Urban displacement
Websites/Multiple Documents
Source/publisher:
US Dept. of State
Date of entry/update:
2007-02-08
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
Urban displacement
Language:
English
Format :
htm
Size:
27.33 KB
Local URL:
US_State-extracts_on_urban_displacement.htm
US_State-extracts_on_urban_displacement.htm more
Description:
"This compendium focuses on recent articles related to the development of industrial estates in the major urban centres of Myanmar. Although the clustering of traditional craft industries was common in towns and cities throughout Burma in the colonial era, it was not until the 1950s that modern industrial complexes such as those in the Pyay district of central Burma and in several parts of Rangoon began to take shape. The displacement of urban core residents and small enterprises that took place in the late fifties also led to the development of industrial sites in satellite towns on the east side of the capital. But it was only in the 1990s, following the opening to privately owned industries by Burma?s military government, that the push to develop industrial zones throughout the country began in earnest.
Today there are more than fifty industrial parks scattered throughout the country, about half of them in the area around the national capital. Some, like the new complexes at Indagaw near Bago and the two near Kyaukse in Upper Myanmar are exclusively reserved for state-owned factories. Others are being developed with foreign capital for foreign-owned enterprises or foreign companies that have entered into joint-venture agreements with holding companies of the military government. Most of the new industrial estates are being developed by the Department of Human Settlement and Housing Development of the Ministry of Construction specifically for privately owned industries. Over 6,000 of the 50,000 privately owned manufacturing enterprises in the country are now accommodated in these zones. Recently, several privately owned land development companies have begun their own industrial parks in the Yangon area in collaboration with the DHSHD.
The articles in the compendium are arranged in chronological order with the most recently published at the top of the list.
The articles have been selected on the basis that they are representative of initiatives and challenges faced in the rapidly developing industrial zones of Myanmar. Internet search engines such as Google will yield many more references on any one of the many zones named here. Researchers should bear in mind that place names in Myanmar are frequently spelled in a variety of ways in English. Thus, the use of different spellings as search words may result in a considerable increase in the amount of information generated."
Source/publisher:
Courier Information Services
Date of entry/update:
2005-04-17
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Language:
English
Format :
html doc pdf
Size:
445.37 KB 588 KB 786.24 KB
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Description:
Articles on this category from BurmaNet News (2004-2016)
Source/publisher:
BurmaNet News
Date of entry/update:
2016-03-01
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
Land confiscation for military, commercial and other purposes, Burma/Myanmar: "Development"-induced displacement, Burma: Internal displacement/forced migration of several ethnic groups., Urban displacement, Tenure insecurity in Burma (including land grabbing)
Language:
English
more
Individual Documents
Description:
"Of some 60,000 people internally displaced (IDPs) in Rakhine State due to armed conflict, civil society organizations say that those in some townships have been unable to get humanitarian assistance.
According to the Rakhine Ethnics Congress (REC), more than 3,000 IDPs in Mrauk-U and 1,000 in Ponnagyun, as well as a number of vulnerable communities in Buthidaung and Maungdaw townships are in need of emergency aid.
“IDPs in Phakywe and Ahtet Myat Lae in Ponnagyun Township and Sinbaw Kai and Chawmi in Mrauk-U Township, and on the east bank of Mayu River in Buthidaung and Maungdaw townships have been suffering because the road cannot be used in the rainy season, and the army has blocked the waterway. So they haven’t gotten any assistance. They are really suffering,” secretary of REC Zaw Zaw Tun told NMG.
In Buthidaung Township, there are nearly 2,360 IDPs in five communities, and more than 630 at two sites in Maungdaw.
“IDP camps which are located in the area of the army’s active movements as well as those far from municipal areas—these IDPs have suffered more than others,” Zaw Zaw Tun said.
Local sources told NMG that civil society organizations and non-governmental organizations have provided assistance to displaced people in areas closer to towns and where roads remain open and accessible..."
Source/publisher:
"BNI Multimedia Group"
Date of publication:
2019-08-27
Date of entry/update:
2019-08-27
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Arakan (Rakhine) State - reports etc. by date (latest first), Armed conflict in Shan State - displacement, mass exoduses and the humanitarian situation, Urban displacement
Language:
more
Description:
Burmese versions:
1.Introduction
2.Crime Prevention
3.Urban Policing
4.Countering Narcotics
5.Crowd Safety
"ဝေးလံခေါင်သီသော ကျေးလက်ဒေသရှိလူများမှ မြို့ပြပတ်ဝန်းကျင်များသို့ ပြောင်းရွှေ့လာပြီး၊ ၎င်းဖြစ်စဉ်ကြောင့် ဖြစ်ပေါ်လာသော အဆိုပါပတ်ဝန်းကျင်တစ်ဝိုက်ရှိ ပြောင်းလဲမှုများကို မြို့ပြဖြစ်ထွန်းလာခြင်း (Urbanization) ဟုခေါ်သည်။ နိုင်ငံရေးပြုပြင်ပြောင်းလဲမှု များနှင့် လျင်မြန်သော မြို့ပြဖြစ်ထွန်းလာခြင်းများသည် မြန်မာနိုင်ငံကို ပမာဏကြီးမားစွာ အသွင်ပြောင်းလဲစေသောကြောင့် နိုင်ငံ၏တိုးတက်လာသော မြို့ပြ လူဦးရေနှင့် ၎င်းတို့၏ လုံခြုံရေးနှင့် လုံခြုံရေးအသိကို အဆင့်မြှင့်ရန်၊ အစိုးရရုံးဌာနများ အချင်းချင်းကြားနှင့် အစိုးရနှင့် လူထုကြားတွင် လက်တွေ့ပူးပေါင်းလုပ်ဆောင်ရန် အခွင့်အရေးသစ်များ ပေါ်ထွက်လာပြီဖြစ်သည်။ ထိုသို့သော ပူးပေါင်းလုပ်ဆောင်မှုများကို အသိပေးရန် ပြုလုပ်ရာတွင် ဤမူဝါဒ စာတမ်းငယ်မှ မြို့ပြလုံခြုံရေးအယူအဆသဘောထားကို ရှင်းပြပေးပြီး မြန်မာနိုင်ငံရှိ မြို့များအတွင်းတွင် မြို့ပြလုံခြုံရေးသည် မည်သို့အဓိပ္ပာယ်သက်ရောက်သည်ကို ဥပမာများဖော်ပြပေးကာ၊ မြို့ပြလုံခြုံရေး ရရှိနိုင်ရန်တာဝန်ရှိသည့် အဓိက အစိုးရဌာနများကို ဖော်ထုတ်ပြထားသည်။ ဤစာတမ်းတွင် မြို့ပြလုံခြုံရေးကို အဆင့်မြှင့်တင်ရာတွင် နိုင်ငံတကာအတွေ့အကြုံများကို စုစည်းတင်ပြထားပြီး မြန်မာအစိုးရတာဝန်ရှိသူများမှ လုပ်ဆောင်နိုင်မည့် မူဝါဒအခွင့်အလမ်းများကိုလည်း ဖော်ပြထားသည်။"
Source/publisher:
Asia Foundation
Date of publication:
2018-06-00
Date of entry/update:
2018-10-03
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Urban displacement, Cities
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
4.18 MB
Local URL:
more
Description:
??Myanmar?s cities are growing - in size, complexity and importance. Urbanization, the movement of people from rural to urban areas, is taking place and over a third of Myanmar?s population now live in towns and cities. The experience of other Asian countries and the rest of the world suggests this trend will continue.1 Over the next decades Yangon is expected to grow faster than most other cities in Asia, and the urban population outside Yangon is expected to grow faster still.2
Cities are important hubs of economic and social activity. They can be powerful forces for economic development and centers for human development. But without effective management cities can become plagued with problems of congestion, victims of their own success in attracting people. Lengthy traffic jams, piles of uncollected garbage, expanding slums and flooded streets are all too familiar examples.
The management of cities is a difficult challenge in any country, but especially in Myanmar where decision makers have less access to data and evidence than their international peers. Good decisions require access to good information. That means drawing on a range of data sources.
One source of information, that has historically been ignored, is the direct views and opinions of the people of Myanmar. Under Myanmar?s periods of military rule, this meant the public had ?little or no influence on problem recognition and issue selection by government”.3 The democratic transition, however nascent, has galvanized many in government to seek to understand the needs of the people so that they can better respond to them...??
Source/publisher:
Asia Foundation
Date of publication:
2017-06-27
Date of entry/update:
2018-10-02
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Cities, Urban displacement
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
2.93 MB
Local URL:
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Description:
??Urbanization is the movement of people from rural to urban environments, and the associated changes in
the built environment. As political reform and rapid urbanization drastically reshape Myanmar, new
opportunities are arising for practical collaboration between government agencies, and between the
government and the public, to improve the sense of safety and security of the country?s growing urban
population. In order to inform such collaboration, this policy brief provides an explanation of the concept of
urban safety, provides examples of what urban safety can mean in the context of Myanmar?s cities, and
identifies key government departments with responsibilities for achieving urban safety. The paper also
elaborates on international experiences in improving urban safety and offers a number of policy
opportunities that Myanmar governance actors may act on.
Globally, there is a trend toward urbanization. By 2030, 96 percent of all urbanization will occur in the
developing world. Within Myanmar, Yangon?s rapid and poorly-planned urbanization has drastically changed
the face of the city, while urban centers around the country are having to adjust to growing populations and
demand for services. This shift toward greater concentrations of population is having profound implications
for a wide range of issues that will make cities more or less livable, potentially increasing or diminishing the
sense of wellbeing among urban populations...??
Source/publisher:
Asia Foundation
Date of publication:
2018-06-00
Date of entry/update:
2018-10-02
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Urban displacement, Cities
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
1.7 MB
Local URL:
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Description:
"...While all-out street brawls might not be an everyday occurrence in Hlaing Tharyar, the township is awash with crime ? everything from fistfights, robberies, rapes and extortion to assaults and home detentions by lenders against debtors.
A senior police officer from the Hlaing Tharyar Myoma Police Station said some of these cases are brought to the attention of police, but many others are ?solved” by calling in local toughs who rely on intimidation.
Among the obstacles to maintaining rule of law in the township are the huge growth in population, and an insufficient police force. Last year?s census identified 684,700 residents, about half of whom are squatting illegally on land they do not own or rent. Many of these squatters are thought to have migrated to the area in the wake of Cyclone Nargis in May 2008..."
Khin Wine Phyu Phyu
Source/publisher:
"Myanmar Times"
Date of publication:
2015-08-28
Date of entry/update:
2015-08-30
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
more
Description:
"This report is based on information submitted to KHRG in September 2012 by a community member from Yangon Region trained by KHRG to monitor human rights conditions. It describes events occurring in Pyay City, Bago Division, on August 3rd 2012 when City Development Committee staff and policemen carried out a nighttime city-sweep to remove homeless families. The authorities used a public rubbish truck to forcibly detain the families and then to transport them to Okshittpin Forest, which is halfway between Pyay City and the border with Rakhine State. The families were abandoned in the forest during a monsoon rain, and were threatened not to return to Pyay. Both children and adults were threatened with prison if they returned. However, the families did return to Pyay, after they encountered several problems along the way, including being without food to eat for two days, not having baby formula for infants, inadequate shelter under which to sleep, and most of the younger children became sick. Once they returned to Pyay City, the families were assisted with medicine. Pocket money and education was provided to the children by a local organization."
Source/publisher:
Karen Human Rights Group (KHRG)
Date of publication:
2013-07-08
Date of entry/update:
2013-08-10
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
84.49 KB
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Description:
"While the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) continues its diplomatic manoeuvring claiming a ?return to normalcy? and courting favour with United Nations special envoy to Burma, Ibrahim Gambari, attacks on villages and military atrocities in northern Karen State have continued unabated. Nevertheless, local villagers continue to resist such abuse and speak out, where possible, against its daily perpetration. The report below comprises a translated account of the situation in Ler Muh Bplaw village tract, Lu Thaw township, Papun District written not by a KHRG researcher or any other of the organisation?s staff, but rather by a local village head from Ler Muh Bplaw village tract who testifies in his own words to the atrocities that continue to undermine rural lives and livelihoods. The report discusses SPDC operations including attacks on villages and the killing of civilians as well as the state of health and education for the communities of Ler Muh Bplaw village tract. The text of the report is supported with photographs taken by KHRG field researchers..."
Source/publisher:
Karen Human Rights Group Field Report (KHRG #2007-F9)
Date of publication:
2007-10-24
Date of entry/update:
2009-11-07
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Urban displacement, Forced relocation of Karen
Language:
English
more
Description:
The population of Yangon has experienced coercive
resettlement on a truly massive scale under military rule..."With its huts to
apartments? scheme, the SPDC claims
to have placed many squatters in
new multi-storey housing on the site
of or near their former dwellings.
However, forced relocation in Yangon,
Mandalay and other cities in central
Burma continues today; victims of
fires, for example, are not allowed
to rebuild their old neighbourhoods
and residential areas are cleared to
make way for new roads, apartments
and shopping centres. This is an
environment where the land rights
of ordinary citizens, whatever their
ethnicity, remain unrecognised..."
Donald M Seekins
Source/publisher:
"Forced Migration Review" No. 30
Date of publication:
2008-04-22
Date of entry/update:
2008-11-30
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Urban displacement
Language:
English, Burmese
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Description:
from Dawn, Vol. 2 No. 13, July 1990...
"Recently, a report, with, photos was received from friends inside Burma. The report contains interviews with people who were recently relocated, under duress, to areas around Rangoon called "New Towns". Few such reports have been received, so DAWN wishes to give extra space in this issue to this reality of life in Burma
today..."
Source/publisher:
Dawn
Date of publication:
1990-07-05
Date of entry/update:
2007-03-04
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Urban displacement
Language:
English
Format :
pdf pdf
Size:
31.96 KB 383.31 KB
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Description:
"...Sources say the industrial zones are creating another headache: forced relocations of villagers. The source says that farmers have been forced to give up their prized land in Mingaladon north of Rangoon to make way for Mitsui?s industrial park. "There is no negotiation between the farmers and the government. The govenrment simply puts up a sign saying, ?Everybody must move by this date.? Everybody must obey it or else. Villages are silently angry but they don?t dare protest." Adds another local resident, explaining the public mentality about reallocations, "We have to obey the king. When the king says move, we have to move."..."
B.J. Lee
Source/publisher:
"The Nation"
Date of publication:
1997-01-17
Date of entry/update:
2007-01-25
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
htm
Size:
22.07 KB
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Description:
"Homeowners in Rangoon?s Kamaryut Township were told by military officials last week to evacuate their homes by April 5 or face arrest. The residents were not given any reasons for the forced relocation nor have they been offered any compensation thus far, Kamaryut residents told The Irrawaddy..."
Kyaw Zwa Moe
Source/publisher:
"The Irrawaddy"
Date of publication:
2002-04-02
Date of entry/update:
2007-01-24
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Urban displacement
Language:
English
more
Description:
"RIP: Rest In Pieces"...
On Nov 14th 1996, the Slorc posted a notice at the gate of Kyandaw Cemetery giving relatives one month?s notice to move the remains to a new site at Shwe Nyaung-bin, two hours drive from Rangoon.
Kyandaw cemetery is located on 50-70 acres of what has become prime real estate in downtown Rangoon, near Hantha-waddy intersection. Both Burmese and foreigners are buried there of Christian, Muslim, Hindu, and Buddhist faiths. Rumours abound in Rangoon as to what the military government wants the land for; a casino to be built by Khun Sa, a hotel to be built with foreign investment, or, a Japanese shopping center.
Whatever is planned for this land remains unknown as the Slorc refuse to specify at this stage. A Slorc spokesman, Major Hla Min stated on a recent Asian Business News television interview: "Yangon has changed, and the location of the cemetery, once it was probably on the outskirts of Yangon, but today its almost in the center of the city, so naturally it has to be relocated." ..."
Source/publisher:
"The Irrawaddy" Vol. 5, No. 1
Date of publication:
1997-01-01
Date of entry/update:
2007-01-24
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Urban displacement
Language:
English
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Description:
The oft-cited UN Habitat report on the 1989-1990 urban resettlement programme in Burma which the report estimates affected 1.5 million people (16 percent of the urban population). "...During the early months of 1990 international attention was focused on
the Yangon squatter clearance and resettlement programme launched by
the Government in 1989. The Mission found that the programme is not limited
to Yangon, but has broad national coverage. The scale and characteristics
of the land-development and other works was considered by the Mission to
be of such overwhelming significance to the present and future urban
situation that the Mission concentrated its resources on attempting to
assemble a comprehensive record of the programme and assessing the
impacts and implications.
The programme consists of: (a) land development for sites-and- services
resettlement schemes, and for complete housing units for public servants;
(b) new and improved roads; (c) urban rail transport; (d) road, rail and
pedestrian bridges; (e) parks and gardens; (f) redevelopment for commercial
and residential uses of sites cleared as a result of resettlement and fires; (g)
clean-up campaigns, building renovations, and repainting of facades; and
(h) rehabilitation of drains and water bodies.
For the size of the overall country population and for an urban population
of less than 10 million, the scale of works within the time period allocated is
probably unprecedented internationally. Based on visits to selected towns,
analysis of maps and layout plans, and the data supplied by GAD and HD,
the Mission estimates that the total population affected by the resettlement
and new housing components is in the order of 1.5 million, or 4 per cent of
the total population, and 16 percent of the urban population. Roughly 50 per
cent of this number is in Yangon, Mandalay, Taunggyi and Bago, all centres
visited by the Mission..."
Source/publisher:
The United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat)
Date of publication:
1991-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2007-01-10
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Urban displacement, Urban land use, Urban development
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
2.08 MB
Local URL:
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Description:
"Burma?s poverty means that even providing funerals for loved ones can be difficult if not impossible. But a new social welfare association is lending a helping hand...
Accompanied by some poor people, a famous Burmese movie star carries a coffin in Rangoon. In the coffin is the corpse of a poor man who is unrelated to the actor. This is not a scene for a film; it?s real. And to many people it?s amazing, because it?s so unheard of. The movie star, Kyaw Thu, has participated in many funerals as a sort of gravedigger, and he is vice president of a social welfare association known as the Free Funeral Services Society (FFSS)..."
Htain Linn
Source/publisher:
"The Irrawaddy" Vol. 11, No. 10, December 2003
Date of publication:
2003-12-00
Date of entry/update:
2004-02-14
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Civil Society, Urban displacement
Language:
English
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