Nagas (cultural, political)

Most of these websites focus on the part of Nagaland which lies on the India side of the border.
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Websites/Multiple Documents

Description: Appears to be a NSCN-IM site - no friendly mention of the Khaplang NSCN (NSCN-K), so far as I could see. "The Naga International Support Center, Nisc, has been set up to focus attention on a very real but forgotten conflict. A conflict that resulted in a raging war on the frontiers of North East India and Myanmar, between the Naga peoples, India and Myanmar. Landlocked and inaccessible to outsiders, because of India's travel restrictions, Nagalim, homeland of the Nagas, has been practically isolated from the outside world. This being the main reason why the international community knows little about a war that has taken the lives of approximately 200.000 people..."
Date of entry/update: 2003-06-03
Grouping: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: English
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Date of entry/update: 2010-12-13
Grouping: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: English
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Description: "These are Burma?s voices for change, extraordinary stories of people of Burma from all walks of life. Their experiences, struggles, fears, and successes. These are unheard stories of incredible spirit of resilience and courage, voices of hope and dreams that have emerged from decades of oppression. Help us spread these voices across the globe!"...Stories and voices from Karen, Karenni, Shan, Kachin, Chin, Rakhine, Mon, Palaung, Pa-O, Nagas and other ethnic minorities.
Source/publisher: Burma Link
Date of entry/update: 2016-03-14
Grouping: Websites/Multiple Documents
Language: English
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Individual Documents

Sub-title: The future of the NSCN-K
Description: "In what appeared to be a coordinated effort between the Myanmar and Indian militaries, operations against Indian insurgents on the Indian side of the border and the Naga Socialist Council of Nagaland – Khaplang (NSCN-K) in Sagaing, Myanmar, have largely been successful in diminishing the threat the NSCN-K posed to both governments Hostilities between the Tatmadaw and the NSCN-K heightened after 400 soldiers from six battalions led by the Hkamti district tactical commander under the Tatmadaw’s North-West Command took control of the NSCN-K’s headquarters in Taga area of Nanyun township on January 29, 2019. A month later ‘Operation Sunshine-1’ from February 22 to 26, occurred with the Indian Army acting against suspected Arakanese Army (AA) camps inside Indian territory, with fleeing Arakan troops arrested by the Myanmar Army on their side. The move was largely seen as a tit-for-tat action to encourage Myanmar to increase operations against anti-India rebels. The latest operation known as ‘Operation Sunshine-2’, took place between May 16 and June 8, and included two battalions of the Indian Army — along with Special Forces, Assam Rifles and infantry Ghataks (commandos) — on the Indian side of the border, while clearance action was taken by four brigades of the Myanmar Army resulting in around 70-80 insurgents being detained. 1 Although, the NSCN-K is based in Myanmar’s Sagaing division its primary dispute is with the Indian Government as it wants to create a united independent Nagaland based on a federal system2 that is to include parts of Manipur, Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh in India and parts of Sagaing Division. 3 That said, however, the group's presence, its support for Indian rebel groups, and its refusal to take part in the Myanmar Peace Process remain a contentious issue within the Myanmar government..."
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Source/publisher: Euro Burma Office
2019-07-00
Date of entry/update: 2021-04-11
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Format : pdf
Size: 115.62 KB
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Description: "The king of the Konyak tribe sleeps in Myanmar, but eats in India - his house, village and people divided by a mountain border which serves as a vulnerable lifeline now severed by a coronavirus lockdown. The Konyak are just one of dozens of Naga tribes, a people yearning to reunite the 3 million living in India with their 400,000 estranged - and much poorer - cousins in Myanmar’s isolated far north. Many from Myanmar cross the border to attend school, sell vegetables or visit a hospital, as it is a days-long journeys by foot to the nearest town in Myanmar. Even in normal times, they live at the mercy of Indian soldiers guarding checkpoints against the threat of guerrilla groups fighting for reunification. Tonyei Phawng claims to be the 12th generation of his family to rule the Konyak, whose feared tattooed warriors once brought home their enemies' heads as trophies. His son, the crown prince, will one day take over in a lineage many believe possess supernatural powers. Dressed in civilian tracksuit and trainers in his village of Longwa, the 43-year-old king described to the media how his Myanmar brothers were often stopped at the border and detained..."
Source/publisher: "The ASEAN Post" (Malaysia)
2020-04-29
Date of entry/update: 2020-04-29
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Sub-title: Dozens of Naga tribes yearn to reunite the 3 million living in India with their 400,000 estranged cousins in Myanmar.
Description: "The king of the Konyak tribe sleeps in Myanmar, but eats in India - his house, village and people divided by a mountain border which serves as a vulnerable lifeline now severed by a coronavirus lockdown. The Konyak are just one of dozens of Naga tribes, a people yearning to reunite the 3 million living in India with their 400,000 estranged - and much poorer - cousins in Myanmar's isolated far north. More: Myanmar: On Trial Inside Myanmar: No home to return to for Rohingya Naga leader Muivah wary of India after Kashmir status scrapped Many from Myanmar cross the border to attend school, sell vegetables or visit a hospital, as it is a days-long journey by foot to the nearest town in Myanmar. Even in normal times, they live at the mercy of Indian soldiers guarding checkpoints against the threat of armed groups fighting for reunification. Tonyei Phawng claims to be the 12th generation of his family to rule the Konyak, whose feared tattooed warriors once brought home their enemies' heads as trophies. His son, the crown prince, will one day take over in a lineage many believe possess supernatural powers..."
Source/publisher: "Al Jazeera" (Qatar)
2020-04-28
Date of entry/update: 2020-04-28
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Description: "Ngon Pok remembers his father and grandfather returning triumphantly to his tribal village in Myanmar’s far north with a human head – and the agony of the tattoo he was given to celebrate their victory. He is a proud member of the Lainong, one of dozens of Naga tribes – many with grisly histories – wedged in a semi-autonomous zone near the Indian border. Ngon Pok, who believes he is around 80, gestures to his six-year-old grandson, saying he must have been about the same age when he received his tattoo. “People had to catch me and hold me down,” he says, removing his jumper to reveal his chest adorned with parallel, vertical stripes and two warrior figures. Tribes and villages commonly waged war over land, and there are reports of warriors hacking off their enemies’ heads for trophies as late as the 1960s. To celebrate, a thorn would be used to drive tree sap under the warrior’s skin to ink a permanent reminder of his headhunting prowess – and his family would often follow suit. Ngon Pok’s wife, aged about 75, says she chose to have the geometric designs etched on her arms, legs and face as a teenager. “It was so painful,” Khamyo Pon Nyun remembers, hoisting up her skirt to expose her legs..."
Source/publisher: Agence France-Presse (AFP) (France) via "The Guardian" (UK)
2020-03-02
Date of entry/update: 2020-03-02
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Sub-title: As per state govt directives, movement of people crossing international borders between India and Myanmar strictly prohibited, says Tuensang DC Kumar Ramnikant
Description: "Following the outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID) across the world, the Nagaland state government has prohibited the movement of people crossing the international border between India and Myanmar. An official statement from the DIPR on Friday said that deputy commissioner of Tuensang, Kumar Ramnikant, has notified that “as per the directives of the state government, the movement of people crossing the international borders between India and Myanmar is strictly prohibited with effect from the date of issue of this order”. It said that this decision is “in view of the outbreak of novel coronavirus in China and other countries and on declaration of the same as Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization (WHO)”. Necessitated in the “interest of public health and safety”, it said, adding that the order shall remain active till further notice. Meanwhile, the DC has also notified that “a blanket ban on the hunting of wild animals is imposed within the jurisdiction of Tuensang district with immediate effect”, stating that “available evidence in the novel coronavirus and other respiratory virus suggest that there may have been transmission of viruses from wild animals to humans”. A separate notification from the Mon deputy commissioner Thavaseelan K also said that in compliance with the advisory issued by the department of health & family welfare, hunting of wild animals and birds is banned within the jurisdiction of Mon district with immediate effect..."
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Source/publisher: EastMojo
2020-02-21
Date of entry/update: 2020-02-22
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Sub-title: The subsistence farmers of the Gongwang Bonyo tribe are among the most isolated people in Myanmar. Living near the Indian border, they gather each year to bless the harvest
Description: "Naga children playing in front of their homes in Tarmaw Lawri village in the Lahe township...Children play tug-of-war in front of the school in Toe Lawt...Children playing as they surround their teacher in front of their school in Toe Lawt in Lahe township...Bath-time in the Chindwin river in Hkamti township...Naga is the blanket term for dozens of tribes each with their own distinct dialect living near the Indian border, only accessible by nerve-shredding motorcycle journeys and on foot...Sunset over the Lahe township in Myanmar’s Sagaing region. Like most Naga, the Gongwang Bonyo are mainly subsistence farmers who clear and burn the steep slopes around them to plant paddy, maize and vegetables...Men working as they prepare for the upcoming overnight ceremony by Naga tribeswomen to bless the harvest. It will be the men’s turn in a few weeks’ time, once the newly designated land is fully cleared and ready for planting...A man walking with his child as the village prepares for the night’s festivities..."
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Source/publisher: Agence France-Presse (AFP) (France) via "The Guardian" (UK)
2020-02-20
Date of entry/update: 2020-02-20
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Description: "Several ethnic Shanni organizations in northwestern Myanmar’s Sagaing Division have objected to an ethnic Naga politician’s move to have Hkamti and Homalin townships incorporated into the Naga Self-Administered Zone (SAZ). U Aung Khin, chairman of the Shanni Solidarity Party (SSP), told The Irrawaddy on Monday that his organization objects to the actions of respected Naga politician U Ki Shi Mu, who asked Daw Aung San Suu Kyi to make Hkamti and Homalin part of the Naga SAZ during the State Counselor’s trip to the area from Jan. 21-23. “Our residents will protest if the government recognizes Homalin and Hkamti as part of Naga,” he said. “It will become an ethnic conflict if the government recognizes our region as part of theirs.” Homalin and Hkamti townships both fall within Hkamti District in Sagaing Division. The Shanni recognize the area as their territory and it was historically ruled by Shanni saophas, or rulers. Their culture is still alive in the region, but the Shanni say this would be thrown into question if the area is incorporated into the Naga SAZ. There are 80,000 Shanni in Homalin and 10,000 in Hkamti, according to the SSP..."
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Source/publisher: "The Irrawaddy" (Thailand)
2020-02-17
Date of entry/update: 2020-02-18
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Sub-title: Yung Aung claimed India is playing a major role in masterminding joint political and military operations with Tatmadaw, the army of Myanmar, and is providing all possible logistic and material support.
Description: "The chief of the Khaplang faction of rebel outfit National Socialist Council of Nagalim (NSCN-K) on Friday said both India and Myanmar have become closer policy-wise and have started to adopt similar strategy and tactics to assimilate and subjugate Nagas — politically, economically and culturally. Yung Aung's remarks came on the 40th foundation day of the banned rebel outfit. "Their (India and Myanmar) 'Act East Policy' and 'Look West Policy' are two sides of the same coin to benefit both the countries while subduing our country and the whole WESEA region," he said in a press statement. "These two countries still harbour the old colonial mentality of 'might is right' and continue to unleash their reign of terror to suppress our genuine struggle." Aung claimed India is playing a major role in masterminding joint political and military operations with Tatmadaw, the army of Myanmar, and is providing all possible logistic and material support. "Some Nagas, in their confusion, are cynical and doubtful of NSCN and our struggle. They speak of uncertainty, impossibility, and impracticality of the Naga sovereignty. They inject fear and doubt in the minds of fellow Nagas because they fear the future. However, the hope and prayer of millions of Nagas is stronger than this cynicism," he added. Appealing to the Nagas to support the liberation movement, Aung said he is willing to resolve their past differences and reconcile under the holy banner of 'Nagaland for Christ'..."
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Source/publisher: "News 18" (UK)
2020-01-31
Date of entry/update: 2020-02-01
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Description: "Amid relentless protests against the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) across the northeast, leaders and cadres of the banned insurgent group National Democratic Front of Bodoland-Saoraigwra (NDFB-S) came back to India from Myanmar as part of the ongoing talks with the Government of India. A top leader of the rebel outfit told News18, “All the 50 members of the NDFB-S left Myanmar early on Saturday. The Indian Army escorted the leaders and cadres from the International border to an undisclosed Army base.” “The outfit’s chief, B Saoraigwra, and his family members along with his security personnel crossed the international border at Tamu (in Manipur), while NDFB-S’ (self-styled) general secretary B Ferrenga, council members and other cadres entered India through the Longwa international border (in Nagaland),” he added. Though the Director General of Assam Police, Bhaskarjyoti Mahanta, refused to comment on the development, a senior intelligence officer said, “All this is being directly monitored by Ministry of Home Affairs. We have not been informed officially yet. The top leadership of the group will be taken to Delhi as part of peace talks.”..."
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Source/publisher: "News 18" (UK)
2020-01-11
Date of entry/update: 2020-01-12
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Sub-title: In a statement NSCN-IM stated, “Nagas were forcibly divided by the colonial power and placed them in different administrative units for political reason known to all. The terms - the Indian Nagas, Burmese Nagas, Manipur Nagas, Assam Nagas, Arunachal Nagas and Nagas of Nagaland state are derogatory language used by the colonialists.
Description: "GUWAHATI: NSCN-IM stated that political settlement with the Government of India cannot cover Nagas in Myanmar. That will be the second phase to be settled with the Myanmar Government. In a statement NSCN-IM stated, “Nagas were forcibly divided by the colonial power and placed them in different administrative units for political reason known to all. The terms - the Indian Nagas, Burmese Nagas, Manipur Nagas, Assam Nagas, Arunachal Nagas and Nagas of Nagaland state are derogatory language used by the colonialists. Integration of the divided Naga ancestral domains is the inherent right of the Nagas, and that the Government of India has officially recognized the legitimate right of the Nagas to integration of all Naga areas. By integration, it means – geo-political integration based on sovereign right of the Nagas, not that of the Indian or Burmese constitution.”..."
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Source/publisher: "The Economic Times" (India)
2020-01-08
Date of entry/update: 2020-01-09
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Description: "At a time when talks between the Centre and Naga groups have reportedly reached the final stage, some top commanders of the NSCN (I-M) faction are said to be camping along the India-Myanmar border area. According to News18 report, Phungting Shimrang, former army chief and senior member of the NSCN (I-M), has reportedly gone to Yunan province in China with two of his trusted comrades. A leader of the Yung Aung-led NSCN (K) faction told News18, “Phungting and his two comrades reached China via eastern Nagaland (Naga self-administered areas in Myanmar) in the second half of October. The three leaders are trying to talk to the Chinese authorities for aid in their fight against India.” “NSCN (I-M) (army chief) Anthony Shimray has also left the outfit’s headquarters camp in Hebron and is staying in an undisclosed location along the India-Myanmar border,” the leader added. ULFA(Independent) chief Paresh Baruah told News18 over the phone, from an undisclosed location, that “Phungting Shimrang will not return to Camp Hebron along with his comrades. They have realised that GoI is not ready to give more power to the Nagas, especially as far as the flag and constitution are concerned. Hence, they are ready to fight again.” ..."
Source/publisher: "Nagaland Post" (India)
2019-11-21
Date of entry/update: 2019-11-22
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Sub-title: Assam Rifles ‘deploys’ jawans at frontier villages of Kamjong in Manipur; stocking of ration, essential items being carried out for over a week now, say sources
Description: "Apprehending that cadres of some Manipuri and Naga militant outfits based in Myanmar may create law-and-order problems in Manipur following the recent talks with the Centre and the NSCN-IM in New Delhi, security arrangements have reportedly been intensified in the areas bordering Myanmar. Sources informed EastMojo that a group of Assam Rifles personnel were deployed at Phungtha village, the second last village of Manipur from the international border in Kamjong district, on November 5. Kamjong town, the district headquarters, is located 120 km from state capital Imphal along the state highway. “From November 5 onwards, there have been some movement in the village as Assam Rifles has deputed a group of 25 jawans in the area. Stocking of ration and other essential materials is also being carried out in the area for more than a week,” sources told EastMojo. In Chamu village, considered as the last village from Manipur side along the India-Myanmar border, it has been reported that a full battalion of Assam Rifles has been deployed in the area. A ‘Major’-level officer of the Assam Rifles, who didn’t want to be named, told EastMojo that the battalion has been deployed to check infiltration of militants through the village..."
Source/publisher: "EastMojo" (India)
2019-11-07
Date of entry/update: 2019-11-08
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Description: "The National Socialist Council of Nagaland’s (NSCN) new chairman Yung Aung has expelled five leading members because they encouraged the group to sign the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA) while in custody. The five jailed members were sacked “for their continuous effort to propagate and encourage the signing of the NCA, which is completely against the political principles of the party”, the NSCN said in a statement. The ousted members are the Home Affairs Minister and retired Major General Angmai, Religious Affairs Minister U Kyaw Wan Sein, Forestry Minister U An Kam (also known as Angkan), Central Council member U Saw Htin and a Naga army lieutenant colonel, Aung Sai. The statement said the five “deliberately” conspired and mobilized regarding the NCA, which is directly against the party’s policy. All authority and privileges enjoyed by them have been canceled. The NSCN, the Naga armed group based in Myanmar, is trying to establish Nagaland, together with Naga rebels across the border in India..."
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Source/publisher: "The Irrawaddy" (Thailand)
2019-11-04
Date of entry/update: 2019-11-05
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Topic: Nagaland
Topic: Nagaland
Description: "All Konyak apex organizations comprising of Konyak Union, Konyak Konyak Nyupuh Sheko Khong, Konyak Studens’ Union, Mon District GBs Union, Konyak Village Council Union, Mon District VDB Association, Konyak Baptist Bumeinok Banjum, all Konyak Union units and Konyak Union Advisory Board Council convened a meeting on the Naga Political issue on Wednesday. According to a press statement issue by Konyak Union (KU) president Howing Konyak and general secretary Wango Konyak, the meeting unanimously adopted a number of resolutions In the first, the KU called for a holistic, peaceful and honourable solution accommodating the aspirations of all section of the Naga society. It reiterated that the demand for Frontier Nagaland should included in the final settlement while claiming that past Naga political agreements have only brought adversities and instabilities to Eastern Nagaland. The KU while lamenting that had other Nagas paid heed to their call for “Unity first, Solution next” on the Naga political cause, Nagas could have an already achieved a breakthrough in its political aspiration today. It stated that Nagas missed many opportune political opportunities on account of our disunity and greed..."
Source/publisher: "The Morung Express" (India)
2019-10-31
Date of entry/update: 2019-11-04
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Description: "APO emergency executive council meet: Kohima, October 13 (MExN): The Angami Public Organisation (APO) has convened an emergency executive council meeting with the advisory board on October 16, 10:00 am at APO hall, Kohima. APO in a press release has requested all its executive council members and advisory board members to attend the meeting without fail. Suspension order to be duly investigated: NPCC: Dimapur, October 13 (MExN): In reference to NPCC suspension order no. NPCC/Admn-8/2015 dated October 9, the NPCC today said that the matter will be duly investigated by Disciplinary Action Committee of NPCC on the suspension of I Asang Jamir, President of ACCC 2-Dimapur II, and “error if any shall be appropriated as deemed fit and proper.” The fact remained that acting against the AICC’s directive, the 150th Birth Anniversary celebration of Mahatma Gandhi was disrupted by preventing the Padyatra on October 2, during which NPCC Secretary was manhandled while internal issue was also brought to the public domain, a press release from NPCC Communication Department stated. “Compromise between individuals at a personal level is laudable, however the action against the party’s programmes and policies will meet its logical conclusion,” it added..."
Source/publisher: "The Morung Express" (India)
2019-10-13
Date of entry/update: 2019-11-04
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Sub-title: With Naga peace talks extending beyond October 31, rebel group NSCN (IM) is now looking at the possibility of setting up camps in Myanmar if the demand for a separate Naga flag and constitution is not agreed by the Centre.
Description: "Naga rebel group National Socialist Council of Nagaland (Isak-Muivah) that has been part of ongoing talks for a peace accord with the Centre along with other groups is exploring the option of setting up base in Myanmar as there seems to be no breakthrough in the discussions. The rebel group that earlier agreed to peace talks is not on-board with the Centre on most contentious issues like a separate flag and constitution for Nagaland. The government has made it clear that these two demands will not be met but NSCN (IM) is not willing to relent, sources said. Ground intelligence inputs suggest that two of the group's top leadership have already crossed over to Myanmar to set up camps there. Around 300-500 armed cadres have also managed cross into Myanmar and are camping at Koki opposite Shera, says a recent intelligence report. There are indications that NSCN (IM) is not likely to be part of the peace accord..."
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Source/publisher: "India Today" (India)
2019-10-29
Date of entry/update: 2019-10-31
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Sub-title: Improvements in education since 2011 are bringing positive change for children in the remote hills of the Naga Self-Administered Zone.
Description: GROWING UP in the remote Naga hills shortly after Burma gained independence from the British, there was almost no access to education for people such as Eno Jüvsügmiu Makury. However, Jüvsügmiu Makury had more opportunities than most of his fellow Naga to attend school. His parents passionately believed in education’s ability to change lives for the better, so they sent him to study until Grade 3 at a school in Htamanthi. The town on the Chindwin River is nearly 700 kilometres by road northwest of Mandalay and on the edge of what is today the Naga Self-Administered Zone. The SAZ borders India and is comprised of three townships – Lahe, Leshi and Namyun – in Sagaing Region. For Naga of Jüvsügmiu Makury’s generation, there were few opportunities to continue studying beyond Grade 3. But he had a stroke of luck. In 1953, he benefitted from an initiative by then-Prime Minister U Nu to bring people from remote areas of the country to Rangoon to continue their education. Jüvsügmiu Makury studied at the Central High School in the capital’s downtown Latha Township, today known as Basic Education High School 1 Latha. Coming from one of the country’s most isolated areas, Jüvsügmiu Makury said he expected to be impressed by the country’s capital. Instead he found a city that had been devastated by World War II and was also being affected by the fighting against the Communist Party of Burma and the Karen National Defence Organisation, the forerunner of the Karen National Liberation Army..."
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Source/publisher: "Frontier Myanmar" (Myanmar)
2019-07-02
Date of entry/update: 2019-10-07
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Sub-title: Alleging that the ongoing operations are being conducted in coordination with Indian security forces, Naga Hoho urged the military forces of both India and Myanmar for immediate cessation of the ongoing military action against the Nagas.
Description: "Perturbed by the alleged military operations being carried out in the Naga areas of Myanmar by the military junta, Naga bodies are expressing their concern over the safety of innocent Naga civilians. Mizima news Myanmar reported that Myanmar army launched operation against the Nationalist Socialist Council of Nagaland- Khaplang (NSCN-K) faction Thursday last week near Hoyat village along the Indo-Myanmar border. The army accused NSCN-K of violating ceasefire signed in 2012 by harbouring militant outfits from the north-eastern region. It is reported that the militant action is conducted in the Naga Self Administered Zone. Naga Hoho, the apex body of Naga civil rights, cautioned Monday that the “indiscriminate” military action has the potential to result in a widespread Naga uprising. Chuba Ozukum, president of Naga Hoho, said, “We are trying to establish contacts with those affected Naga villages. We have been told that the villagers are facing untold misery. They are reportedly confined and not allowed to move around.” “It is further alarming to note that the ongoing operations are being conducted in coordination with the Indian security forces,” the outfit Naga Hoho said in a statement..."
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Source/publisher: "The Indian Express" (India)
2019-05-20
Date of entry/update: 2019-10-06
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Topic: Nagaland, Travel, North Eastern States Of India
Topic: Nagaland, Travel, North Eastern States Of India
Description: "Nagaland, a picturesque state in the northeast of India, has everything on offer to satisfy solo travellers as well as adventure tourists. There are sceptics who stress that Nagaland is not tourist-friendly. However, a visit to the place would prove that all such allegations are far from the truth. In fact, Nagaland is a paradise for solo travellers. With stunning natural landscape, unique culture, age-old traditions, rich biodiversity and pleasant climate, the state is considered one among the most colourful places in India..."
Source/publisher: "Onmanorama" (India)
2019-09-23
Date of entry/update: 2019-10-06
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Sub-title: The Naga Self-Administered Zone on the border with India is poor and isolated, but a new bridge and upgraded roads carry promises of development. Meanwhile, its administrative autonomy is likely to remain limited.
Description: "AT THE END of a northbound flight from Yangon or Mandalay, passing over the jade mines of Kachin State, or a truck journey that follows the Chindwin River, lies Khamti. The small town in northwest Sagaing Region is a gateway to one of Myanmar’s remotest, least-developed corners, the Naga Self-Administered Zone. Native to a mountain tract that overlaps northeastern India and northwestern Myanmar, the Naga, who number about two million people, are comprised of more than 40 tribes that had little contact with the outside world until British colonisers made inroads in the nineteenth century. Colonisation resulted in many tribes being introduced to, or induced into, Christianity, which contributed to a more unified “Naga” identity. More than 95 percent of the Naga are now said to identify as Christians, most being Baptist, though some remain animists. In World War Two, the Naga sided with the Allies and fought against the Japanese and the legacies of that conflict include old aeroplane parts and bomb shells still used as gates or flower pots in Naga villages..."
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Source/publisher: "Frontier Myanmar" (Myanmar)
2019-04-09
Date of entry/update: 2019-10-06
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Sub-title: NGOs are filling healthcare gaps in one of the country’s poorest regions, but building trust and navigating bad roads remain formidable challenges.
Description: "HIGH IN the Naga Hills, at Hay Khun village, less than 25 kilometres from the border with India, women and children wrapped in traditional handmade blankets gather at a small wooden schoolhouse where a mobile medical clinic has been set up for the evening. By the morning, the doctors and nurses will have treated 27 people for ailments ranging from sore eyes to minor wounds, and provided pregnancy tests, all for free. The clinic is one of the several initiatives by international and domestic non-government organisations to help the government provide healthcare in one of Myanmar’s poorest areas, the Naga Self-Administered Zone, in Sagaing Region in the northwest of the country. The remote location of the Naga SAZ, which was established under the 2008 Constitution, has meant that the development of infrastructure, such as roads and telecommunications towers, has been slow. Its remoteness has also majorly limited the provision of healthcare. Many villages are accessible only by footpaths, and contact with health professionals is infrequent. Villagers speak of following practices rooted in their animist past before the arrival of missionaries and their conversion to Christianity, such as livestock sacrifices and drinking animal blood, when seeking cures for illness. A measles outbreak in 2016 that killed more than 40 people put the healthcare gaps in the Naga SAZ and their impact on its 62,000 residents in the national spotlight. Staff of the Ministry of Health and Sports claim they are doing what they can..."
Creator/author:
Source/publisher: "Frontier Myanmar"
2019-04-29
Date of entry/update: 2019-08-17
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Sub-title: The future of the NSCN-K
Description: "In what appeared to be a coordinated effort between the Myanmar and Indian militaries, operations against Indian insurgents on the Indian side of the border and the Naga Socialist Council of Nagaland – Khaplang (NSCN-K) in Sagaing, Myanmar, have largely been successful in diminishing the threat the NSCN-K posed to both governments. Hostilities between the Tatmadaw and the NSCN-K heightened after 400 soldiers from six battalions led by the Hkamti district tactical commander under the Tatmadaw’s North-West Command took control of the NSCN-K’s headquarters in Taga area of Nanyun township on January 29, 2019. A month later ‘Operation Sunshine-1’ from February 22 to 26, occurred with the Indian Army acting against suspected Arakanese Army (AA) camps inside Indian territory, with fleeing Arakan troops arrested by the Myanmar Army on their side. The move was largely seen as a tit-for-tat action to encourage Myanmar to increase operations against anti-India rebels. The latest operation known as ‘Operation Sunshine-2’, took place between May 16 and June 8, and included two battalions of the Indian Army — along with Special Forces, Assam Rifles and infantry Ghataks (commandos) — on the Indian side of the border, while clearance action was taken by four brigades of the Myanmar Army resulting in around 70-80 insurgents being detained. 1 Although, the NSCN-K is based in Myanmar’s Sagaing division its primary dispute is with the Indian Government as it wants to create a united independent Nagaland based on a federal system2 that is to include parts of Manipur, Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh in India and parts of Sagaing Division. 3 That said, however, the group's presence, its support for Indian rebel groups, and its refusal to take part in the Myanmar Peace Process remain a contentious issue within the Myanmar government..."
Creator/author:
Source/publisher: Euro Burma Office (EBO)
2019-07-00
Date of entry/update: 2019-08-04
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Format : pdf
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Description: "Eastern Nagaland has greatly suffered under the coercive control of the Burmese military junta, and is undoubtedly one of the most forgotten and least developed areas in the whole world. In a land that was forcibly divided by the British, and later annexed by Indian and Burmese forces, development is non-existent. Naga people continue to suffer due to decades of political games that have resulted in severe lack of education, electricity, hospitals or medicine. While most people survive with shifting cultivation, many lives are lost for opium as well as for the continuing battle against oppression. Read on to understand more about the Naga culture and the humanitarian situation in Eastern Nagaland as told by Shapwon, an Eastern Naga leader who founded Eastern Naga Development Organization (ENDO) in exile in Thailand."
Source/publisher: Burma Link
Date of entry/update: 2016-03-19
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
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Description: "hapwon is a leader of the Naga. He joined the nationalist movement in 1975 and is now the Joint Secretary of Naga National Council. He is a leader who is still miraculously alive after all his colleagues have been wiped out by Indian and Burmese forces as well as Naga socialists. For decades, numerous groups have tried to assassinate Shapwon in this present day head hunt. His love for his people has caused him great suffering, but there is no other way this brave leader could have chosen to live. This is part 1 of Shapwon?s story ? Nothing short of a Hollywood thriller."...See the Alternate link for part 2.
Source/publisher: Burma Link
Date of entry/update: 2016-03-19
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
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Description: "Nagaland was once a free land with rich and unique cultural traditions that varied from village to village, each village ruled by their own chieftains. The faith of the Naga took an ugly turn after the British divided Nagaland without the consent or knowledge of the Naga who refused to acknowledge an arbitrary borderline that ran through villages, fields, and even homes. After the British left, Indian and Burmese forces occupied Naga homeland, following an agreement by their leaders that the Western part of Nagaland was to be ruled by India and Eastern part by Burma. The Nagas never succumbed to the foreign occupation ? Naga warriors have now been fighting a desperate struggle for freedom and sovereignty for over six decades. In this rare in-depth interview, W. Shapwon, an Eastern Naga leader and Joint Secretary of the Naga National Council, reveals the troubling history and current issues of Naga Hills and talks about the dreams of the Naga nation."
Source/publisher: Burma Link
Date of entry/update: 2016-03-15
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
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Description: "April 2014 saw the coming together of twenty-one armed ethnic groups that have been in conflict with the Burmese Government. The aim of the talks was to discuss a nationwide ceasefire agreement between armed ethnic groups and the Government?s negotiating team which also included members of the armed forces. One of these groups, the National Socialist Council of Nagaland ? Khaplang (NSCN-K), appeared at the meeting in somewhat complex circumstances. It remains unclear as to what exactly the goal of the NSCN-K is in relation to the peace process in Burma. Although based in Burma, its primary motivation is conflict with the Indian Government in its attempts to create a united Nagaland which is to also include parts of Manipur, Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh , consequently they have primarily fought the Assam Rifles (AR) and other Naga factions and not the Burma Army. That said however, it also claims parts of Sagaing Division, where the group is based, as being part of a united Nagaland, and it seeks total independence for Nagaland consisting of parts of India and Burma joined together. .."
Creator/author: Paul Keenan
Source/publisher: Burma Centre for Ethnic Studies (BCES) Briefing Paper No., 21
2014-04-00
Date of entry/update: 2014-06-12
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 173.88 KB
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Description: "Mokokchung (Nagaland), July 1. � The NSCN-K will turn its attention to Myanmar after the Naga political problem is settled with India and bring all Nagas together in "one sovereign country. The NSCN-K and the Centre declared a ceasefire on 28 April after about a year of "informal" truce. "The NSCN-K general secretary and "prime minister" of the "government of People?s Republic of Nagaland", Mr N Kitovi Zhimomi, told The Statesman somewhere in Mokokchung district that half the Naga population lives in Myanmar and his organisation cannot rest till they (Nagas in Myanmar) and their land are freed from Myanmarese occupation and integrated with other Nagas and the areas inhabited by them in Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur and the present state of Nagaland as on sovereign nation..."
Creator/author: Dipankar Roy
Source/publisher: The Statesman (New Delhi) via Mizzima
2001-07-02
Date of entry/update: 2010-12-13
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : html
Size: 8.85 KB
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Description: Separatist leader sets terms for peace with India... "Thuingaleng Muivah, head of the separatist group National Socialist Council of Nagaland, has given New Delhi an ultimatum. Eight years of negotiations with the Indian government have yielded no results. If no acceptable settlement is reached by January 31, 2006—the date that existing ceasefire agreements will expire—he will suspend all negotiations and return to the jungles of northeastern India, along the border with Burma, to resume an armed opposition movement that began nearly 50 years ago. The ranks of the NSCN have swelled to some 6,000 soldiers since the group signed a ceasefire agreement in 1997. A fellow opposition group, the United Liberation Front of Assam, has now promised to back the NSCN in the event of a final breakdown in peace talks, making the Naga contingent an even more potent threat. In an interview with The Irrawaddy?s correspondent Subir Bhaumik, Muivah explains the conditions for a lasting peace between India and Nagaland..."
Creator/author: Thuingaleng Muivah
Source/publisher: "The Irrawaddy" Vol. 14, No. 1
2006-01-17
Date of entry/update: 2010-10-04
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
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Description: "The Naga, sandwiched between Burma and India, have had a tough lot. If geo-politics and geo-strategy can be labeled academically as ?frontiers”, then the military and political histories and realities of South Asia?s oldest insurgency—by the fiercely independent Naga of India and Burma—definitely have a long way to go. The Naga ethnic minority of almost four million people inhabit a 48,000 square mile contiguous frontier area of Burma, China and India..."
Creator/author: Kekhrie Yhome
Source/publisher: "The Irrawaddy" Vol. 12, No. 6
2004-06-00
Date of entry/update: 2004-10-07
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
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Description: Mokokchung, Oct 31 "Eastern Nagaland (western Myanmar) will be more dangerous to India than Pakistan if the Government of India ignores SS Khaplang in the peace process to find a solution to the Naga political problem," warns, N Kitovi Zhimomi, General Secretary of NSCN-K. During a "face-to-face" with a group of journalists at his present fortified base camp here the self-styled Atu Kilonser (Prime Minister) of "Government of People's Republic of Nagaland (GPRN)", Zhimomi claimed : "People's mandate is with NSCN-K as the leaders of other faction (NSCN-IM) who are remote controlling revolution from abroad, have lost their credibility and contact with people."...
Creator/author: Bijay Sankar Bora
Source/publisher: (Indian newspaper?) Zoland Online via Chinland
2001-10-31
Date of entry/update: 2003-06-03
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
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