Various Rights
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Human Rights and international relations
Individual Documents
| Title: | | De la neutralité à la conditionnalité politique des relations communautaires avec les pays en voie de développement: ... Quelles sont les effets de la politique européenne de sanctions à l’égard du Myanmar? |
| Date of publication: | | September 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | La conditionnalité, de par sa nature essentiellement politique, a souvent été étudiée par
des politologues plutôt que par des juristes. Ce constat est attribuable à l´absence d´une
réglementation juridique internationale relative à la conditionnalité, et à sa mise en oeuvre de
nature essentiellement ad hoc, et non systématique. Tous les Etats n´appliquent pas la
conditionnalité politique, ni ne l´appliquent-ils tous de manière homogène; et encore moins y
sont-ils tous soumis équitablement. La conditionnalité est toujours subordonnée à des
exigences géopolitiques, stratégiques, commerciales et économiques.1
Beaucoup d´arguments peuvent être mobilisés contre la conditionnalité: le principe de
non ingérence, la critique du néocolonialisme, le relativisme culturel, etc. Toutefois, la
nécessité de protéger et de promouvoir les droits de l´homme peut suffire à la légitimer, pour
le moins d´un point de vue conceptuel. D´un point de vue juridique, reste encore à prouver la
légalité de cette pratique dans le droit international. L´argument principal à cet effet réside
dans l´article 2.1. du Pacte International sur les Droits civils et Politiques, ratifié par la
communauté internationale, lequel suggère que tous les Etats parties prennent des initiatives,
notamment par l´intermédiaire de l´aide internationale et de la coopération, pour parvenir à la
réalisation complète des droits reconnus dans le Pacte.2
La Communauté européenne, au sortir de la Guerre Froide, adopte une nouvelle
conception du développement et de sa mise en oeuvre ; une conception plus libérale, et qui
engage davantage la responsabilité des PVD dans le processus de développement. Dans ce
contexte surgit la notion de conditionnalité politique de l’aide : désormais, l’aide est délivrée
à condition que les pays récipiendaires s’engagent à respecter les droits fondamentaux et les
principes démocratiques.
L’aide au développement communautaire n’a pas toujours impliqué cette notion de
mérite ; nous le verrons dans la première partie. Les bases juridiques sur lesquelles a été
conçue la politique d’aide au développement communautaire jusque dans les années 1990
datent du Traité de Rome. Les relations avec les « pays et territoires d’outre mer »
constituaient à l’époque une partie substantielle du Traité, de manière à assurer la pérennité
des relations entre les métropoles européennes et leurs colonies une fois leur indépendance
acquise. La conception des relations entre les PVD et la CEE a donc été durablement marquée
par les dispositions du Traité de Rome. Géographiquement, cela signifiait des relations zélées avec les pays ACP (regroupant, plus ou moins, les ex PTOM ), dans le cadre des Conventions
successives de Lomé ; et des relations tardives et modestes avec les PVD non associés, selon
la terminologie révélatrice de la réglementation communautaire. Politiquement, les
Conventions de Lomé réglaient la coopération au développement communautaire avec les
pays ACP sur base d’une relation neutre, sans condition politique ou économique préalable.
L’échec de cette politique apparaît de plus en plus flagrant après la crise de la dette et
l’incapacité des économies en développement, surtout des pays ACP, à s’insérer dans le
système économique mondial globalisé. A la même époque, la fin de la Guerre Froide voit les
démocraties libérales occidentales triompher. L’Union Européenne est créée en 1992 sur base
des principes libéraux d’économie de marché, de bonne gouvernance, de démocratie et de
respect des droits de l’homme. Désormais, ces principes imprègneront la politique extérieure
communautaire définie dans le cadre de la PESC. Les relations communautaires avec les PVD
doivent être revues dans cette optique libérale. La nouvelle politique des droits de l’homme va
être mise en oeuvre à travers la conditionnalité politique de l’aide au développement.
Désormais, la politique de développement ne doit plus être considérée de manière
isolée mais comme un élément de la politique extérieure communautaire.3 Nous l’
observerons, en analysant les relations régionales eurasiatiques, dans la deuxième partie. Le
partenariat avec l’ANASE a une portée allant de la coopération commerciale, économique et
politique à la coopération au développement. Le dialogue intergouvernemental au sein de
l’ASEM (qui réunit les 27 membres de l’UE et 16 pays asiatiques dont la Chine, le Japon,
l’Inde, la Corée du Sud et les pays membres de l’ANASE ) a aussi un dessein
multidimensionnel, confrontant les différentes parties relativement à leurs politiques
étrangère, économique et financière.
Dans la quatrième partie, nous étudierons le cas de la conditionnalité politique
appliquée à la Birmanie, gouvernée depuis 40 ans par une junte militaire devenue la bête noire
de la communauté internationale. Depuis 1997, la Birmanie ne bénéficie plus de préférences
tarifaires pour ses exportations vers l’UE. Pas plus ne dispose-t-elle aujourd’hui de l’aide
communautaire au développement. Apres une présentation générale du pays et son histoire
contemporaine, nous tenterons d’évaluer les effets de la stratégie communautaire dans le cas
birman et l’opportunité d’appliquer la conditionnalité politique (et les sanctions qu’elle
implique) pour mener un pays à se réformer et à se développer. |
| Author/creator: | | Louise Culot |
| Language: | | Francais, French |
| Source/publisher: | | Université Libre de Bruxelles |
| Format/size: | | pdf (481K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 19 October 2007 |
|
| Title: | | La dimension des droits de l’homme dans les relations internationales : le cas de la Birmanie (Myanmar) |
| Date of publication: | | August 2006 |
| Description/subject: | | Introduction:
"L’étude politique des droits de l’homme ne peut se faire sans tenir compte du contexte politique, géographique et historique dans lequel ces derniers ont évolué. Souvent brandis comme l’étendard que des hommes et des femmes ont porté dans l’espoir de faire valoir leur individualité face à des gouvernements, ces valeurs n’en continuent pas moins d’être souvent traitées avec cynisme, ironie ou utopisme. Cela s’avère encore plus véridique lorsque nous choisissons de transposer l’étude de ces droits à la sphère des relations internationales où il existe un dilemme entre l’universalité proclamée des principes fondamentaux et le poids des états dans l’élaboration de politiques parfois nuisibles aux droits de l’homme mais justifiées par un recours systématique au principe de souveraineté étatique. Cependant, ce concept des droits de l’homme revient constamment, au travers de discours, articles, essais et discussions, alimenter la thèse selon laquelle ces droits, bien que proclamés déjà en 1789, restent à être pleinement réalisés en ce début de 21° siècle. S’ils sont déjà considérés comme acquis et immuables en occident principalement, il n’est pas inutile de rappeler que les valeurs qu’ils défendent (liberté, égalité
) sont des concepts relativement nouveaux dans l’histoire humaine et que leur application au niveau international est loin d’être évidente. Notre optique n’est pas de se livrer à une condamnation de l’application du respect des droits de l’homme que certains diront secondaires à la prise en compte de considérations économiques, politiques ou géostratégiques mais plutôt de comprendre comment la défense des droits de l’homme trouve sa place dans la justification des politiques internationales en comparant leur promotion faite en occident et leur application dans une région aussi lointaine que l’Asie.
Ce mémoire analysera donc l’importance du non-respect des droits de l’homme au sein des relations internationales en analysant le cas de la Birmanie, également connue sous le nom de Myanmar.2 Nous partirons du principe que le gouvernement militaire birman ne respecte pas les droits contenus dans la Déclaration Universelle des Droits de l’Homme de l’ONU de 1948 et que cela complique ses relations avec des gouvernements étrangers ainsi qu’avec des institutions internationales qui ont un devoir de veiller à ce que leur politique extérieure avec des pays tiers tienne compte du respect des droits de l’homme. Les instances analysées sont les Etats-Unis, l’Union Européenne (UE) et l’Organisation des Nations Unies (ONU) et nous nous focaliserons sur la place que tiennent les droits de l’homme dans leurs rapports avec la Birmanie. Le choix de ces trois protagonistes permet de mettre en évidence une institution internationale (l’Organisation des Nations Unies) ainsi que deux niveaux différents d’organisations politiques au sein de ce que l’on nomme communément l’"occident" : un état (les Etats-Unis) et une institution régionale (l’Union Européenne).
Le noeud de ce travail portera donc sur la question suivante : « Dans quelle mesure le non-respect des droits de l’homme influence-t-il les relations qu’entretient la Birmanie avec les Etats-Unis, l’UE et l’ONU depuis 1988 ? » L’idée n’est pas de savoir si le gouvernement birman nuit aux droits de l’homme ou pas. Ce fait est unanimement reconnu aussi bien par la communauté internationale que par le gouvernement birman lui-même. La question est plutôt de savoir jusqu’à quel point les considérations éthiques relatives au respect des droits de l’homme devancent les intérêts économiques, politiques ou géostratégiques dans la région du sud-est asiatique..." |
| Author/creator: | | Bryan Carter |
| Language: | | Francais, French |
| Source/publisher: | | Université libre de Bruxelles, Faculté des sciences sociales, politiques et économiques -- Section de science politique |
| Format/size: | | pdf (509K), Word (457K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs3/M%e9moire.doc |
| Date of entry/update: | | 30 September 2006 |
|
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International Justice
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International Justice - general studies
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Hard cases: bringing human rights violators to justice abroad - A guide to universal jurisdiction |
| Date of publication: | | October 1999 |
| Description/subject: | | "In late 1998 the Chilean Senator Augusto Pinochet was arrested in London, following a request for
extradition by a Spanish prosecutor. He was charged under Spanish law for grave human rights
abuses, under a universal jurisdiction rule that had rarely been used. Anticipating that this case
would trigger others, in early 1999 the Council convened a meeting of human rights experts to
discuss the implications of using the universal jurisdiction rule more widely. Hard cases is based
on the meeting. Written for use by NGOs and for individuals interested in the ethical and legal
issues, it sets out the arguments that support its use and examines some of the ethical, practical
and legal problems that arise when it is applied..." |
| Author/creator: | | Peggy Hicks and David Petrasek. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | International Council for Human Rights Policy |
| Format/size: | | PDF (235K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
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Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and Burma/Myanmar
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Upholding the Responsibility to Protect in Burma/Myanmar |
| Date of publication: | | 16 August 2010 |
| Description/subject: | | Introduction: "The situation in Burma/Myanmar remains grave. With elections scheduled for 7 November 2010 international attention on the country has increased. Such attention, and any policy action taken, must focus not only on the goal of democratic transition, and concerns about the regimes nuclear collaboration with North Korea, but also on the plight of Burma’s ethnic minorities who continue to suffer atrocities at the hands of the government. These atrocities may rise to the level of crimes against humanity, war crimes and ethnic cleansing – crimes states committed themselves to protect populations from at the 2005 World Summit, as described in the Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect policy brief dated 4 March 2010, “Applying the Responsibility to Protect to Burma/Myanmar.”
International actors have a responsibility to protect Burma’s ethnic minorities from atrocities – atrocities that are often overshadowed by the attention focused on the pro-democracy movement. This brief assesses the current risk of atrocities and identifies measures that can be used to aid in preventing and halting these atrocities. The brief argues that pressure must be placed on the Burmese government to cease the commission of crimes and avoid the resort to violence against groups with which it currently has ceasefires..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect |
| Format/size: | | pdf (85K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 01 September 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Applying the Responsibility to Protect to Burma/Myanmar |
| Date of publication: | | March 2010 |
| Description/subject: | | Introduction:
"The Burmese junta, its armed forces known as the “Tatmadaw,” and other armed groups under government control are committing gross human rights violations against ethnic and religious minorities. Extrajudicial killings, torture, and forced labor are prevalent; rape and sexual abuse by the Tatmadaw are rampant; and from August 2008 through July 2009 alone, 75,000 civilians in the east, where armed conflict is ongoing, were forcibly displaced. The Tatmadaw shows a complete disregard for the principle of distinction, intentionally targeting civilians with impunity.
Reports indicate that these violations, perpetrated primarily by state actors on a widespread and systematic basis, rise to the level of crimes against humanity, ethnic cleansing and war crimes ‐ three of the four crimes states committed themselves to protect populations from in endorsing the responsibility to protect (R2P) at the 2005 World Summit.
All Burmese citizens are subject to government oppression. However, the above crimes appear to be targeted primarily at five ethnic groups: the Karen, Shan and Karenni in eastern Burma, and the Rohingya and Chin in western Burma. While international actors have focused on the repression of the pro‐democracy movement by the military government, crimes perpetrated against ethnic minorities for years have received little international attention and show no signs of subsiding.
This brief seeks to clarify how R2P applies to Burma and draw attention to the plight of minorities by assessing the following: whether acts perpetrated against them could constitute R2P crimes; the risk of future atrocities; and the resulting responsibility of the international community..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect |
| Format/size: | | pdf (195K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 01 September 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Cyclone Nargis: Whose Responsibility to Protect? |
| Date of publication: | | 12 June 2008 |
| Description/subject: | | "The June 12 panel--“Cyclone Nargis: Whose Responsibility to Protect?”--produced sharp
disagreement not only about whether the Burmese regime’s dilatory response to the
cyclone constituted a potential “R2P situation,” but also more broadly about the role of
this new doctrine in the aftermath of natural disasters. While none of the panelists or
audience members found much to praise in the junta’s humanitarian response, some
sought to understand the “paranoia” that the country’s leaders bore to the outside world.
They concluded that outsiders eager to help victims of the cyclone would have to either
work around the barriers erected by the fearful and suspicious generals, or look for those
in the regime more open to engagement with outsiders. The regime, one participant
noted, was far less monolithic than it appeared from the outside.
Others felt that the regime’s state of mind mattered far less than the effect of its behavior
on its own beleaguered citizens. One participant catalogued the lethal diseases, including
HIV and malaria, which had proliferated in Burma owing to a moribund public health
system—at a time when the sale of natural resources was enriching members of the
regime. The unnecessary death of perhaps 100,000 citizens made the regime criminal
even before the cyclone struck, which meant that Burma had arguably been an R2P
situation for years. This participant and others nevertheless did not view the regime’s
neglect of its citizens in the aftermath of the cyclone as meriting the application of the
2
responsibility to protect. Another participant, however, said that the very real possibility
of mass death from neglect meant that the Security Council should have taken up the
issue and noted that the council had even rebuffed a proposed briefing by UN
humanitarian coordinator John Holmes..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect |
| Format/size: | | pdf (22K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 01 September 2010 |
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Various rights: reports of violations in Burma
Not a comprehensive list. For more, including updates, go to the publishers' home pages and search, go to the specific rights area in the Human Rights section of OBL and also use the OBL search function.
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Ongoing accounts of village-level resistance |
| Date of publication: | | 31 July 2009 |
| Description/subject: | | "External accounts of life in rural Burma have long been shaped by narrow stereotypes of helpless victims and intransigent oppressors. However, as KHRG has increasingly documented, such portrayals fail to accurately reflect the dynamics of life under military rule and the (albeit disadvantaged) efforts which regular people employ to resist abuse, renegotiate relations of power and assert control over their lives. As international engagement in Burma increases, a far more nuanced understanding of local-level political processes remains crucial to developing a rights-based approach to aid provision. To that end, the present report provides summaries of three recent incidents in which villagers sought to negotiate a change or reduction in military demands. All three accounts deal with orders issued by DKBA forces in Papun and Thaton districts of Karen State during May and June 2009. In a departure from the usual KHRG reporting-style, these accounts have been supplemented with illustrations based on villagers' descriptions of events provided to KHRG by an independent illustrator..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Field Reports (KHRG #2009-F13) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (860 KB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.khrg.org/khrg2009/khrg09f13.html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 30 October 2009 |
|
| Title: | | Attacks, killings and the food crisis in Papun District |
| Date of publication: | | 04 February 2009 |
| Description/subject: | | "SPDC abuses against civilians continue in northern Karen State, especially in the Lu Thaw and Dweh Loh townships of Papun District. Abuses have been particularly harsh in Lu Thaw, most of which has been designated a "black area" by the SPDC and so subject to constant attacks by Burma Army forces. Villagers who decide to remain in their home areas are often forced to live in hiding and not only face constant threats of violence by the SPDC, but also a worsening food crisis due to the SPDC's disruption of planting cycles. This report covers events in Papun District from August 2008 to January 2009..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Field Reports (KHRG #2009-F2) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (578 KB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.khrg.org/khrg2009/khrg09f2.html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 31 October 2009 |
|
| Title: | | KHRG's 300th Report: Cause for Celebration? |
| Date of publication: | | 01 August 2006 |
| Description/subject: | | "On July 29th the Karen Human Rights Group released our 300th report. Though this is a milestone for the organisation, we see this as cause for reflection rather than celebration, on how the situation and our work have evolved in the 14 years since our formation in 1992..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Right Group Commentaries (KHRG #2006-C3) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (40 KB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.khrg.org/khrg2006/khrg06c3.html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 16 November 2009 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Human Rights Group Commentary #94, Jan 19 |
| Date of publication: | | 16 January 1994 |
| Description/subject: | | "...On December 24, 1993, the officers of SLORC No. 301 Burma Regiment ordered the village headmen of Kyo Waing and No Kaneh villages, in Thaton District, to ensure that security is maintained in their respective village tract areas. They were forced to sign papers guaranteeing that if a single bomb explodes or a shot is fired in the entire village tract, they will pay compensation of 50,000 Kyat to SLORC, and if one truck is damaged by a land mine they will pay 100,000 Kyat. What wasn't written on the paper was that these headmen will also pay with their lives and those of several of their villagers. Already the SLORC has shelled defenceless villages with mortars without warning and massacred villagers this year in that area for much lesser "crimes", like "not guarding the road" and "failing to pay protection money when ordered".
All this at a time when SLORC delegates are travelling the world talking about the SLORC's "peace initiatives". But what means more - what the SLORC says at the UN, or what it does in Burma? Sadly, many foreign governments are now looking at their wallets and hedging on a decision. They should have a talk with the headmen of Kyo Waing and No Kaneh if they want to learn what "peace initiative" means to the SLORC - or better yet, they should go and try living in those villages for a year. While their governments consider resuming multi-million dollar "development aid" to the SLORC military, about 400 people in Thaton District have died since September from a dysentery epidemic because they had no medicine and no outside aid. The SLORC executes anyone in the area caught with medicine as a "rebel supplier". Aid could have reached them from the Thai border, if it had been sent..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Right Group (KHRG) |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 22 November 2009 |
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Burma Human Rights Yearbooks
These compilations of reports of human rights violations in Burma have been published annually since 1994. They are produced by the Human Rights Documentation Unit (HRDU) of the National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma (NCGUB). The Yearbooks from 2000 to 2003-2002 are in html and easy to access. Most of the others are in multiple pdf files, and though most of the actual text is accessible, there are a few formatting problems which will be fixed in the course of time.
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Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2008
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2008 |
| Date of publication: | | 23 November 2009 |
| Description/subject: | | TABLE OF CONTENTS:
1. Arbitrary Detention and Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances...2. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment...3. Extra-judicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions...4. Landmines and Other Explosive Devices...5. Production and Trade of Illicit Drugs...6. Trafficking and Smuggling...7. Forced Labour and Forced Conscription...8. Deprivation of Livelihood...9. Environmental Degradation...10. Cyclone Nargis – From natural disaster to human catastrophe...11. Right to Health...12. Freedom of Belief and Religion...13. Freedom of Opinion, Expression and the Press...14. Freedom of Assembly, Association and Movement...15. Right to Education...16. Rights of the Child...17. The Rights of Women...18. Ethnic Minority Rights...19. Internal Displacement and Forced Relocation...20. The Situation of Refugees...21.The Situation of Migrant Workers...EACH OF THESE CHAPTERS CAN HE INDEPENDENTLY READ AND DOWNLOADED |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Human Rights Docmentation Unit of the NCGUB |
| Format/size: | | html (21K - hyperlinked index ); pdf (13MB) 1092 pages - full pdf text |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs08/HRYB2008.pdf (full pdf text - 13MB) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 05 December 2009 |
|
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Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2007
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2007 |
| Date of publication: | | September 2008 |
| Description/subject: | | Use the main link to access a version containing hyperlinks to individual chapters....
PREFACE: "The year 2007 represented a turbulent year in the history of Burma. It was a year in which
we witnessed people from all walks of life coming together in the largest public display of
dissatisfaction with the military regime in almost 20 years. Regrettably, it was also a year in
which we witnessed the brutal and bloody crackdown on those peaceful protests, including
the unforgivable and unforgettable attacks on and killings of Buddhist monks. In reference to
the colour of the robes worn by the monks, the international media named this peaceful
mass movement the “Saffron Revolution”. These protests represented the biggest
demonstrations conducted in Burma since the popular democratic uprising of 8.8.88....
Responding to the brutality visited upon the protestors and dedicated to the memory of the
monks and laypersons who lost their lives during the Saffron Revolution, late in the year, the
Human Rights Documentation Unit (HRDU) commenced work on a report documenting the
events leading up to, during, and following the September protests. This comprehensive
report, entitled: Bullets in the Alms Bowl: An Analysis of the Brutal SPDC Suppression of the
September 2007 Saffron Revolution, was based on over 50 eyewitness testimonies to the
protests who had fled the country following the crackdowns as well as information gathered
by a team of researchers working clandestinely within Burma.
The situation of human rights in Burma largely disappeared from the international limelight
for about a year during the transition from UN Human Rights Commission into UN Human
Rights Council in 2006. Meanwhile, human rights violations in Burma continued unabated
without the notice of the new UN Human Rights Council. It was not until images of the
brutality visited upon the participants of the Saffron Revolution were broadcast worldwide by
local and international media that the Council was compelled to act and convened a Special
Session on 2 October 2007, thus bringing the human rights situation in Burma back onto
agenda again....
The year 2007 also witnessed the first time in almost four years in which the regime had
permitted the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Situation on Human Rights in
Burma, Professor Paulo Sergio Pinheiro, to return to the country. However, by his own
admission, little was accomplished in what was to become his final visit to the country in his
role in the mandate. Professor Pinheiro resigned as the Special Rapporteur on Burma in
early 2008. Perhaps reflecting some of the frustration associated with the mandate, in his
final report to the UN Human Rights Council, Pinheiro stated that the systematic and
widespread human rights violations that have continued to be committed in Burma “are not
simply isolated acts of individual misconduct by middle- or low-ranking officers, but rather the
result of a system under which individuals and groups have been allowed to breach the law
and violate human rights without being called to account”....
The consistent non-compliance of the Burmese military regime to the 30 consecutive
resolutions adopted by the UN General Assembly and UN Human Rights Council (previously
Commission) undermines the credibility of the UN system and the prevalence of international
law. However, since the international community bore witness to the ruthless crackdown on
the September 2007 Saffron Revolution, we have heard the voices of increasingly more of
the world’s respectable citizens and leading human rights advocates advocating for
international intervention from the perspective of the Responsibility to Protect principle....
The systematic and widespread perpetration of rape and sexual violence against women,
enslavement (forced labour), religious persecution and torture in combination of the litany of
other human rights abuses being committed in Burma with near complete impunity constitute
crimes against humanity according to Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court....The Burmese Generals should no longer be permitted to hide behind the wall of national
sovereignty as they have done so for years. It is time for the United Nations and the
international community to draw the legal conclusion that the human rights violations being
committed in Burma are tantamount to crimes against humanity and that the SPDC’s leaders
must be held to account for these crimes...." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Human Rights Documentation Unit of the NCGUB |
| Format/size: | | pdf (8MB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs5/HRDU2007.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 09 September 2008 |
|
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Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2006: html and pdf version
This is the main link to the 2006 Yearbook, with html, pdf and photo files.
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2006: html and pdf version |
| Date of publication: | | June 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | This is the main link to the 2006 Yearbook, with integrated html, pdf and photo files..."The Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2006 is available in two formats: HTML for online viewing; and PDF format for download. Use the following Table of Contents to navigate each chapter of the Yearbook sequentially. Each chapter may also be downloaded individually by using the links in the table below. Alternatively, the whole Yearbook may be downloaded in its entirety as a single file..."...N.B. the full pdf version is 7.16MB rather than the 716MB given in the TOC. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Human Rights Documentation Unit of the NCGUB |
| Format/size: | | html, pdf, jpg (58MB total) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 10 September 2007 |
|
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Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2006 -- pdf versions of individual chapters
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2006 - Chapter 6: Rights of the Child |
| Date of publication: | | 25 June 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | Introduction;
Children in Armed Conflict:
Violence against Children;
Abduction of Children...
Child Soldiers:
Child Soldiers in Armed Ethnic Groups;
Conscription of Child Soldiers...
Sexual Assault against Children...
Right to Education:
Education in Ethnic Minority and Conflict Areas;
Gender Equality...
Right to Health:
Children and HIV/AIDS...
Arrest and Detention of Children:
Children in Prison with Their Mothers...
Child Labour:
Children and Forced Labour...
Child Trafficking. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Human Rights Documentation Unit of the NCGUB (HRDU) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (465K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs4/HRDU2006.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 July 2007 |
|
| Title: | | Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2006: 00. Full text |
| Date of publication: | | 25 June 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | 1. Forced Labour and Forced Conscription; 2. Extra-judicial Killing, Summary or Arbitrary Execution; 3. Arbitrary Detention and Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances; 4. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, and Degrading Treatment or
Punishment; 5. Deprivation of Livelihood; 6. Rights of the Child; 7. Rights of Women; 8. Rights of Ethnic Minorities; 9. Rights to Education and Health; 10. The Freedom of Belief and Religion; 11. Freedom of Opinion, Expression, and the Press; 12. Freedom of Movement, Assembly and Association; 13. Internal Displacement and Forced Relocation; 14. The Situation of Refugees; 15. The Situation of Migrant Workers; 16. Landmines in Burma; Appendices:
Acronyms;
Glossary of Terms and Units of Measurement;
Abbreviations;
Spelling Conventions;
Karen State Disputed Areas of Demarcation;
Burma at a Glance: Facts and Figures;
Resources and Contributors...Rather a difficult document to download and navigate. Use the Adobe thumbnail bookmarks. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Human Rights Documentation Unit of the NCGUB |
| Format/size: | | pdf (7.2MB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.ncgub.net |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 July 2007 |
|
| Title: | | Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2006: 06. Chapter 3: Arbitrary Detention and Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances |
| Date of publication: | | 25 June 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | Introduction;
Recent History: 2006;
Arbitrary and Politically-Motivated Arrests, Detention and
Disappearances in 2006:
Arrest and Pre-Trial Interrogation and Detention;
Denial of Fair and Public Trials and Appeals;
Sentences...
Arbitrary or Politically-Motivated Arrests of Ethnic Minorities;
Arbitrary or Politically-Motivated Arrests of Civilians;
Foreigners Arrested and Detained in 2006;
Prolonged Detention...
Conditions of Detention:
Living Conditions;
Medical Concerns;Torture;
Deteriorating Conditions: Cessation of the International Committee of the Red
Cross visits;
Women in Prison;
Monks in Prison...
Political Prisoners in Poor Health;
Deaths of Political Prisoners in 2006;
Release of Political Prisoners:
List of Releases in 2006...
List of MP-Elects who remain Imprisoned in 2006. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Human Rights Documentation Unit of the NCGUB (HRDU) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (365K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs4/HRDU2006.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 July 2007 |
|
| Title: | | Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2006: 08. Chapter 5: Deprivation of Livelihood |
| Date of publication: | | 25 June 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | Introduction;
Inflation;
Economic Sanctions;
Additional Factors Affecting the Cost of Living...
Situation Facing Farmers in Burma:
Right to Own Land;
Forced Sale of Crops...
Dry Season Paddy Crops;
Physic Nut Agricultural Development Project;
Situation of Labour in Burma...
Other Factors Contributing to the Deprivation of Livelihood:
Forced Labour;
Fees, Taxes and Extortion;
Looting and Expropriation of Food and Possessions;
Land Confiscation;
Destruction of Property;
Restrictions on Trade, Travel and Cultivation. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Human Rights Documentation Unit of the NCGUB (HRDU) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (1MB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs4/HRDU2006.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 July 2007 |
|
| Title: | | Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2006: 11. Chapter 8: Rights of Ethnic Minorities |
| Date of publication: | | 25 June 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | Background;
Ethnic Politics, Armed Resistance, and Ceasefire Agreements: Arakan State;
Chin State;
Kachin State;
Karen State;
Karenni State;
Mon State;
Shan State;
Multilateral Resistance Organizations...
SPDC Campaign of Abuses Against Ethnic Minority Villagers;
Abuse of Ethnic Minorities by Ceasefire Groups;
Official List of Ethnic Minority Groups in Burma;
Ceasefire Status of Ethnic Groups. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Human Rights Documentation Unit of the NCGUB (HRDU) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (427K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs4/HRDU2006.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 July 2007 |
|
| Title: | | Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2006: 12. Chapter 9: Rights to Education and Health |
| Date of publication: | | 25 June 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | Background...
Situation of Education;
Corruption and Extortion in the Education System;
Primary Education;
Secondary Education;
Tertiary Education;
Disparity between Civilian and Military Education;
Educational Opportunities for Ethnic Minorities...
Situation of Health:
Access to Healthcare;
HIV/AIDS;
Avian Influenza;
Malaria;
Dengue Fever;
Tuberculosis;
Diarrhoea;
Cholera;
Typhoid;
Lymphatic filariasis;
Polio;
Measles;
Foot and Mouth Disease;
Support for People with Disabilities; International Humanitarian Aid. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Human Rights Documentation Unit of the NCGUB (HRDU) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (368K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs4/HRDU2006.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 July 2007 |
|
| Title: | | Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2006: 14. Chapter 11: Freedom of Opinion, Expression, and the Press |
| Date of publication: | | 25 June 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | Background;
SPDC Laws Restricting Freedom of Opinion, Expression, and the Press;
The National Convention: Increased Control over Expression;
State of Freedom of the Press in 2006;
The State of Publications in 2006 569
Continuing Detention of Journalists;
Academic Freedom;
Freedom of Speech and Freedom of Expression...
Freedom of Expression in the Arts:
Censorship of Film and Television;
Censorship of Music;
Censorship of Visual and Performance Arts.
Control of Computer Technology and Communications. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Human Rights Documentation Unit of the NCGUB (HRDU) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (451K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs4/HRDU2006.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 July 2007 |
|
| Title: | | Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2006: 15: Chapter 12: Freedom of Movement, Assembly and Association |
| Date of publication: | | 25 June 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | Introduction;
Restrictions on Villagers in Border Conflict Areas;
Restriction on the Movement of the Rohingya;
Restrictions on International Travel and Migration;
Restrictions on the Movement of Women;
Restrictions on Foreigners in Burma:
Humanitarian and Aid Agencies...
Restrictions on the Freedoms of Assembly;
Restrictions on Freedom of Association;
Restrictions on Political Parties;
Restrictions on and Harassment of the NLD;
Prohibition of Free and Independent Trade Unions;
Other Social Organisations in Burma...
The Union Solidarity and Development Association (USDA):
Recruitment;
USDA as an Approximation and Manipulation of Civil Society;
USDA as a Security Apparatus;
USDA as a Political Party. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Human Rights Documentation Unit of the NCGUB (HRDU) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (536K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs4/HRDU2006.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 July 2007 |
|
| Title: | | Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2006: 16. Chapter 13: Internal Displacement and Forced Relocation |
| Date of publication: | | 25 June 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | Background;
Causes of Displacement in Burma:
Conflict-Induced Displacement;
Landmines;
Development-Induced Displacement;
Human Rights-Induced Displacement...
Destinations of the Displaced and Forcibly Relocated:
Relocation Sites;
IDP Hiding Sites;
Ceasefire Areas...
Humanitarian Assistance;
Situation in Arakan State;
Situation in Chin State;
Situation in Kachin State;
Situation in Karen State;
Situation in Karenni State;
Situation in Mon State;
Situation in Shan State;
Situation in Tenasserim Division;
Statistics of IDPs in Eastern Burma. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Human Rights Documentation Unit of the NCGUB (HRDU) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (1.8MB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs4/HRDU2006.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 July 2007 |
|
| Title: | | Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2006: 17. Chapter 14: The Situation of Refugees |
| Date of publication: | | 25 June 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | Background:
Burmese Refugees in Thailand:
2006 Demographics of Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Thailand ;
Thai Government Policy towards Refugees and Asylum Seekers;
Change of the Thai Government;
Policy for Refugees in the Camps;
Detained, Arrested and Deported Refugees;
The UNHCR and the Refugee Status Determination Process;
Situation of Women in Refugee Camps;
Situation of Children in Refugee Camps;
Situation of Specific Ethnic Groups of the Refugee Population;
Timeline of Major Refugee-Related Events on the Thai-Burma Border in 2006...
Burmese Refugees in Bangladesh:
Rohingya Refugees in Nayapara and Kutupalong Refugee Camps;
UNHCR Disengagement and Forced Repatriation;
Unofficial Rohingya Refugees;
Arakanese Refugees in Bangladesh;
Burmese Refugees in Bangladeshi Prisons...
Burmese Refugees in India:
Refugees and Asylum Seekers in New Delhi;
Chin Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Northeastern India;
Crackdown on Chin Opposition Groups...
Burmese Refugees in Malaysia...
Burmese Refugees in Other Locations:
Australia;
Canada;
Finland;
Indonesia:
Japan;
South Korea;
United States. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Human Rights Documentation Unit of the NCGUB (HRDU) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (443K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs4/HRDU2006.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 July 2007 |
|
| Title: | | Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2006: 18. Chapter 15: The Situation of Migrant Workers |
| Date of publication: | | 25 June 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | Background...
Situation of Burmese Migrants in Thailand:
Patterns of Migration and Trafficking;
Thai Migration Policy and Legal Registration of Migrant Workers;
Working Conditions and Labour Law;
Migrant Health;
Situation for Migrant Children;
Deportation of Migrants;
The Tsunami;
Timeline of Events Relating to Migrant Workers in Thailand...
The Rohingya Boat People;
Situation of Burmese Migrants in Malaysia;
Situation of Burmese Migrants in India;
Situation of Burmese Migrants in Other Places. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Human Rights Documentation Unit of the NCGUB (HRDU) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (457K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs4/HRDU2006.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 July 2007 |
|
| Title: | | Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2006: 20. Appendices |
| Date of publication: | | 25 June 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | Acronyms;
Glossary of Terms and Units of Measurement;
Abbreviations;
Spelling Conventions;
Karen State Disputed Areas of Demarcation;
Burma at a Glance: Facts and Figures;
Resources and Contributors. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Human Rights Documentation Unit of the NCGUB (HRDU) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (225K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs4/HRDU2006.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 July 2007 |
|
| Title: | | Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2006: Forced Labour and Forced Conscription |
| Date of publication: | | 25 June 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | 1.1 Introduction: Forced Portering; Forced Labour; Forced Convict Labour; Forced Military Conscription...1.2 ILO Activities in Burma:
Construction of the New Capital [box]... 1.3 Forced Labour Resulting from International Joint Ventures:
The Settlement of the Total Lawsuit; Potential Use of Forced Labour on Internationally Sponsored Projects; Salween Dams; Shwe Gas Development; Road and Rail Projects...1.4 Forced Portering – Partial List of Incidents for 2006:
Arakan State -
Buthidaung Township; Chin State -
Matupi Township; Karen State -
Dooplaya District, Mergui/Tavoy District, Nyaunglebin District, Thaton District, Toungoo District; Mon State -
Ye Township; Shan State -
Kae-See Township, Murng Kerng Township, Murng-Nai Township, Namkhan Township, Nam-Zarng Township...1.5 Forced Labour – Partial List of Incidents for 2006:
Arakan State - Buthidaung Township, Kyaukpru Township, Maungdaw Township, Palawa Township, Ponna Kyunt Township, Rathidaung Township; Chin State -
Falam Township, Hakha Township, Matupi Township, Paletwa Township, Tedim Township, Thantlang Township; Kachin State -
Hopin Township, Sinbo Township; Karen State -
Dooplaya District, Nyaunglebin District, Pa’an District, Papun District, Thaton District, Toungoo District; Karenni State; Mon State - Khaw Zar Sub-Township, Mudon Township, Thanbyuzayat Township, Ye Township; Pegu Division; Sagaing Division; Shan State - Kae-See Township, Kun Hing Township, Lai-Kha Township, Lashio Township, Muse Town, Murng-Ton Township, Tachilek Township; Tenasserim Division
1.6 Forced Prison Labour – Partial List of Incidents for 2006:
Arakan State; Chin State; Karen State - Papun District, Thaton District, Toungoo District; Mandalay Division
1.7 Forced Conscription and Forced Military Training – Partial List of Incidents for 2006: Arakan State - Manaung Township, Maungdaw Township, Ponna Kyunt Township, Yathetaung Township; Chin State -
Paletwa Township, Matupi Township; Kachin State; Karen State -
Nyaunglebin District, Pa’an District; Mon State; Tenasserim Division
1.8 Interviews and Personal Accounts [20 interviews]. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Human Rights Documentation Unit of the NCGUB |
| Format/size: | | pdf (626K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs4/HRDU2006-CD/ |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 July 2007 |
|
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Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2004
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2004 |
| Date of publication: | | 01 October 2005 |
| Description/subject: | | TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Preface;
Burma at a Glance: Facts & Figures;
Map of Burma;
Historical Background;
Acronyms and Abbreviations;
Facts on Human Rights Violations in Burma 2004;
(1). Forced Labor;
(2). Extra-judicial, Summary, or Arbitrary Executions;
(3). Arbitrary Detention and Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances;
(4). Torture;
(5). Deprivation of Livelihood;
(6). Rights of the Child;
(7). Rights of Women;
(8). Rights of Ethnic Minorities;
(9). Rights to Education and Health;
(10). Freedom of Belief and Religion;
(11). Freedom of Opinion, Expression and the Press;
(12). Freedom of Assembly, Association and Movement;
(13). Internally Displaced People and Forced Relocation;
(14). The Situation of Refugees;
(15). The Situation of Migrant Workers;
(16). Landmines in Burma;
List of Resources and Contributors;
All Photos. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Human Rights Documentation Unit of the NCGUB |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 02 October 2005 |
|
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Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2003-2004
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Burma Human Rights Yearbook, 2003-2004 |
| Date of publication: | | December 2004 |
| Description/subject: | | TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Burma at a Glance: Facts & Figures;
Map of Burma;
Historical Background;
Acronyms and Abbreviations;
Facts on Human Rights Violations in Burma 2003;
(1). Forced Labor;
(2). Extra-judicial, Summary, or Arbitrary Executions;
(3). Arbitrary Detention and Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances;
(4). Torture;
(5). Deprivation of Livelihood;
(6). Rights of the Child;
(7). Rights of Women;
(8). Rights of Ethnic Minorities;
(9). Rights of Education and Health;
(10). Freedom of Belief and Religion;
(11). Freedom of Opinion, Expression and the Press;
(12). Freedom of Assembly, Association and Movement;
(13). Internally Displaced People and Forced Relocation;
(14). The Situation of Refugees;
(15). The Situation of Migrant Workers from Burma;
(16). Landmines in Burma;
(17). List of Resources and Contributors. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Human Rights Documentation Unit of the NCGUB |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 04 December 2004 |
|
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Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2001-2002
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2001-2002 |
| Date of publication: | | September 2002 |
| Description/subject: | | Clickable access to the following sections:
Preface;
Acknowledgments ;
Co-Ordinator's Commentary ;
Acronyms and Abbreviations;
Burma at a Glance: Facts & Figures:-
Map of Burma;
Historical Background;
Facts on Human Rights Violations in Burma 2000;
(1). Forced Labor;
(2). Extra-judicial, Summary, or Arbitrary Executions;
(3). Arbitrary Detention and Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances;
(4). Torture;
(5). Deprivation of Livelihood;
(6). Rights of the Child;
(7). Rights of Women;
(8) Rights of Ethnic Minorities;
(9) Rights of Education and Health;
(10). The Freedom of Belief and Religion;
(11). Freedom of Opinion, Expression and the Press;
(12). The Freedom of Movement;
(13). Internally Displaced People and Forced Relocation;
(14). The Situation of Refugees;
(15). The Situation of Migrant Workers from Burma;
(16). Landmines in Burma;
(17). List of Resources and Contributors. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Human Rights Documentation Unit of the NCGUB |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
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Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2000
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2000 |
| Date of publication: | | October 2001 |
| Description/subject: | | Separate clickable chapters on: Forced Labor; Extra-judicial, Summery, or Arbitrary Executions; Arbitrary Detention and Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances; Torture and Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading treatment or punishment; Deprivation of Livelihood; Rights of the Child; Rights of Women; Rights of Ethnic Minorities; Rights to Education and Health; Freedom of Religious Belief and Practice; Freedom of Opinion, Expression and the Press; Freedom of Assembly and Association; Freedom of Movement; Internally Displaced People and Forced Relocation; The Situation of Refugees;
The Situation of Migrant Workers from Burma; Special Report #1 Landmines in Burma; Special Report #2 Tourism and Human Rights Violations - The Than Daung Gyi Project; List of Resources and Contributors. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma (NCGUB) Human Rights Documentation Unit |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
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Burma Human Rights Yearbook 1999-2000
N.B. Due to conversion problems, this version contains text only. Photos, maps etc. will be added later, if possible. On some pages, users may have to scroll down to find the text.
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Burma Human Rights Yearbook 1999-2000: 22 - Personal Accounts |
| Date of publication: | | August 2000 |
| Description/subject: | | Interviews covering the various human rights issues contained in this Yearbook. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Human Rights Documentation Unit of the NCGUB |
| Format/size: | | pdf (376K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 23 November 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Burma Human Rights Yearbook 1999-2000: 23 - SLORC/SPDC Orders to Villages |
| Date of publication: | | August 2000 |
| Description/subject: | | These orders frequently call for (involuntary) labour, food items, etc. N. B. the facsimiles of the original Orders contained in the print version are not here. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Human Rights Documentation Unit of the NCGUB |
| Format/size: | | pdf (49K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 23 November 2003 |
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