British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports)
Websites/Multiple Documents
Source/publisher:
Wikipedia (Burmese)
Date of entry/update:
2013-12-18
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Websites/Multiple Documents
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British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports)
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Burmese
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Description:
British rule in Burma lasted from 1824 to 1948, from the Anglo-Burmese Wars through the creation of Burma as a province of British India to the establishment of an independently administered colony, and finally independence. Various portions of Burmese territories, including Arakan, Tenasserim were annexed by the British after their victory in the First Anglo-Burmese War; Lower Burma was annexed in 1852 after the Second Anglo-Burmese War. The annexed territories were designated the minor province (a Chief Commissionership), British Burma, of British India in 1862.[1] After the Third Anglo-Burmese War in 1885, Upper Burma was annexed, and the following year, the province of Burma in British India was created, becoming a major province (a Lieutenant-Governorship) in 1897.[1] This arrangement lasted until 1937, when Burma began to be administered separately by the Burma Office under the Secretary of State for India and Burma. Burma achieved independence from British rule on 4 January 1948....Contents:
1 Divisions of British Burma...
2 Background:
2.1 Burma before British colonization...
3 Arrival of the British in Burma...
4 Early British rule:
4.1 Administration;
4.2 Colonial economy;
4.3 Daily life under British rule...
5 Nationalist movement...
6 Burma separated from India...
7 World War II and Japan...
8 From the Japanese surrender to Aung San?s assassination...
9 See also...
10 Notes...
11 Further reading
Source/publisher:
Wikipedia
Date of entry/update:
2012-08-14
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports)
Language:
English
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Individual Documents
Description:
"...Table Contents: Early history of Burma, last year of native rule, the races of Burma, physical geography, executive divisions and towns, the administration, what to see in the province, products, trade, the tributary states, French trade with Burma, industries, miscellaneous, the Andaman Islands..."
Source/publisher:
Kham Koo Website
Date of publication:
1913-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2020-01-19
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Documents on social and economic history, British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports)
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PDF
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17.74 MB
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"... Table Contents: Chapter (1) Britain and France in further India and South-Western China, Chapter (2) Railways in Burma, and their proposed extension across Yunnan, Chapter (3) Burma's forest wealth and the maintenance of the teak timber supply, Chapter (4) Burmese Buddhism, Chapter (5) The Buddhist priesthood and religious ob-servances, Chapter (6) Burmese beliefs and superstitions, Chapter (7) National Habit and customs, Chapter (8) Traits of Burmese Character, Chapter (9) the social system, Chapter (10) National festivals and amusements, Chapter (11) Science and art among the Burmese, Chapter (12) Language and literature, Chapter (13) Wenthandaya: one the ten great "Birth Stories", Chapter (14) Folklore, Chapter (15) Archaeology, Chapter (16) The hill tribes...."
Source/publisher:
Kham Koo Website
Date of publication:
1901-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2020-01-19
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Documents on social and economic history, British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports)
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PDF
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"The record of an arduous journey of exploration and research through the unknown frontier territory of Burma and Tibet"
Captain F. KINGDON WARD
Source/publisher:
Seeley, Service & Co. (Publ.)
Date of publication:
1921-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2016-08-19
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports), Accounts of Burma by travellers, diplomats, merchants, soldiers et al
Language:
English
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pdf
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4.93 MB
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"...This article is concerned with the manner in which the Anglo-Burmese identified
themselves in the 1940s, through their perception of both the people of the suzerain nation
and those of the native Burmese (Burmans), with whom they had to share the same type of
livelihood. It also on the other hand concerns the issue as to how the two communities
realized the features of the Anglo-Burmese. The 1940s in Burma included the period of the
Japanese military occupation (1942-45), which for the Anglo-Burmese community was a
traumatic experience.
This article seeks to make clear the fact that the community of Anglo-Burmese not
only fortified their own identity, but also experienced an increase in their hatred for the
native Burmese. This was due to their having experienced the Japanese military
administration, since they suffered under the pressure of the Burmese nationalists who had
cooperated with Japan. It also seeks to clarify the fact of their dissatisfaction with the postwar
British reaction towards Burmese nationalists, since from their own point of view the
reaction was too conciliatory. Judging from their perspective, the fact that the post-war
British Government had decided to grant full independence to Burma by compromising
with the Burmese nationalists represented by Aung San and other pre-war anti-British
activists, was something unwelcome. In the final section of this article, some indications
will be presented as to how the ordinary Anglo-Burmese now living abroad recall their
experiences of the Japanese occupation period and after. This will enable us to clarify their
historical understanding of World War II and the independence of Burma..."
Kei Nemoto
Source/publisher:
The Journal of Sophia Asian Studies, No. 32, 2014... 上智アジア学 第32 号2014 年 目次 ...Burma Studies in Japan: History, Culture and Religion
Date of publication:
2014-12-27
Date of entry/update:
2015-09-23
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports), Institute of Asian Cultures
Language:
English
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pdf
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725.42 KB
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"Colonial Rangoon society embraced vast floating populations, constantly entering and
leaving the territory of Burma, a province of British India until 1937. This situation made it
difficult for the authorities to undertake police activities in the capital city of the province.
Dealing with undesirable ?outsiders” in Rangoon was an issue related to both the
governance of the city and the border control of the province. By the 1910s, the
Government of Burma and Rangoon Town Police discovered that expulsion of undesirable
?outsiders” was helpful for preventing crime in the city. At first, this policy targeted Chinese
riot ringleaders, but, during the 1920s, its scope was dramatically widened and the policy
changed qualitatively. This paper deals with the early phase of this process.
From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, overseas Chinese were present in
large numbers in the South China Sea region. For the emerging modern states in that region,
it was common to utilize the economic resources of the Chinese network as well as to
incorporate autonomous local Chinese communities into one unified, ruling state. As
previous studies correctly point out, the government of Burma constructed its policy
regarding the local Chinese population, especially in Rangoon, by referring to the early
experiences of the Straits Settlements. However, the similarity between the two colonies should not be overemphasized. Despite frequent cross-references, each emerging state
developed a different system of governing the Chinese to meet its own needs and
conditions. Because of a lack of primary sources, previous studies have not explained
concretely how the policy was introduced and practiced in Burma. As a result, the
chronology and the characteristics of the process remain obscure. Therefore, this paper aims
to clarify these by analyzing previously unexamined documents and to locate the process in
the wider context of urban governance in colonial Rangoon..."
OSADA Noriyuki
Source/publisher:
The Journal of Sophia Asian Studies, No. 32, 2014... 上智アジア学 第32 号2014 年 目次 ...Burma Studies in Japan: History, Culture and Religion
Date of publication:
2014-12-27
Date of entry/update:
2015-09-23
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports), Institute of Asian Cultures
Language:
English
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pdf
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706.1 KB
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Abstract:
"Burmese colonial history suggests that a legal system cannot operate independently from the
felt needs of the people who are supposed to obey the law. Despite a monopoly of force
for many decades, the British failed to create a sustainable legal system in Burma. Colonial
status shifted Burma?s economic role from subsistence agriculture to the generation of
large-scale exports. By undermining the traditional Burmese legal system and substituting
Western international standards of property rights, enforceability of contracts, and an independent judiciary
—
all attributes of what some consider to be the
?Rule of Law”—
the legal
system amplified and channelled destructive economic and social forces rather than containing
them. This paper examines traditional Burmese law, the administration of law in British
Burma, and the consequences of the new legal system for the country and its own stability.
The paper concludes by suggesting lessons for Myanmar today, and for the study of the
?Rule of Law." .....
Keywords: Rule of Law,
colonial law, law and custom, law and development, colonial
administration, Burma, Myanmar
Thomas H. Stanton
Source/publisher:
Asian Journal of Law and Society / FirstView Article / January 2014, pp 1 - 1
Date of publication:
2014-01-00
Date of entry/update:
2015-09-14
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Legal history and philosophy of Burma (texts and commentary), Rule of Law - Burma/Myanmar-specific, British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports), Legal Pluralism - Burma/Myanmar-specific
Language:
English
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pdf
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251.98 KB
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King Thibaw was dethroned on 29 Nov. 1885. The proclamation of 1 Jan. 1886 declared Upper Burma to be an
integral part of the British Empire. Diffferent kinds of administration for Upper Burma were contemplated: a
buffer state, a protected state, a semi-protected state, and a regency were considered, but all were found
impracticable. While the people expected a Myanmar Prince appointed by the British to succeed Thibaw, the
Chambers of Commerce strongly advocated outright annexation. When Lord Dufferin visited Mandalay to see
things for himself, he declined to receive the memorials submitted by the ex-Ministers. He recommended direct
administration as the best course, so the Hluttaw was abolished and Upper Burma incorporated in British India,
becoming a Scheduled District.....Subject Terms: 1. Myanmar- History- Begining of British administration in Upper Burma 1886...
2. Myanmar- Politics and government ( 1886- 1942 ).....
Key Words: 1. Dufferin, Lord...
2. Mandalay
KYAN, Daw
Source/publisher:
"Research in Burmese History", No. 4, pp161-167, 1979, Historical Research Department, via University of Washington
Date of publication:
1979-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2014-12-02
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Washington University, British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports)
Language:
Burmese/ မြန်မာဘာသာ (Metadata: English and Burmese)
Format :
pdf
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1.3 MB
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Description:
King Thibaw was deposed and deported to Madras on 10th Dec. 1885. Among those who accompanied the ex-Royal
family were seven young maids-of-honour. Some of them were said to be Kachin girls. They were unhappy in India and
became disobedient and troublesome. After four months they were sent back on the S.S. Asia. After their return the
British administration granted each a pension of Rs. 10 a month, as long as they remained unmarried.....Subject Terms:
Myanmar- History- King Thibaw, 1878- 1885.....
Key Words:
Maids-of-honour
KYAN, Daw
Source/publisher:
"Myawaddy",Vol. 17, No. 1, pp188-120, 1968-11, via University of Washington
Date of publication:
1968-11-00
Date of entry/update:
2014-12-02
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Washington University, British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports)
Language:
Burmese/ မြန်မာဘာသာ (Metadata: English and Burmese)
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pdf
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159.05 KB
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Description:
The author visited England in 1993 to see the Myanmar cannon on Calton Hill in Edinburgh. It was originally placed in
Danhawaddy (Yakhine) in 1784 during King Bodawpaya?s reign (1782 - 1819). After the Third Anglo - Burmese War,
this cannon was shipped with other Burmese guns to England as a present to Queen Victoria?s Court from General
Pendergast.....Subject Terms: 1. Myanmar army- cannon...
2. Myanmar- history
KYAN, Daw
Source/publisher:
"Kanaung Sethmu Sipwa Journal", Vol. 1, No. 3, pp29-30, 1994-03, via University of Washington
Date of publication:
1994-03-00
Date of entry/update:
2014-12-02
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Washington University, British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports)
Language:
Burmese/ မြန်မာဘာသာ (Metadata: English and Burmese)
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pdf
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207.38 KB
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About the Thapyedan Khan Myo or Fortress, near Mandalay, and the Thapyedan Fort on the bank of the Ayeyawady River
near its confluence with Myitnge River. This fort was known as "Greater Fort Royal" or "Shwekyetyet Fort". The
Myanmar kings prepared for war and built three fortresses on the Ayeyawady to protect their capital. These forts are
Thapyedan Fortress, Sagaing Fortress and Ava or Innwa Fortress.....Subject Terms:
Thapyedan Fort...
Key Words:
1. Fortresses...
2. Forts
KYAN, Daw
Source/publisher:
"Sit-pran", No. 98, pp29-33, 1986-11, via University of Washington
Date of publication:
1986-11-00
Date of entry/update:
2014-12-02
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports), Washington University
Language:
Burmese/ မြန်မာဘာသာ (Metadata: English and Burmese)
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pdf
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225.67 KB
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The British ruled Myanmar for nearly 100 years and during that period they issued circulars and vernacular acts which
were publish in the Burma Gazette. These old documents were found in 1978 Ayeyawady Division. The Peoples?
Council transferred many rare documents to Myanmar Historical Research Department. From these documents the
author selected administrative circulars, acts and vernacular acts as references for Myanmar historians. The article
includes the authorized Myanmar equivalents of official designations for public administration.....Subject Terms: 1. Myanmar - History - British Rule...
2. Myanmar-Politics and government...
3. Myanmar-Administrative terms.....
Key Words: 1. Administrative Terms...
2. Burma Gazette
KYAN, Daw
Source/publisher:
"Researches in Burmese History", Vol. 3, pp25-77, Historical Research Department via University of Washington
Date of publication:
1978-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2014-11-22
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Washington University, British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports), General and National administration
Language:
Burmese/ မြန်မာဘာသာ (Metadata: English and Burmese)
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pdf
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1.02 MB
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After the Second Anglo-Burmese War (1852-53) Lower Burma became a British possession and the security of the
Myanmar nation was threatened. King Mindon ordered construction of forts along the Ayeyawady River, one of which
was Gwe Chaung Fortress. In 1881 Major Douglas Mcneil, a military intelligence officer in the Indian Army, travelled
incognito up the Ayeyawady. He gathered detailed information and sketched the forts he passed through. This
intelligence was of great help to General Prendergast in his attack on Gwe Chaung......Subject Terms: 1. Gwe Chaung Fortress.....
Key Words: 1. Fortresses...
2. Forts.
KYAN, Daw
Source/publisher:
"Sit-pran" (No. 101) pp29-146, via University of Washington
Date of publication:
1987-02-00
Date of entry/update:
2014-11-22
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports), Washington University
Language:
Burmese/ မြန်မာဘာသာ (Metadata: English and Burmese)
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pdf
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344.75 KB
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After the Second Anglo-Burmese War, the British government ruled Lower Myanmar. The public paid many taxes one
of which was the poll tax, which required a married man to pay a larger tax than a single man....Subject Terms: 1. Taxation - Myanmar...2. Poll tax.....Key Words: 1. Poll tax...
2. Taxes
KYAN, Daw
Source/publisher:
"Myawaddy" Vol. 35 , No. 5, pp76-80, via University of Washington
Date of publication:
1987-03-00
Date of entry/update:
2014-11-21
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports), Washington University
Language:
Burmese/ မြန်မာဘာသာ (Metadata: English and Burmese)
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The author describes the condition of people in British Burma at annexation. British Burma comprised Arakan,
Tenasserim and Pegu in 1862 and was administered by a Chief Commissioner. The British annexed Upper Burma in Jan.
1886 and this paper deals with the general condition of the Myanmar people whose traditions were still very strong, and
barely tinged with Western influences. The new administrative and economic systems brought about major changes in
the social order. The author emphasizes economic conditions-- revenues and taxes--and colonial education at that time.....Subject Terms:
1. Myanmar - History - British rule (1885-1886),
2. Myanmar - Economic condition,
3. Myanmar - Politics and government,
4. Education - Myanmar...Key Words:
1. Revenues,
2. Taxes.
KYAN, Daw
Source/publisher:
"Burma Journal of Literary and Social Sciences", Vol. 2, No. 2, May 1969 via University of Washington
Date of publication:
1969-05-00
Date of entry/update:
2014-10-22
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Washington University, British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports)
Language:
Burmese/ မြန်မာဘာသာ (Metadata: English and Burmese)
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pdf
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First published in JBRS, Vol. II , Part II, ( December 1969 ). Describes how the British dethroned and deported King
Thibaw on Sunday, 29 November 1885. In January 1886 Upper Burma, excluding the Shan States, was transformed to a
directly administered ?scheduled district ?of India. Accordingly, the Hluttaw (Myanmar Privy Council) was abolished on
31st March 1886 and the Chief Commissioner, Sir Charles Bernard, took charge of the civil administration in Upper
Burma. An account of the village administration of Upper Burma during 1886 - 1887. At that time most of villages in
Upper Burma were rebelling, while both criminal and fiscal administration of the country was conducted by the
Myothugyi?s and Thugyis. During the year 1886 Upper Burma, excluding the Shan States, was parcelled out into (4)
divisions comprising (17) districts. With the development of the territorial system a territorial hierarchy was adopted,
with Divisional Commissioners, District Commissioners, Subdivisions officers and Township officers in charge of the
divisions, districts, subdivisions and townships respectively. In 1886 - 1887 British government forcibly introduced the
Upper Burma Village Regulation and the Thugyi system was swept away. The idea of one village one headman was
rejected.....Subject Terms:
1. Myanmar - Politics and government,
2. Villages - administration,
3. Cities and towns - Myanmar...Key Words:
1. Upper Burma...Annotation: "
KYAN, Daw
Source/publisher:
"Researches in Burmese History", Vol. 2, 1979 pp175-186, Historical Research Department, via Univeristy of Washington
Date of publication:
1979-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2014-10-22
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Washington University, British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports)
Language:
English
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pdf
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339.91 KB
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The British ruled Myanmar for nearly 100 years and during that period they issued circulars and vernacular acts which were publish in the Burma Gazette. These old documents were found in 1978 in the Ayeyawady Division. The Peoples?
Council transferred many rare documents to Myanmar Historical Research Department. From these documents the
author selected administrative circulars, acts and vernacular acts as references for Myanmar historians. The article
includes the authorized Myanmar equivalents of official designations for public administration....Subject Terms: 1. Myanmar - History - British Rule, 2. Myanmar - Politics and government, 3. Myanmar - Administrative terms.....Key Words: 1. Administrative Terms, 2. Burma Gazette
KYAN, Daw
Source/publisher:
"Researches in Burmese History", Vol. 2, 1978, pp123-129, Historical Research Dept., Via Univeristy of Washington
Date of publication:
1978-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2014-10-14
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Washington University, British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports), General and National administration
Language:
English and Burmese/ မြန်မာဘာသာ (Metadata: English and Burmese)
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pdf
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170.92 KB
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Political conditions of Myanmar immediately after the annexation (1886-87) as seen through the Indian press. The
people were governed by a new master. Rebels were branded as dacoits by a critical Indian press which ridiculed and
attacked Lord Dufferin?s direct administration. They called His Excellency a quack politician, not a farseeing statesman.
The press favoured a native prince on the Myanmar throne, a practice common in India. The press argued that the
English were suppressing the so-called dacoits at the expense of Indian tax-payers.....Subject Terms:
1. Myanmar - Political conditions, 1886-87;
2. Myanmar - History - British rule, 1886 - 1942.....
Key Words:
1. Indian Newspapers;
2. Annexation of Myanmar
KYAN, Daw
Source/publisher:
"Research in Burmese History", No.1, 1979, pp133-171, Myanmar Historical Research Department via University of Washington
Date of publication:
1977-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2014-10-12
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Washington University, British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports)
Language:
Burmese/ မြန်မာဘာသာ (Metadata: English and Burmese)
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pdf
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1.15 MB
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Description:
CHAPTER I - THE BACKGROUND:
1. Form and Function...
2. Geographical Background...
3. The Historical Background...
4. Administrative Background:
(a) Territorial administration;
(b) Departmental machinery;
(c) Local government;
(d) The Hill Tribes;
e) The Judiciary;
f) The Secretariat;
g) The Legislature...
5. The Japanese Interregnum...
6. The British Restoration...
7. Effects of Foreign Rule...
8. Problems of Public Administration...
9. The Constitution.....
CHAPTER II - THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT:
1. The President (Sections 45 ? 64)...
2. Parliament:
a) in the Constitution;
b) in operation...
3. The?Executive Government:
a) in the Constitution;
b) The Cabinet and Ministries;
c) Planning;
(d) Parties and pressure groups...
4. The Administrative Machinery:
(a) The Secretariat;
(b) The executive services;
(cj Autonomous agencies;
(d) The judiciary.....
CHAPTER III - LOCAL GOVERNMENT:
(a) Local Bodies;
(b) The village court;
(c) Township and District Councils.....
CHAPTER IV - REGIONAL GOVERNMENT:
1. Preliminary Negotiations...
2. The Panglong Agreement...
3. The Hill Peoples? Council...
4. The Rees-Williams Committee...
5. Federation in the Assembly...
6. Federation in the Constitution: general provision...
7. The Shan States...
8. The Kachin State (Section 166-179) ...
9. The Karen state (Section 180 - l8l) ...
10. The Kayah state (Section 182 - 195) ...
11. The Chin Special Division (Section 196 ? 198)...
CHAPTER V - POST MORTEM.....
SUPPLEMENT. THE NE WIN ADMINISTRATION AND AFTER
by John Seabury Thompson
J. S. Furnivall
Source/publisher:
Institute of Pacific Relations
Date of publication:
1960-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2012-09-05
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports), General studies (covering various periods and themes)
Language:
English
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pdf
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6.38 MB
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PREFACE:
"Upper Burma was invaded and annexed in the year
1885. The work hardly occupied a month. In the
following year the subjugation of the people by the destruction
of all formidable armed resistance was effected; lastly,
the pacification of the country, including the establishment
of an orderly government with peace and security, occupied
four years.
As head of the civil administration, I was mainly concerned
with this last phase.
It would be a difficult task to give a continuous history of
the military operations by which the country was subjugated.
The resistance opposed to our troops was desultory, spasmodic,
and without definite plan or purpose. The measures
taken to overcome it necessarily were affected by these
characteristics, although they were framed on definite
principles. A history of them would resolve itself into a
number of more or less unconnected narratives.
A similar difficulty, but less in degree, meets the attempt
to record the measures which I have included in the
term ?pacification.? Certain definite objects were always
before us. The policy to be followed for their attainment
was fixed, and the measures and instruments by
which it was to be carried out were selected and prepared.
But I have found it best not to attempt to follow
any order, either chronological or other, in writing this narrative.
My purpose in writing has been to give an intelligible narrative of the work done in Burma in the years following the annexation. It was certainly arduous work done under great difficulties of all kinds, and, from the nature of the case, with less chance of recognition or distinction than of disease or death. The work was, I believe, well done, and has proved itself to be good.
My narrative may not attract many who have no connection with Burma. But for those who served in Burma during the period covered by it, whether soldiers or civilians, it may have an interest, and especially for those still in the Burma Commission and their successors.
I hope that Field-Marshal Sir George White, V.C., to whom, and to all the officers and men of the Burma Field Force, I owe so much, may find my pages not without interest.
I have endeavoured to show how the conduct of the soldiers of the Queen, British and Indian, helped the civil administration to establish peace.
I believe, as I have said, that our work has been successful. The credit, let us remember, is due quite as much to India as to Britain. How long would it have taken to subjugate and pacify Burma if we had not been able to get the help of the fighting-men from India, and what would have been the cost in men and money? For the Burmans themselves I, in common with all who have been associated with them, have a sincere affection. Many of them assisted us from the first, and from the Upper Burmans many loyal and capable gentlemen are now helping to govern their country justly and efficiently.
It has been brought home to me in making this rough
record how many of those who took part in this campaign against disorder have laid down their lives. I hope I may have helped to do honour to their memories.
I have to thank all the kind friends who have sent me photographs to illustrate this book, and especially Sir Harvey Adamson, the present Lieutenant-Governor, for his kindness in making my wants known."
C. H. C.
February, 1912......[A page or so is missing from the Index]
Sir Charles Crosthwaite
Source/publisher:
Edward Arnold
Date of publication:
1912-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2012-08-22
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports)
Language:
English
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pdf
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3.16 MB
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Abstract:
"My doctoral research focuses on the development and operation of the
intelligence services in British colonial Burma during the years 1930 to 1942.
This involves an examination of the causes of intelligence development, its
progress throughout 1930-1942, its rationale and modus operandi, and the
pressures it faced. This time period permits us to assess how intelligence
development was a product of the colonial government?s response to the 1930
peasant uprising which came as such a shock to colonial security and how
thereafter intelligence helped prevent popular hostility to the government from
taking the form of an uprising. As a result, intelligence information was
increasingly used to secure colonial power during the period of parliamentary
reform in Burma in 1937. The thesis further examines the stresses that riots and
strikes placed on colonial security in 1938, the so-called ?year of revolution? in
Burma. The thesis then proceeds to consider how intelligence operated in the
final years of colonial rule before the Japanese occupation of Burma in 1942.
This study is significant not only because very little work on the colonial security
services in Burma exists for the period under review, but also because it reveals
that intelligence was crucial to colonial rule, underpinning the stability of the
colonial state and informing its relationship with the indigenous population in
what remained, in relative terms at least, a colonial backwater like Burma. The
argument that intelligence was pivotal to colonial governmental stability in
Burma because of its centrality to strategies of population control departs from
conventional histories of Burma which have considered the colonial army to
have been the predominant instrument of political control and the most
significant factor in the relationship between the state and society in colonial
Burma. Rather it will be argued here that the colonial state in Burma relied on a
functioning intelligence bureau which collected information from local
indigenous officials and informers and employed secret agents to work on its
behalf. This information was collated into reports for the government which then
became integral to policy formulation. The primary source base for this work
includes British colonial material from government and private collections
predominantly in the British library as well as government papers in the National
Archives in Kew."
Edmund Bede Clipson
Source/publisher:
University of Exeter (doctoral dissertation)
Date of publication:
2010-01-00
Date of entry/update:
2012-07-01
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Military History, British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports)
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
2.01 MB
Local URL:
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Description:
Abstract:
"Robert Gordon?s trip to the Mogok ruby mines in northern Burma, as reported in his testament to the Royal
Geographical Society in 1888, represents one of the most blatant uses of travel as empire building in the Mekong
Region. While European explorers and adventurers had been travelling to and along the region for centuries,
most had been intent on mapping, surveying and categorizing its contents for purposes of their own profit, in one
way or another. Gordon, while of course not unmindful of his own career, represents the traveller aiming to be of
service to the greater power. He was strongly motivated by the desire to bring the ruby mines of Mogok into the
reach of the British Empire through the building of a railway and the necessary infrastructure to pacify the
countryside and its people, thereby enabling the enclosure of another type of commons."...
Keywords: Capitalism, Imperialism, British Empire, Burma, Ruby mining
John Walsh
Source/publisher:
Canadian Center of Science and Education (CCSE) ("Asian Culture and History" Vol. 2, No.3
Date of publication:
2011-01-00
Date of entry/update:
2012-03-04
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports)
Language:
English
more
Description:
"...I consider the various coincidences outlined above to
be fairly convincing support of my theory that the
Poet? was the future George Orwell, but there may
well be a scholar somewhere who can prove me
wrong..."
Gerry Abbott
Source/publisher:
SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research 4.1 (Spring 2006)
Date of publication:
2006-03-00
Date of entry/update:
2010-10-03
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports)
Language:
English
more
Description:
The practice of confining convicted criminals in prison for a stipulated period of time ? to punish or reform ? is a modern western
innovation. Pentonville in north London, opened in 1842 and said to be the first modern prison, had four wings radiating from a
central hub from which guards could observe every cell, each holding a single prisoner. The modern? prison then became one of
many western innovations (including the railway, scientific medicine and the filing cabinet) transported to the colonial world from
the mid-19th century.
Thet Thet Wintin, Ian Brown
Source/publisher:
International Institute for Asian Studies (IIAS) (Newsletter 39)
Date of publication:
2005-12-00
Date of entry/update:
2009-03-07
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports)
Language:
English
more
Description:
Throughout the history of Burma we come across rebellions often led by so-called ?future kings,? minlaungs. In western historiography, minlaung-movements are usually attributed to the pre-colonial past, whereas rebellions and movements occurring during the British colonial period are conceived of as proto-nationalist in character and thus an indication of the westernizing process. In this article, the notion of minlaung and concomitant ideas about rebellion and the magical-spiritual forces involved are explained against the backdrop of Burmese-Buddhist culture. It is further shown how these ideas persisted and gained momentum before and during World War II and how they affected the western educated nationalists, especially Aung San whose political actions fit into the cultural pattern of the career of a minlaung.
Susanne Prager
Source/publisher:
"Journal of Burma Studies" Vol. 8, 2003
Date of publication:
2003-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2009-01-01
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports), Burmese political culture - general, State-Society relations - Kingship
Language:
English
more
Description:
It is often assumed that censorship was not used to any great
degree by British authorities in Burma. Yet, by looking at the
way the British colonial government reacted to a variety of
media including traditional Burmese drama, western
blockbuster movies, and Burmese political pamphlets agitating
against colonial rule, it is possible to see that censorship was
very much a part of the British administration. British
authorities censored pamphlets, books, dramas, and movies not
only to contain political thought contrary to colonialism, but
also to control the image of British officials as seen in the eyes
of the Burmese.
Emma Larkin
Source/publisher:
"Journal of Burma Studies" Vol. 8, 2003
Date of publication:
2003-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2009-01-01
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports), Freedom of opinion and expression: - the situation in Burma/Myanmar - reports, analyses, recommendations
Language:
English
more
Description:
"...In examining the British government?s frequently
half-hearted and sometimes even contradictory
attempts to convince the indigenous population
to accept vaccination, Burma does begin to appear in
some ways as a neglected corner of British India.
However, Burma may not really have been an exception
as other literature has found similar problems in
British India in general..."
ATSUKO NAONO
Source/publisher:
SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research 4.1 (Spring 2006)
Date of publication:
2006-03-00
Date of entry/update:
2008-11-09
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Vaccines, History of health care in Burma, British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports)
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
228.93 KB
Local URL:
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Description:
Sixty years after shedding the yoke of the British Empire, Burma is still colonized—by its own military generals. The fight for true independence is not over
Aung Zaw
Source/publisher:
"The Irrawaddy" Vol. 16, No. 1
Date of publication:
2008-01-00
Date of entry/update:
2008-04-27
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
British colonial period : Commentary (non-official books, academic papers, articles and reports)
Language:
English
more