Pagan (Bagan) period [849-1287 AD]
Websites/Multiple Documents
Description:
"Pagan gradually grew to absorb its surrounding states until the 1050s–1060s when Anawrahta founded the Pagan Empire, the first ever unification of the Irrawaddy valley and its periphery. In the 12th and 13th centuries, the Pagan Empire and the Khmer Empire were two main powers in mainland Southeast Asia.[50] The Burmese language and culture gradually became dominant in the upper Irrawaddy valley, eclipsing the Pyu, Mon and Pali norms by the late 12th century. Theravada Buddhism slowly began to spread to the village level although Tantric, Mahayana, Brahmanic, and animist practices remained heavily entrenched. Pagan?s rulers and wealthy built over 10,000 Buddhist temples in the Pagan capital zone alone. Repeated Mongol invasions (1277–1301) toppled the four-century-old kingdom in 1287."
Source/publisher:
Wikipedia
Date of entry/update:
2014-07-03
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
Pagan (Bagan) period [849-1287 AD], The Toungoo Dynasty [1486-1752], The Konbaung Dynasty and the Anglo-Burmese Wars [1753-1885]
Language:
English
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Source/publisher:
Wikipedia (Burmese)
Date of entry/update:
2013-12-18
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
Pagan (Bagan) period [849-1287 AD]
Language:
Burmese
more
Individual Documents
Description:
Introduction: "Myingun
stands
about
twenty
three
miles
from
Magway,
Central
Myanmar
and
is
located
at
20°1?0"
north
of
the
equator
and
95°1?59"
east
of
the
Prime
Meridian.
Its
area
is
800
square
miles
(GUBSS
1901:
536).
It
was
called
Malekun
in
ancient
time.
When
the
cavalry
of
King
Sawlu
of
Bagan
(1077‐1084)
stationed
at
there,
it
was
named
as
Myinnkun.
In
Burmese
language,
Myinn
means
horse
and
kun
means
a
stationed
place.
Thus
Myinnkun
means
a
place
where
cavalrymen
stationed.
But
some
say
that
Myin
means
see
and
gun
means
stupa
with
square
tower.
Therefore
this
place
was
called
Myingun
where
can
see
the
temple
with
sikhara.
According
to
some
inscriptions
found
in
Myingun
area,
this
region
is
located
at
there
since
the
time
of
Bagan
Period.
Oral
history
says
that
King
Sawlu
of
Bagan
built
this
city
for
staying
temporarily
when
he
defended
the
rebel
Ngayamakan.1
(Magway
Township
Record
1969:
139)
The
remnants
of
City
wall,
moat
and
temples
can
be
seen
still
today.
Myingun
was
an
important
place
in
the
reign
of
Myanmar
Kings.
In
successive
era,
the
people
of
Myingun
constructed
to
donate
many
religious
edifices
where
the
Buddha
images
were
kept.
Numerous
temples
were
built
and
many
images
were
carved.
There
are
about
sixty
temples
and
stupās
in
Myingun.
The
art
and
architecture
of
these
religious
edifices
show
that
some
temples
constructed
since
12th
Century.
It
is
found
that
there
have
twenty
seven
temples
with
Bagan
style
of
art
and
architecture
in
Myingun.".....Paper delivered at the International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies: Burma/Myanmar in Transition: Connectivity, Changes and Challenges: University Academic Service Centre (UNISERV), Chiang Mai University, Thailand, 24-26 July 2015.
Khin Thidar
Source/publisher:
International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies: Burma/Myanmar in Transition: Connectivity, Changes and Challenges: University Academic Service Centre (UNISERV), Chiang Mai University, Thailand, 24-26 July 2015
Date of publication:
2015-07-26
Date of entry/update:
2015-09-07
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Burmese pagodas, stupas and other religious buildings, Pagan (Bagan) period [849-1287 AD], Magwe (Magway) Division, International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies (ICBMS) 23-26 July, 2015
Language:
English
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pdf
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1.26 MB
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Description:
Ancient Bagan city and its pagodas reveal how Myanmar people were organized. Pagan was constructed very well, and
its remarable pagodas and temples-- Shwezigon, Ananda, Thatpyinnyu, and Gadawpalin--are powerful symbols of the
city?s wealth. It also demonstrates the sophisticated culture of its people as well as their faith in Buddhism.....Subject Terms: 1. Bagan - description and travel...
2. Shwezigon Pagoda (Naungoo)...
3. Ananda Pagoda (Bagan)...
4. Sapada Pagoda (Naungoo)
Zawgyi
Source/publisher:
"Collected Works of Saya Zawgyi", Vol.1, pp64-69, 1993, Union of Myanmar Literary and Journalist Organization via University of Washington
Date of publication:
1993-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2014-12-01
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
Burmese/ မြန်မာဘာသာ (Metadata: English and Burmese)
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pdf
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241.78 KB
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Description:
Buddhist art developed in Pagan. Scenes from the life of the Buddha were drawn on the walls of Kubyaukgyi,
Abheyadana and other temples in Bagan. These Buddhist paintings are the beginning of Myanmar texts on the life of
Buddha, such as "Marlarlingarya" and Zinattha Pakathani.....Subject Terms: 1. Painting-Myanmar-Bagan period...
2. Buddhist Art.....
Key Words: Bagan
Zawgyi
Source/publisher:
"Collected Works of Saya Zawgyi", Vol.1, pp9-14, 1993, Union of Myanmar Literary and Journalist Organization via University of Washington
Date of publication:
1993-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2014-11-30
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
Burmese/ မြန်မာဘာသာ (Metadata: English and Burmese)
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pdf
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233.93 KB
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Description:
Interior walls of Abheyadanar, Kubyaukgyi and Nandamanya pagodas were painted with scenes from the Buddha; they
were influenced by Mahayana Buddhism. Paintings of Boddisatvas were mainly Mahayanist.....Subject Terms: Painting...
Key Words: Mahayana Painting
Zawgyi
Source/publisher:
"Collected Works of Saya Zawgyi", Vol.1, pp15-18, 1993, Union of Myanmar Literary and Journalist Organization via University of Washington
Date of publication:
1993-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2014-11-30
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
Burmese/ မြန်မာဘာသာ (Metadata: English and Burmese)
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pdf
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199.42 KB
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Description:
Painting in Bagan developed because the kings and wungyi valued and rewarded the painters. Buddhism developed in
Bagan and Buddhist art stimulated the development of Bagan painting.....Subject Terms: Paintings-Myanmar-Bagan period.....
Key Words: Art...
Pagan
Zawgyi
Source/publisher:
"Collected Works of Saya Zawgyi", Vol.1, pp3-8, 1993, Union of Myanmar Literary and Journalist Organization via University of Washington
Date of publication:
1993-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2014-11-30
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
Burmese/ မြန်မာဘာသာ (Metadata: English and Burmese)
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pdf
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257.71 KB
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Description:
About a legendary king of early Bagan. Uses three main historical sources: U Kala?s Mahayazawin gyi, Hmannan
Yazawin and Twin thin Yazawinthit. They offer nothing definitive about the early Bagan period, other than noting that the
Bagan dynasty started in 1044 AD. These three source are not validated.....Subject Terms: 1. Myanmar-history-Bagan period, 1044-1287
Yi Yi, Dr.
Source/publisher:
"Shumawa", Vol. 29, No. 347, pp115-118, 1976-04, via University of Washingon
Date of publication:
1976-04-00
Date of entry/update:
2014-11-30
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
Burmese/ မြန်မာဘာသာ (Metadata: English and Burmese)
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pdf
Size:
153.12 KB
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Description:
This paper was read at the Kanthaseinlai Group meeting on 13th July 1958. It argues that the Myanmar (Burmans) were
Buddhist long before King Anawrahta?s (Aniruddha) conquest of lower Burma. They did not practise Theravada
Buddhism, rather they observed a form of Mahayana Buddhism much influenced by Vaishnavism and native Naga
(serpent) worship.
With the conquest of Thaton in 1057 AD by King Anawrahta Theravada Buddhism was introduced to Central Burma.
According to the excavation of Srikshetra and Hanlin the Pyu already believed in Buddhism. This paper is based on
Bagan inscriptions which reveal the spread of Buddhism between AD 1000-1300.....Subject Terms: 1. Religion-Myanmar...
2. Buddhism-Myanmar-Bagan period...
3. Buddha and Buddhism...
4. Arahan, Shin...
5. Tipitaka (Buddhist Scriptures).....
Key Words: 1. Theravada Buddhism...
2. Vishnavism...
3. Brahmanism...
4. Jatakas...
5. Sasana (Buddist Religion)...
6. Paiyatti (Buddhist Religion)...
7. Pitaka (Buddhist scripture)
8. Vinaya...
9. Anawrahta, King (AD 1044-1077)...
10. Kyansittha, King (AD 1084-1112)
Than Tun, Dr.
Source/publisher:
"Journal of Burma Research Society", Vol. 42, Part 2, pp47-69, 1959 via University of Washington
Date of publication:
1959-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2014-11-28
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
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pdf
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1.08 MB
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Description:
Analyzes social life and customs of the Bagan people during the period AD 1044 - 1287. The vocations of the Bagan
people were: agriculture, including cowherds; food suppliers; craftsmen; musicians; and such diverse work as
midwifery, launderess, boatmen, palanquin carriers, oil producers, water carriers and canal diggers. The slaves (kywan)
in those days was different from later periods as individuals voluntarily turned themselves into slaves of religious
establishments. A pagoda slave did not sink in the social scale, rather he gained merit and respect from his family and
community.....Subject Terms: 1. Myanmar-social life and custom...
2. Myanmar - history.....
Key Words 1. Slaves (Kywan).....undated
Than Tun, Dr.
Source/publisher:
"Journal of Burma Research Society", Vol. 42, Part 2, pp47-69, 1959 via University of Washington
Date of publication:
1958-12-31
Date of entry/update:
2014-11-28
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
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pdf
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538.39 KB
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Description:
The author chronicles the kings and rulers of later Bagan and explains and how they described the Myinsaing, Sagaing
and Pinya dynasties. The many references used for this article are all drawn from the inscriptions. This period is
described as the most troubled in the Myanmar history. Nonetheless, forest dwellers (monks) and the kings of the later
period laid the foundation for the political and cultural progress Myanmar made in the 15th and 16th centuries.....Subject Terms: 1. Myanmar - History - Bagan period, 1044-1287...
2. Myanmar-History-Pinya period, 1312-1324...
3. Myanmar-History-Sagaing period, 1315-1364...
4. Myanmar-History-King Kyawswar, 1287-1298...
5. Myanmar-History-King Sawhnit, 1298-1312...
6. Myanmar-History-King Thihathu, 1312-1324...
7. Myanmar-History-King Ngarsishin, 1343-1350...
8. Myanmar-History-King Narathu, 1359-1364...
9. Myanmar-History-King Uzana, 1364
Than Tun, Dr.
Source/publisher:
"Journal of Burma Research Society", Vol. 42, Part 2, December 1959, pp119-133, via Washington University
Date of publication:
1959-12-00
Date of entry/update:
2014-10-21
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
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pdf
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752.73 KB
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Description:
Paper read at the first Union of Burma Literary and Social Sciences Conference held on 23rd March 1966. In the Bagan period three queens named Pwa Saw were well known. They were important advisors to the kings who ruled during their lives. The author observes that Bagan inscriptions document several queens named Saw; three Pwa Saws were described: (1) Min Waing Pwa Saw (2) Saw Hla Wun Pwa Saw, and (3) Thitmathi Pwa Saw. They were clever and participated in the administration of the country.....
1. Pwa Saw, 1st (Min Waing Pwa Saw) 1230 - 1287;
2. Pwa Saw, 2nd (Saw Hla Wun Pwa Saw) 1262 - 1296;
3. Pwa Saw, 3rd (Thitmathi Pwa Saw) 1295 - 1334;
4. Myanmar - History - Bagan period, 1044 - 1287.
Col. Ba Shin/ ဗိုလျမှူးဘရှငျ
Source/publisher:
Burma Historical Research Dept. via U. Waashington Library Library
Date of publication:
1982-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2010-11-15
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
Burmese/ မြန်မာဘာသာ; (Metadata English, Burmese)
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pdf
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1.91 MB
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Description:
"...Power struggles within ruling houses are a classic problem causing the
weakening of dynasties and inviting foreign invasions. The Tai polities in
pre-modern Asia were no exception. This recurrent problem is
documented not only in contemporary Chinese sources, but also in the
various versions of the Tai chronicles that the present writer has
investigated. The present article focuses on the example of the Tai L?
polity, namely Moeng L? (better known as Sips?ng Panna), which was
founded in the twelfth century in present-day southern Yunnan along
what Jon Fernquest has called the ?Tai Frontier.?2 When waging
fratricidal wars or committing fratricide to gain the throne was
concerned, the traditional Tai polities in this frontier between China and
the large lowland polities of mainland Southeast Asia were no better than
the ruling houses of medieval Europe and China...The Chronicles of Moeng L? (CML) is replete with killings and civil
wars. Recorded above are seven major conflicts involving disputes
related to succession to the throne of Saenwi Fa. The CML?s coverage of
the successive reigns is not equal. The records of about one third of the
reigns are very brief but that does not mean that there was no fighting
during these reigns. Moeng L? or Cheli was not a unified Tai kingdom.
As recorded in the ?Basic Annals? of the History of the Yuan Dynasty
(Yuanshi), as early as around 1297/98 there were the Greater Cheli and
Lessser Cheli. Moeng L? was partitioned into two by the Mekong River
long before Burmese expansion in the sixteenth century."
Foon Ming Liew-Herres (Hamburg)
Source/publisher:
SOAS BULLETIN OF BURMA RESEARCH VOL. 5, 2007
Date of publication:
2008-03-00
Date of entry/update:
2010-10-01
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Pagan (Bagan) period [849-1287 AD]
Language:
English
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518.25 KB
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Description:
"...The celebrated Venetian traveller, MARCO POLO, (see MARSDEN?S edition of his Travels, pages
441 to 451,) has given us an account of the war between the Tartars and the people of Mien
(the Chinese name for Burmah), which occurred some time after 1272, and led the former to
take possession of the then capital of the latter nation. SYMES and CRAWFORD, in the Journals of
their Missions to Ava, as well as HAVELOCK and TRANT in their accounts of the late war, have
described the extensive remains of Pagan, the former capital of the Burmese empire, lying
between Prome and Ava, with its innumerable ruins of temples and columns. Perhaps the
following account of the destruction of that city, translated from the 5th volume of the large
edition of the Royal Chronicles of the Kings of Ava, (Maha Yazawen wen dan gyee,) may be
deemed curious..."
Lieut.-Col. Henry Burney, H. C.'s Resident In Ava
Source/publisher:
Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 4 (vol. 4, July, 1835, pp. 400-404) via SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research, Vol. 1, No. 2, Autumn 2003
Date of publication:
1835-07-04
Date of entry/update:
2004-08-22
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Pagan (Bagan) period [849-1287 AD]
Language:
English
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Description:
"Pagan, today a small town of perhaps 2,000 inhabitants, was the capital of the first
Burmese kingdom for about 250 years between the mid-eleventh and the end of the
thirteenth centuries. During this period, more than 2,500 religious monuments, mostly
Buddhist temples, stupas and monasteries, were constructed in and around the city. At the
end of the thirteenth century, the city ceased to be a political center, having falled victim
to demographic disruptions, economic exhaustion, and military pressure from the
Mongols, though it kept its status as a sacred center and a place of learning until the end
of the last Burmese kingdom..."
Tilman Frasch
Source/publisher:
Newsletter, Issue 25, International Institute for Asian Studies
Date of publication:
2001-10-00
Date of entry/update:
2003-06-03
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
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