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Description: "A deadly stampede outside a passport office that took two lives and unending lines outside embassies - these are just some examples of what has been happening in Myanmar since the announcement of mandatory conscription into the military. Myanmar's military government is facing increasingly effective opposition to its rule and has lost large areas of the country to armed resistance groups. On 1 February 2021, the military seized power in a coup, jailing elected leaders and plunging much of the country into a bloody civil war that continues today. Thousands have been killed and the UN estimates that around 2.6 million people been displaced. Young Burmese, many of whom have played a leading role protesting and resisting the junta, are now told they will have to fight for the regime. Many believe that this is a result of the setbacks suffered by the military in recent months, with anti-government groups uniting to defeat them in some key areas. "It is nonsense to have to serve in the military at this time, because we are not fighting foreign invaders. We are fighting each other. If we serve in the military, we will be contributing to their atrocities," Robert, a 24-year-old activist, told the BBC. Many of them are seeking to leave the country instead. "I arrived at 03:30 [20:30 GMT] and there were already about 40 people queuing for the tokens to apply for their visa," recalled a teenage girl who was part of a massive crowd outside the Thai embassy in Yangon earlier in February. Within an hour, the crowd in front of the embassy expanded to more than 300 people, she claims. "I was scared that if I waited any longer, the embassy would suspend the processing of visas amid the chaos," she told the BBC, adding that some people had to wait for three days before even getting a queue number. In Mandalay, where the two deaths occurred outside the passport office, the BBC was told that there were also serious injuries - one person broke their leg after falling into a drain while another broke their teeth. Six others reported breathing difficulties. Justine Chambers, a Myanmar researcher at the Danish Institute of International Studies, says mandatory conscription is a way of removing young civilians leading the revolution. "We can analyse how the conscription law is a sign of the Myanmar military's weakness, but it is ultimately aimed at destroying lives... Some will manage to escape, but many will become human shields against their compatriots," she said. Myanmar's conscription law was first introduced in 2010 but had not been enforced until on 10 February the junta said it would mandate at least two years of military service for all men aged 18 to 35 and women aged 18 to 27. Maj-Gen Zaw Min Tun, the spokesperson for the military government, said in a statement that about a quarter of the country's 56 million population were eligible for military service under the law. The regime later said it did not plan to include women in the conscript pool "at present" but did not specify what that meant. The government spokesperson told BBC Burmese that call-ups would start after the Thingyan festival marking the Burmese New Year in mid-April, with an initial batch of 5,000 recruits. The regime's announcement has dealt yet another blow to Myanmar's young people. Many had their education disrupted by the coup, which came on top of school closures at the height of the Covid-19 pandemic. In 2021, the junta suspended 145,000 teachers and university staff over their support for the opposition, according to the Myanmar Teachers' Federation, and some schools in opposition-held areas have been destroyed by the fighting or by air strikes. Then there are those who have fled across borders seeking refuge, among them young people looking for jobs to support their families. Young Burmese confront dashed dreams in exile Why India wants to fence its troubled Myanmar border In response to the conscription law, some have said on social media that they would enter the monkhood or get married early to dodge military service. The junta says permanent exemptions will be given to members of religious orders, married women, people with disabilities, those assessed to be unfit for military service and "those who are exempted by the conscription board". For everyone else, evading conscription is punishable by three to five years in prison and a fine. But Robert doubts the regime will honour these exemptions. "The junta can arrest and abduct anyone they want. There is no rule of law and they do not have to be accountable to anyone," he said. Wealthier families are considering moving their families abroad - Thailand and Singapore being popular options, but some are even looking as far afield as Iceland - with the hope that their children would get permanent residency or citizenship there by the time they are of conscription age. Others have instead joined the resistance forces, said Aung Sett, from the All Burma Federation of Student Unions, which has a long history of fighting military rule. "When I heard the news that I would have to serve in the military, I felt really disappointed and at the same time devastated for the people, especially for those who are young like me. Many young people have now registered themselves to fight against the junta," the 23-year-old told the BBC from exile. Some observers say the enforcement of the law now reveals the junta's diminishing grip on the country. Last October, the regime suffered its most serious setback since the coup. An alliance of ethnic insurgents overran dozens of military outposts along the border with India and China. It has also lost large areas of territory to insurgents along the Bangladesh and Indian borders. According to the National Unity Government, which calls itself Myanmar's government in exile, more than 60% of Myanmar's territory is now under the control of resistance forces. "By initiating forced conscription following a series of devastating and humiliating defeats to ethnic armed organisations, the military is publicly demonstrating just how desperate it has become," said Jason Tower, country director for the Burma programme at the United States' Institute of Peace. A turning point in Myanmar as army suffers big losses Who are the rulers who executed Myanmar activists? Mr Tower expects the move to fail because of growing resentment against the junta. "Many youth dodging conscription will have no choice but to escape into neighbouring countries, intensifying regional humanitarian and refugee crises. This could result in frustration growing in Thailand, India, China and Bangladesh, all of which could tilt away from what remains of their support for the junta," he said. Even if the military does manage to increase troop numbers by force, this will do little to address collapsing morale in the ranks. It will also take months to train up the new troops, he said. The junta had a long history of "forced recruitment" even before the law was enacted, said Ye Myo Hein, a global fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. "So the law may merely serve as a facade for forcibly conscripting new recruits into the military. With a severe shortage of manpower, there is no time to wait for the lengthy and gradual process of recruiting new soldiers, prompting [officials] to exploit the law to swiftly coerce people into service," he said. Even for those who will manage to escape, many will carry injuries and emotional pain for the rest of their lives. "It has been really difficult for young people in Myanmar, both physically and mentally. We've lost our dreams, our hopes and our youth. It just can't be the same like before," said Aung Sett, the student leader. "These three years have gone away like nothing. We've lost our friends and colleagues during the fight against the junta and many families have lost their loved ones. It has been a nightmare for this country. We are witnessing the atrocities committed by the junta on a daily basis. I just can't express it in words."..."
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Source/publisher: "BBC News" (London)
2024-02-27
Date of entry/update: 2024-02-27
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Sub-title: They were returning home after the junta enacted a military conscription law.
Description: "More than 100 ethnic Rakhine youths detained by Myanmar’s junta as they returned by bus to Rakhine state from the commercial capital Yangon last week remained incommunicado on Monday, with relatives expressing concern that they were forcibly recruited to join the military amid a rollout of the country’s conscription law. Junta troops arrested the youths on Feb. 20 at a checkpoint in Shwe Pyi Thar township, according to a monk who was a fellow passenger on one of the buses and who lobbied to authorities on their behalf. “Of the three buses that were stopped, the two that I tried to intercede for carried between 90 and 100 passengers [in total],” said the monk who, like others interviewed for this report, spoke to RFA Burmese on condition of anonymity due to security concerns. “The last thing I knew, they were arrested,” he said. “The reason I know this is because they entered the military checkpoint and never came out.” The youths, aged between 18 and 30, had been working in garment, shoe and other factories in Yangon, the monk said. They were returning to their homes in the Rakhine townships of Myepon, Minbya, Mrauk-U, and Kyauktaw because their wards in Yangon would no longer register them as guests and they feared arrest after the junta enacted the military conscription law earlier this month. They departed the Aung Mingalar Bus Yard in two buses operated by the Aung Si Khaing bus service and a third operated by the Pwint Phyu bus service, the monk said. The buses typically carry up to 50 passengers. The youths are currently being held at the junta troop unit in Yangon region’s Hlaing Tharyar township, he said, adding that he had been unable to contact them as of Monday. No contact since arrest The military has suffered heavy losses on the battlefield in recent months – most notably in western Rakhine state, where the ethnic Arakan Army, or AA, ended a ceasefire in November and has since gone on to capture six townships. On Feb. 10, the junta enacted the People’s Military Service Law, sending draft-eligible civilians fleeing from Myanmar’s cities. They say they would rather leave the country or join anti-junta forces in remote border areas than fight for the military, which seized power in a 2021 coup d’etat. RFA Burmese has since received reports of recruitment roundups and arrests of young people, despite pledges from authorities that the law will not be enforced until April. A relative of one of the detained youths told RFA that 14 of them are from his home village of Ywa Thar Yar, in Myebon township’s Yaw Chaung district. “Four are male and 10 are female,” he said. “We haven’t had any contact with them since their arrest. They were working in factories in Yangon.” The relative urged the junta to “release them as soon as possible,” as they had committed no crimes and were supporting their families with their income. Aid workers confirmed to RFA that more than 100 Rakhine youths were arrested at the checkpoint on Feb. 20, but were unable to provide the details of those in custody, such as their names, ages or hometowns. Nowhere is safe Residents said that in the past two weeks, authorities in Yangon and Mandalay have been strictly enforcing the Guest List Law, which mandates either seven days’ imprisonment or a fine of 10,000 kyats (about US$5) for those who fail to register. And last week, junta troops arrested around 600 civilians after their flights from Yangon landed at two airports in Rakhine state, according to family members and sources with knowledge of the situation, who said the military is holding them on suspicion of attempting to join the armed resistance. A young Rakhine man working in Yangon told RFA that the junta is arresting people from his state who are living in the city “even if they are registered on guest lists,” but said returning home isn’t safe either. “Now, if you go back to Rakhine, you will be arrested at Sittwe Airport … [or] at Kyaukpyu Airport. But if you stay [in Yangon], there are difficulties with the military service law,” he said. “I fled here to avoid the fighting in Rakhine, but it’s not safe here either. That’s just the current situation." Rakhine military commentators told RFA they believe that the junta is likely targeting youths returning to Rakhine state because they “fear they will join the AA.” Attempts by RFA to contact junta spokesperson Maj. General Zaw Min Tun for comment on the detention of young people in Shwe Pyi Thar township went unanswered Monday. On Feb. 20, the AA said in a statement that the junta is “unlawfully arresting Rakhine people” in cities such as Yangon and Mandalay to use as soldiers, in addition to subjecting them to daily discrimination, torture, extortion, and execution. The group called on Rakhines fleeing fighting in the state to move to territory under its control, instead of relocating to the cities..."
Source/publisher: "Radio Free Asia" (USA)
2024-02-26
Date of entry/update: 2024-02-26
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Description: "BANGKOK – ASEAN Parliamentarians for Human Rights (APHR) strongly condemns the decision by the Myanmar military to enforce a national conscription law that would mandate all men aged 18-35 and women aged 18-27 to serve for at least two years in the armed forces. “We are deeply concerned about the impact the Conscription Law will have on the young people of Myanmar. This is yet another disgraceful attempt by the military junta to rule through fear and sabotage,” APHR Board Member and former Thai foreign minister Kasit Piromya said today. The People’s Military Service Law was enacted in 2010 but never enforced or repealed under the National League for Democracy, despite calls to do so from civil society organizations. Nearly two decades later, the law is being implemented as the Myanmar junta’s bases and territory are rapidly being lost to the armed resistance forces. It is apparent that the junta is seeking to make up for the casualties it has lost at the cost of the future of Myanmar’s youth. “This law seeks to undermine the youth-led struggle against the dictatorship and knowingly pits them against the opposition forces so many of them have supported. Its enactment also shows the utter cowardice of the Myanmar junta; they – quite literally – cannot fight their own battles,” Kasit said. The announcement has caused widespread uncertainty for young people and their families who have no desire to serve under the military’s corrupt and violent dictatorship, which is deeply unpopular throughout the majority of the country. Myanmar’s young people have shown exceptional bravery in the wake of the military’s increasing violence and have done so to ensure their generation does not inherit another era of authoritarian rule. In a brutal and coordinated attempt to silence those efforts, the junta is forcing them to the frontlines. “We urge ASEAN member states and the wider international community to help provide access, including visas and educational opportunities, to Myanmar youth who seek to flee to other countries ahead of the draft. We also call on the international community to recognize that this is a desperate attempt from a failing regime to cling to power and act decisively to support Myanmar’s pro-democracy forces and bring an end to the junta’s rule,” said Kasit..."
Source/publisher: ASEAN Parliamentarians for Human Rights
2024-02-22
Date of entry/update: 2024-02-22
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Description: "As many Myanmar people flee their country to evade its regime’s mandatory military service law, neighboring Thailand has warned that Myanmar nationals entering illegally would face legal action. The Myanmar junta recently activated the People’s Military Service Law as the army struggles to contain an anti-junta insurgency. The move was met with a public outcry as military officials announced that 14 million of the country’s young people are eligible for conscription. That amounts to 26 percent of the country’s population of 54 million. Since the announcement of the enforcement of the law, the number of Myanmar citizens applying for visas to enter Thailand has increased sharply. “They are welcome if they enter the country legally. But if they sneak into the country illegally, legal action will be taken against them. I already discussed the matter with security agencies,” Thai Prime Minister Srettha Thavisin said. The prime minister also tried to allay concerns that Myanmar immigrants would take jobs away from local people, stressing that one of the reasons Myanmar citizens are currently fleeing to Thailand is to avoid mandatory military service, the Bangkok Post reported. He also said Thailand’s unemployment rate is currently lower than 1 percent and that it still needs many more laborers from neighboring countries, though they must follow proper procedures to work in the country. Thailand shares a more than 2,400-km-long border with Myanmar and has a long history of sheltering people displaced by fighting between Myanmar’s military and ethnic armed groups on the border. There are also 2.1 million migrant workers from Myanmar registered to work in Thailand as of January 2024. Since the Myanmar junta’s military coup in 2021, Bangkok has seen new arrivals: political activists evading arrest by the the regime, as well as well-to-do families who left Myanmar for greener pastures. There have been reports of people who entered Thailand illegally via the border being arrested. Since the announcement of the conscription law, the Thai Embassy in Yangon has been coping with an influx of visa applicants. It recently announced that it would only accept 400 applications per day, effective from last Thursday. Meanwhile, the number of people entering Thailand via its border with Myanmar’s southern Shan State is on the rise. Local people said this was due to the junta’s national conscription law as well as mandatory military service requirements imposed by some local ethnic armed groups active in the state..."
Source/publisher: "The Irrawaddy" (Thailand)
2024-02-20
Date of entry/update: 2024-02-20
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Sub-title: After a recent junta announcement on mandatory service, youths look for ways to get to Thailand.
Description: "Young people in Myanmar’s commercial capital are lining up outside the Thai embassy to apply for visas and looking for other ways to leave the country following an announcement from the junta regime that it will call up conscripts for mandatory military service. Starting in April, about 5,000 people each month will be enrolled into the military to perform “national defense duties,” junta spokesman Maj. Gen. Zaw Min Tun said in an interview with BBC Burmese. Zaw Min Tun told several junta-affiliated newspapers on Thursday that as many as 50,000 men will be recruited this year into the military, which has suffered numerous battlefield defeats and large-scale surrenders in recent months. In Yangon, young people have already started heading for the Thai border, which is about 420 km (260 miles) away, several residents told Radio Free Asia. About 50 people – most of them young – had already formed a queue in front of the Thai embassy at 5:30 a.m. on Thursday, one Yangon resident, who didn’t want to be named for security reasons, said to RFA. Additionally, young people riding on city buses are talking to each other about entering the Buddhist monkhood to avoid military service if they get out of the country, the Yangon resident said. They all seemed deeply worried, he added. Because of the recent rush of visa applicants, the Thai embassy said in a statement on Wednesday that only 400 applicants would be accepted per day. Also, the Buddhist University in Thailand’s city of Chiang Mai, which has an affordable tuition fee, announced Wednesday that it is no longer accepting applicants from Myanmar because it had already received too many applications. ‘They have lost their way’ An poor job market and the turmoil of the ongoing civil war had already made it very difficult for young people to build a life for themselves in the country, a young man who also lives in Yangon told RFA. Now, with the enforcement of the conscription law, young people know for certain that they don’t have a future in Myanmar, the young man said. “All of them are preparing to leave the country because there are no jobs for them,” he said. “Now, with the implementation of this conscription law, they have lost their way.” The young man said he had been searching for jobs in Japan, but is now focusing on finding work in neighboring Thailand. “I heard that the junta is blocking workers from going abroad,” he said. “I also heard that [they block] new job offers by foreign countries. It’s hard to leave the country.” Sai Kyi Zin Soe, a political commentator, said that targeting young people – who typically have the highest productivity among all age groups – will damage the country’s economy and cause widespread resentment. “It is natural for many people who have their own goals in life to avoid armed conflicts,” he said. “They are educated young people. They can learn things. We see the targeting of this age group for use in conflict – to gain political advantage – as a very bad move.” State-level committees Zaw Min Tun’s comments on Thursday about conscription followed a Feb. 10 announcement from junta leader Senior Gen. Min Aung Hlaing that a military service law enacted in 2010 by a previous military regime would go into effect immediately. Enforcement of the law comes as anti-junta forces and ethnic armies have scored significant victories against the military in Myanmar’s civil war, which escalated in October 2023 when the rebel groups joined together and launched new offensives, causing significant casualties. Under Min Aung Hlaing’s directive, Burmese men aged 18-35 and women aged 18-27 could face up to five years in prison if they refuse to serve for two years. Doctors, engineers and technicians – aged 18-45 for men and 18-35 for women – must also serve, but up to five years. In the initial rounds, fewer women will be recruited, Zaw Min Tun told state media. The junta will appoint a central committee and regional- and state-level committees to oversee the conscription, according to Zaw Min Tun. But because the junta would have to provide salaries, food and other items, the military won’t need more than 50,000 recruits, he said. “I want to emphasize that we will not call up everyone who is eligible for military service,” he said. The CIA World Factbook estimated that last year Myanmar’s military had somewhere between 150,000 and 400,000 personnel. The Washington-based U.S. Institute of Peace has suggested that 21,000 service personnel have been lost through casualties, desertions and defections since the February 2021 military coup d’etat, leaving an effective force of about 150,000..."
Source/publisher: "Radio Free Asia" (USA)
2024-02-15
Date of entry/update: 2024-02-15
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Sub-title: State media report all men aged 18-35 and women 18-27 must serve for up to two years and up to five years in a state of emergency
Description: "Myanmar’s junta has declared mandatory military service for all young men and women, state media said, as it struggles to contain armed rebel forces fighting for greater autonomy in various parts of the country. All men aged 18-35 and women aged 18-27 must serve for up to two years, while specialists like doctors aged up to 45 must serve for three years. The service can be extended to a total of five years in the ongoing state of emergency, state media said on Saturday. The junta “issued the notification of the effectiveness of People’s Military Service Law starting from 10 February 2024,” the junta’s information team said in a statement. Myanmar has been gripped by chaos since the military seized power from an elected government in a 2021 coup, which sparked mass protests and a crackdown on dissent. Three years on, the junta is struggling to crush widespread armed opposition to its rule. Since October, the Tatmadaw, as the military is known, has suffered personnel losses while battling a coordinated offensive by an alliance of three ethnic minority insurgent groups, as well as allied pro-democracy fighters who have taken up arms against the junta. The success of this offensive and the military’s failure to mount a counterattack has dented morale among low- and mid-level officers, according to several military sources, all of whom requested anonymity. Analysts have said the Tatmadaw is struggling to recruit soldiers and has begun forcing non-combat personnel to the frontline. A “national military service system involving all people is essential because of the situation happening in our country,” junta spokesperson Zaw Min Tun said in an audio message released by the information team. A law mandating conscription was introduced in 2010 but has not been enforced until now. Those who fail to comply with the draft face imprisonment for up to five years, the legislation says. Saturday’s statement did not give further details but said the junta’s defence ministry would “release necessary bylaws, procedures, announcements orders, notifications and instructions.” It did not give details on how those called up would be expected to serve. More than 4,500 people have been killed in the military’s crackdown on dissent and over 26,000 arrested, according to a local monitoring group..."
Source/publisher: "The Guardian" (UK)
2024-02-11
Date of entry/update: 2024-02-11
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Description: "၁။ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ၏ မြောက်ပိုင်းနှင့် အနောက်မြောက်ဒေသ တခုလုံးအား ကြီးမားသည့်ထိုးစစ်ဆင်ဖို့အတွက် မြန်မာစစ်တပ်သည် “အနော်ရထာစစ်ဆင်ရေး”1 ဟုခေါ်ဆိုသော စစ်ဆင်ရေးတရပ်ကို ပြင်ဆင်ဆောင်ရွက် နေသည်ကို တွေ့ရသည်။2 ဤစစ်ဆင်ရေးကြောင့် ယင်းဒေသအတွင်းနေထိုင်သည့် လူထုများအနေဖြင့် ရက်စက်ကြမ်းကြုတ်သည့် နိုင်ငံတကာအဆင့်ရှိပြစ်မှုကြီးများ (လူသားဖြစ်မှုကို ဆန့်ကျင်သောပြစ်မှု၊ လူမျိုးတုံး သတ်ဖြတ်မှု၊ စစ်ရာဇဝတ်မှု) မလွှဲမသွေ ရင်ဆိုင်ကြုံတွေ့ လာရနိုင်ဖွယ်ရှိသည်။ ၂။ ခေတ်အဆက်ဆက် မြန်မာစစ်တပ်၏ စစ်ရေးမဟာဗျူဟာအရ ဒေသတခုခုအား စစ်ဆင်ရေးနယ်မြေ အဖြစ်သတ်မှတ်သည့်အခါ အခြားဒေသများ၌ စစ်ရေးလှုပ်ရှားမှု၊ တိုက်ပွဲဖော်ဆောင်မှုများကို လုံးဝနီးပါး သို့မဟုတ် လုံးဝ ဆိုင်းငံ့ထားပြီး စစ်ဆင်ရေးများကို ဖော်ဆောင်လေ့ရှိသည်။3 ၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ် ပွင့်လင်းရာသီ၌ 1 ဒေသကာကွယ်ရေးတပ် PDF တွေ ကြုံလာရမယ့် အနော်ရထာ စစ်ဆင်ရေး။ အောက်တိုဘာ ၁၉ BBC သတင်းဌာန။ https://www.bbc.com/burmese/burma-58976376?fbclid=IwAR1dbUcKxa1Ztxl629naJ5a6Nagam7ErrRGesUa5xwKq- 1nlue3m_nyn80 2 ပလက်ဝဘက်မှ စစ်ကောင်စီတပ်များ ကန်ပက်လက်၊ မင်းတပ်နှင့် စစ်ကိုင်တိုင်းဘက်သို့ ရေ့ေွှ ပြာင်း။ ပလက်ဝမြို့တွင ် ယာယီတပ်စွဲထားသည့် တပ်မ (၁၁) ၊ (၅၅) နှင့် (၇၇) မှ လက်အောက်ခံတပ်ရင်းတချို့ စက်တင်ဘာလ (၁၉) ရက်က စစ်ကားအစီး ၃၀ ကျော်ဖြင့် ပလက်ဝမြို့ ကင်းချောင်းဝမှတဆင့် ဆမိးလမ်းကြောင်း အတိုင်း ကန်ပက်လက် မြို့ဘက်ခြမ်းသို့ တက်သွားကြသည်။ Mizzima သတင်းဌာန။ ၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ် ၊ စက်တင်ဘာ ၂၁ရက်။ https://www.facebook.com/216265185075061/posts/4793130514055149/?sfnsn=mo Myanmar: UN expert fears spike in atrocities amid reports of troops massing in north https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?LangID=E&NewsID=27693 3 ၁၉၈၀ ကာလနောက်ပိုင်း မြန်မာစစ်တပ်က ဗကပကို အမြစ်ပြတ်တိုက်ခိုက်ချေမှုန်းဖို့အတွက် ကေအိုင်အိုအပါအဝင် မြန်မာပြည် တောင်ပိုင်းအခြေပြုလှုပ်ရှားသည့် တိုင်းရင်းသားခုခံစစ်ဆင်အဖွဲ့များနှင့် ဆွေးနွေးပွဲအတုများ ပြုလုပ် ကျင်းပခဲ့ပြီး စစ်ရှိန်လျော့ချခဲ့သည်။ ၁၉၈၉ ခုနှစ် ဗကပ ပြိုကွဲသွားပြီးနောက်၊ မြန်မာစစ်တပ်က မြန်မာပြည်မြောက်ပိုင်းရှိ တိုင်းရင်းသားခုခံစစ်ဆင်အဖွဲ့များနှင့် တဖွဲ့ပြီးတဖွဲ့ အပစ်အခတ်ရပ်စဲမှုများပြုလုပ်ခဲ့ပြီး မြန်မာပြည်တောင်ပိုင်း အခြေစိုက် တိုင်းရင်းသားခုခံစစ်ဆင်အဖွဲ့များအား အပြင်းအထန် ထိုးစစ်ဆင်တိုက်ခိုက်ခဲ့သည်။ ၂၀၁၁ ခုနှစ် ကချင်ပြည်နယ် နှင့် ရှမ်းပြည်နယ်မြောက်ပိုင်း၌ ကေအိုင်အိုနှင့် တကျော့ပြန် စစ်ပွဲဖြစ်သည့်အခါ မြန်မာပြည်တောင်ပိုင်းရှိ တိုင်းရင်းသား ခုခံစစ်ဆင်အဖွဲ့များနှင့် ပြည်နယ်အဆင့် အပစ်အခတ်ရပ်စဲမှုများပြုလုပ်ခဲ့သည်။ မြန်မာစစ်တပ်သည် ၂၀၁၈ ခုနှစ် နောက်ပိုင်း မြန်မာပြည် အနောက်ဘက် ရခိုင်ပြည်နယ်အတွင်း ရခိုင့်တပ်တော် (အေအေ) အား အပြင်းအထန် ထိုးစစ်ဆင်နွှဲသည့်အခါ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ မြောက်ပိုင်းနှင့် အနောက်မြောက်ပိုင်းဒေသအား ကြီးမားသည့် အနော်ရထာစစ်ဆင်ရေး မစတင်မှီ မြန်မာပြည်ရဲ့ အရှေ့မြောက်ဖျားဒေသ၊ အနောက်ဘက်ဒေသများ၌ အခြေပြုလှုပ်ရှားသည့် တိုင်းရင်းသား ခုခံစစ်ဆင်အဖွဲ့တချို့နှင့်တွေ့ဆုံပြီး4 စစ်ရေးလှုပ်ရှားမှု လုံးဝနီးပါး ဆိုင်းငံ့ထားနိုင်ခဲ့သည်။5 ဤသည်မှာ ခွဲခြားဆက်ဆံမှုအခြေခံကနေ ဖိနှိပ်တဲ့ စစ်ဆင်ရေးများကို ဖော်ဆောင်နေခြင်းသာ ဖြစ်သည်။ ၃။ နိုင်ငံတကာစစ်ဥပဒေ (ဂျီနီဗာကွန်ဗင်းရှင်း) ကို ဆန့်ကျင်ပြီး သာလွန်စစ်အင်းအားအသုံးပြု6၍ အရပ်သားလူထုအပေါ် သိမ်းကျုံးတိုက်ခိုက်7 လာနိုင်သည့် မြန်မာစစ်တပ်၏ အနော်ရထာစစ်ဆင်ရေးအား ဥပဒေအထောက်အကူပြုကွန်ရက် အနေဖြင့် အပြင်းအထန်ကန့်ကွက်လိုက်သည်။ ၄။ မြန်မာစစ်တပ်၏ စစ်ဆင်ရေးကြောင့် ယင်းဒေသအတွင်းနေထိုင်သော ဒေသခံပြည်သူလူထုများက ရက်စက်ကြမ်းကြုတ်သည့် နိုင်ငံတကာအဆင့်ရှိပြစ်မှုကြီးများမလွှဲမသွေ ရင်ဆိုင်ကြုံတွေ့ လာရနိုင်သည်။ ယင်းသို့သော အခြေအနေဆိုးများမှ ကြိုတင်ကာကွယ်မှု ပေးနိုင်ရေးအတွက် အင်အားစု အသီးသီးထံသို့ အောက်ပါအတိုင်း တိုက်တွန်းတောင်းဆိုပါသည်။ (က) လက်နက်ကိုင်တပ်ဖွဲ့များအနေဖြင့် လက်နက်ကိုင်ပဋိပက္ခအတွင်း လိုက်နာရမည့် ဂျီနီဗာကွန်းဗင်းရှင်း အား အပြည့်အဝလေးစားလိုက်နာဖို့ တိုက်တွန်းတောင်းဆိုပါသည်။ (ခ) စစ်ဆင်ရေးဒေသအတွင်းနေထိုင်သည့် အရပ်သားပြည်သူများရဲ့ အသက်လုံခြုံမှုနှင့် လူသားချင်းစာနာ ထောက်ထားမှုအကူအညီများရရှိနိုင်ရေးအတွက် အမျိုးသားညီညွှတ်ရေးအစိုးရ အပါအဝင် ဒေသ အုပ်ချုပ်ရေး အာဏာပိုင်အဖွဲ့များနှင့် လူမှုကယ်ဆယ်ရေးအသင်းအဖွဲ့များအနေဖြင့် ကြိုတင်ပြင်ဆင် ဆောင်ရွက်ထားနိုင်ဖို့ တိုက်တွန်းအပ်ပါသည်။ (ဂ) နိုင်ငံတကာအဆင့် ဆိုးဝါးပြင်းထန်သည့် ပြစ်မှုကြီးများအား ကျူးလွန်သူများကို ပြည်တွင်းနှင့် နိုင်ငံတကာအဆင့်တရားရုံးများ၌ ထိရောက်စွာအပြစ်ပေး အရေးယူနိုင်ရေးအတွက် ပြည်တွင်း ပြည်ပ ဥပဒေအဖွဲ့အစည်းများ၊ လူထုအသင်းအဖွဲ့များ၊ သတင်း မီဒီယာများနှင့် အင်းအားစုအသီးသီးတို့ မြန်မာပြည် တောင်ပိုင်းတွင် လုံးဝ အပစ်အခတ်ရပ်စဲထားနိုင်ပြီး မြန်မာပြည်မြောက်ပိုင်းအား ပစ်ခတ်တိုက်ခိုက်မှု အရှိန်လျော့ချထားနိုင်ခဲ့သည်။ 4 အာဏာသိမ်းပြီးနောက် ဧပြီလ (၇) (၈) ရက်နေ့တွင် မြန်မာစစ်တပ်သည် မြန်မာပြည်အရှေ့မြောက်ဖျားဒေသရှိ အင်းအားကြီး လက်နက်ကိုင်အဖွဲ့ ဖြစ်သည့် ဝသပ နှင့် ရှမ်းပြည်တိုးတက်ရေးပါတီ SSPP တို့နှင့်တွေ့ဆုံခဲ့ကြသည်။ အာဏာသိမ်းစစ်ကောင်စီအုပ်စုသည် ဝ အပါအဝင် မြောက်ပိုင်းမဟာမိတ်တပ်ဖွဲ့နှင့် ဆက်တိုက်တွေ့ဆုံ။ 5 မြန်မာစစ်တပ်သည် မြန်ပြည်အရှေ့မြောက်ဖျားဒေသရှိ အင်းအားကြီးတိုင်းရင်းသားလက်နက်ကိုင်များနှင့် လွန်ခဲ့သည့် နှစ်ပေါင်း သုံးဆယ်ကျော် ကတည်းက အပစ်အခတ်ရပ်စဲထားနိုင်ခဲ့သည့်အပြင် မြန်မာပြည်အနောက်ဘက်ခြမ်း၌ ၎င်းတို့အား စစ်ရေးအရ ခြိမ်းခြောက်နိုင်သည့် ရက္ခိုင့်အမျိုးသားအဖွဲ့ချုပ်/ ရက္ခိုင့်တပ်တော်နှင့်လည်း ၂၀၂၀ နှစ်ကုန်းပိုင်း မှစပြီး အပစ်အခတ် ရပ်စဲထားနိုင်ခဲ့သည်။ 6 The principle of proportionality in attack. 7 Indiscriminate attack. အနေဖြင့် လိုအပ်သောစီစဉ်ဆောင်ရွက်မှုများကို ချမှတ်ဖော်ဆောင်နိုင်ဖို့ တိုက်တွန်း တောင်းဆို အပ်ပါသည်။ (ဃ) တိုင်းရင်းသားခုခံစစ်ဆင်အဖွဲ့အစည်းများနှင့် ပြည်သူ့ကာကွယ်ရေးတပ်ဖွဲ့များအနေဖြင့် ခေတ် အဆက်ဆက် မြန်မာစစ်တပ်၏ ခွဲခြားဆက်ဆံမှုအခြေခံကနေ ဖော်ဆောင်နေသည့် ဖိနှိပ်သော မဟာဗျူဟာစစ်ဆင်ရေးအား တညီတညွှတ်တည်း ခုခံတွန်းလှန်ကြဖို့ တိုက်တွန်းတောင်းဆို အပ်ပါ သည်။ (င) မြန်မာစစ်တပ်အား ဘဏ္ဍာရေး၊ စစ်လက်နက်၊ နည်းပညာ နှင့် သံတမန်ရေးအရ တနည်းတဖုံဖြင့် ထောက်ပံ့ပေးနေသည့် နိုင်ငံများ၊ ပြည်တွင်းပြည်ပ အဖွဲ့အစည်းများ၊ အစုအဖွဲ့များ နှင့် လူပုဂ္ဂိိုလ်များ အနေဖြင့် မြန်မာစစ်တပ်နှင့် လုံးဝ အဆက်အသွယ်မပြုလုပ်ကြဖို့ တိုက်တွန်းသည်။ ဥပဒေအထောက်အကူပြုကွန်ရက်..."
Source/publisher: Legal Aid Network
2021-10-28
Date of entry/update: 2021-10-29
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Description: "Ousted Myanmar leader Aung San Suu Kyi is expected to attend her next court hearing in person, her chief lawyer said on Monday, after weeks of stalled virtual proceedings over charges her supporters say are fabricated. Since her arrest hours before a Feb. 1 military coup, Suu Kyi has been held at her residence in Naypyitaw and faces numerous, mostly minor charges filed in two courts, the most serious under a colonial-era official secrets act, punishable by 14 years in prison. "The presiding judge declared that by the instruction of the Union Supreme Court, the cases were to be heard in person, not virtually by video conferencing," her legal team head, Khin Maung Zaw, said in a text message, referring to Monday's hearing. He said the judge "told us that the problem will eventually be solved", and that Suu Kyi asked what the judge meant by "eventually". Suu Kyi, 75, has been permitted to speak with lawyers only via a video link in the presence of security personnel. Her co-defendant is Win Myint, the ousted president. Her lawyers have said they have discussed with Suu Kyi only her legal case and do not know the extent to which she is aware of the crisis in her country. Khin Maung Zaw said his team was seeking access to Suu Kyi before the next hearing on May 24, without interference of others. He said he reminded the judge "that it is the undeniable right of the defendants to meet and give instructions to the defence counsel in a private meeting"...."
Source/publisher: "Reuters" (UK)
2021-05-10
Date of entry/update: 2021-05-11
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language:
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Source/publisher: Government of the Union of Burma via "The Burma Code" Vol. II
1950-03-09
Date of entry/update: 2014-11-06
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: Burmese (မြန်မာဘာသာ)
Format : pdf
Size: 343.27 KB
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Description: Probably an unoffical translation
Source/publisher: Government of the Union of Burma via "The Burma Code" Vol. II
1950-03-09
Date of entry/update: 2014-11-06
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 11.59 KB
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Description: [INDIA ACT XIX, 1923] (2nd April, 1923)
Source/publisher: Government of the Union of Burma
1923-04-02
Date of entry/update: 2008-12-12
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 47.16 KB
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