US drugs director doubts Burma's ability to end drug 
manufacture  

 Oct 16, 2000.

The Director of America's Bureau of Narcotics in Asia-Pacific says he 
doubts whether the region can be drug-free by 2015, unless there's a 
change of government in Burma. 
Government representatives from 30 nations, including the 10 ASEAN 
countries and China have resolved to try and make Asia drug free in 15 
years. 

At a conference in Bangkok last week, they agreed to step up cooperation 
among law enforcement agencies. 

But, James Callahan says major trafficking grops such as Burma's United 
Wa state army are operating with impunity, after signing a ceasefire 
agreement with the ruling military junta:  

"Through these ceasefire agreements, they have given safe haven to a 
number of known traffickers who have ben allowed to continue doing 
trafficking, certainly to live off the profits or trafficking and money 
laundering is going on and there are investments by traiffickers 
throughout the Burmese economy and we cotinue to have problems with 
that."  



 
____________________________________________________


AFP: EU seeks to play political catch-up in East Asia 

[Abridged]

BRUSSELS, Oct 17 (AFP) - EU leaders head to Seoul this week for their 
biennial summit with East Asian leaders, all too aware that Europe's 
political stature in the region needs to catch up with its robust 
economic presence. 

 Preoccupied with its eastward enlargement, the launch of the euro, and 
instability at its Balkan doorstep, the European Union will be 
hard-pressed to offer Asians much more than pledges of "enhanced" 
dialogue for the time being. 

 "Ninety-eight percent of (EU) intellectual energy goes into debates on 
enlargement, the Intergovernmental Conference, and formulation of a 
common foreign and security policy," said Willem van der Geest, director 
of the European Institute for Asian Studies in Brussels. 

 "Relatively little attention has been given to what role the common 
foreign and security policy will be vis-a-vis Asia," he told AFP. 

 Nevertheless, the Seoul summit -- formally called the Asia-Europe 
Meeting (ASEM) -- could prove to be a modest turning point. 

 East Asian leaders will be happy to get something going. Having lived 
under the shadow of the United States throughout the Cold War, they 
would appreciate a Europe that can counter-balance Washington, analysts 
say. 

 Europe can already lay claim to real economic clout in Asia. 

 The European Union is also a prime source of development and 
humanitarian aid to the region, as it is to the rest of the world. 

 But as Van der Geest observed: "There is a clear disproportion between 
the economic importance and the political importance." 

 Most of the European Union's political action in Asia has been limited 
to firing off communiques of protest over human rights abuses, most 
notably in Myanmar and Indonesia. 

 Human Rights Watch, for one, hopes it will keep up the pressure. 

 "Trade and economic cooperation would clearly be easier if European and 
Asian countries were also working closely together to effectively combat 
(human rights) violations," its Brussels director Lotte Leicht said. 


 
_________________OPINION/EDITORIALS________________


Stratfor: Battling for Power in Myanmar

1155 GMT, 001015 

Last month, at a session of the United Nations Security Council, the 
United States condemned the Myanmar government for its crackdown on 
pro-democracy activists. While consistent with U.S. policy, WashingtonÆs 
sentiment was unusual since the administration tends to put Myanmar on 
its diplomatic back burner.  

But the U.S. statement, whether intended for intervention or simply 
political posturing for domestic consumption, comes at a particularly 
delegate time for the country once known as Burma. Myanmar has drawn a 
flood of attention from human rights advocates and pro-democracy 
lobbyists because of what many feel is the Myanmar governmentÆs 
harassment of opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi. 

The power struggle between MyanmarÆs ruling military government and Suu 
Kyi, the 1991 Nobel Peace Prize winner, will do more than get Myanmar a 
few headlines. Rather, its outcome will affect the balance of power in 
the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea.  

Myanmar has been run by the military for nearly 30 years, 
notwithstanding a few scattered elections, whose results the military 
rigged or ignored. Under economic sanctions by the United States and 
Europe, Myanmar has followed the path of North Korea, closing itself off 
to the outside world and watching its economy crumble.  

But former dictator General Ne Win û who still influences the government 
through a complex patronage system û is 89-years-old and gradually 
losing his power. Senior General Than Shwe, who runs the government as 
prime minister, is set to retire, most likely due to illness.  

Two men are battling to take the reins of power û General Maung Aye, 
head of the armed forces, and Lieutenant-General Khin Nyunt, who runs 
the secret police.  

Khin Nyunt leads a group of younger officers who want to open Myanmar up 
to Western investment. To do so probably means easing restrictions on 
the opposition National League for Democracy. The intelligence chief 
probably isnÆt a pro-Western liberal; he reportedly has ties to 
MyanmarÆs major drug lords. But the odds are good he will make a tidy 
profit from any investment.  

Maung Aye is a taciturn soldier who shuns the spotlight. His views are 
less pronounced, but he appears to wish to keep Myanmar on its current 
course.  

The power struggle takes on a geostrategic dimension due to MyanmarÆs 
location at the crossroads of the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea û 
and the shipping routes between Asia and the Persian Gulf. China has had 
military relations with Myanmar since 1988, and rival India has 
attempted to push China out of Myanmar.  

Khin Nyunt favors increased ties with China, but Maung Aye is less 
certain about the relationship û heÆs concerned about BeijingÆs 
influence and that of thousands of ethnic Chinese who live in northern 
Burma. If Khin Nyunt takes power, China maintains û and probably 
increases û its intelligence and naval presence in Myanmar. But Maung 
Aye wants to balance China, and would likely increase ties with India.  

But back to the original question û why did the United States suddenly 
pay attention to Myanmar? One answer is that Washington was simply 
acknowledging the cries of the human rights and pro-democracy lobbyists, 
and doing so in a relatively cost-free way.  

The other answer is a bit subtler. Khin NyuntÆs pro-investment policies 
associate him with the United States and the West. But Khin Nyunt looks 
bad if Washington openly criticizes the regime. And the United States 
would definitely want to make MyanmarÆs biggest China backer look bad.  

In all likelihood, the United States government probably isnÆt that 
subtle. Washington was probably responding to domestic political 
pressure. But the unintended consequences may prove a setback to Khin 
Nyunt and China.  



____________________________________________________

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