Discrimination against the Shan
Websites/Multiple Documents
| Title: | | Freunde der Shan/Friends of Shan |
| Description/subject: | | Übersetzung wichtiger Berichte von SWAN/SHRF
Hintergrundinformationen über Geschichte, Geographie, Kultur und einer Reihe zusätzlicher Links. This site carries a German translations of the important SWAN/SHRF reports, "License to Rape" - "Lizenz zur Vergewaltigung", plus a couple of related articles, and will no doubt have more in the future. |
| Language: | | Deutsch, German (+some English) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://archive.is/http://friends-of-shan.de/
http://www.friends-of-shan.de/ |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Land Grabbing and Related Issues and Abuses Continue - SHRF Newsletter, March 2013 |
| Date of publication: | | March 2013 |
| Description/subject: | | Commentary: Land Grabbing and Related Issues and Abuses Continue...
Contents: Themes & Places of Violations reported in this issue...
Acronyms:
MAP...
Land abandoned under force seized and original owners required to buy them back, in Lai-Kha...
Burmese military let people’s militia groups grow crops on lands long cultivated by local people, in Nam-Zarng...
Situation of land grabbing and related abuses in areas under the influence of a ceasefire group “UWSA”, in Murng-Ton...
Original local people forced to sell land, restricted from cultivating remorte farms, in Murng-Ton...
Threats of land confiscation, arrest and restrictions, in Murng-Ton...
Wresting of water from original local farmers, in Murng-Ton...
Land grabbed and resold by businessman under “UWSA” protection, in Murng-Ton. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Shan Human Rights Foundation (SHRF) |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://shanhumanrights.org/old_version/index.php?option=com_content&view=section&id=5&Itemid=71 |
| Date of entry/update: | | 26 October 2015 |
|
| Title: | | Forced labour and portering - Shan Human Rights Foundation Monthly Newsletter, December 2012 |
| Date of publication: | | December 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | All the reports in this month’s issue are about the use of unpaid civilian forced labourers, especially as guides and porters, and a few incidents of other violations, committed by Burmese army patrols in rural Shan State during the period from early up to late 2012......
* Commentary: Forced Labour: Forced Portering Continues
*Contents
*Acronyms
*Map
*Situation of forced portering in Nam-Zarng
*Villagers forced to serve as porters during military operation in Nam-Zarng
*Villagers forced to serve as porters after being robbed of their chickens in Nam-Zarng
*Routine use of forced labour of civilian guides and porters, and extortion, in Nam-Zarng
*Situation of forced portering in Murng-Paeng
*Villagers forced to routinely serve as unpaid guides and porters in Murng-Paeng
*Frequent forced portering causing a village to become almost deserted in Murng-Paeng
*Increased forced portering in Murng-Paeng
*Situation of forced portering in other townships
*Many days of mass forced portering in Murng-Su and Kae-See
*Frequent and lengthy forced portering causing people to flee, in Larng-Khur
*Civilian guides forced to carry ammunition in Kun-Hing |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Shan Human Rights Foundation (SHRF) |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://shanhumanrights.org/old_version/index.php?option=com_content&view=section&id=5&Itemid=71 |
| Date of entry/update: | | 26 October 2015 |
|
| Title: | | Extortion and [theft in Shan State] - Shan Human Rights Foundation Monthly Report, July 2012 |
| Date of publication: | | July 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Commentary: Extortion Everywhere...
Contents: Themes & Places of Violations reported in this issue...
Acronyms...
MAP...
Situation of extortion in various government civil and social services department in Shan State...
Extortion on issuance of citizen identity cards in Keng-Tung...
Extortion on issuance of citizen identity card in Ta-Khi-Laek...
Extortion concerning electricity department in Kaeng-Tung...
Extortion by electricity department in Kaeng –Tawng sub-township, Murng-Nai township...
Extortion by land survey department in Kaeng Tawng sub-township, Murng-Nai township...
Extortion by authorities in charge of anti-human-trafficking, at airports and checkpoints in Kaw-Law and Ta-Khi-Laek...
Extortion by members of telephone department in Kaeng-Tung...
Extortion by road and vehicle control department in Kaeng-Tung...
Situation of extortion by police and military at checkpoints in Shan State...
Extortion at checkpoints near Thai-Border in Murng-Ton. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Shan Human Rights Foundation (SHRF) |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 26 October 2015 |
|
| Title: | | 10,000 Shans uprooted, 500 houses burned in Burmese regime's latest scorched earth campaign |
| Date of publication: | | 13 August 2009 |
| Description/subject: | | 10,000 Shans uprooted, 500 houses burned in Burmese regime’s latest scorched earth campaign (press release)...
Map of villages forcibly relocated...
Summary of villages forcibly relocated...
Images of the Burmese regime's latest scorched earth campaign |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Shan Human Rights Foundation (SHRF), Shan Women's Action Network (SWAN), Shan Relief and Development Committee, Shan Sapawa Environmental Organisation, Shan Youth Power, Shan Health Committee |
| Format/size: | | html, pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 29 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Deserted Fields: The destruction of agriculture in Mong Nai Township, Shan State |
| Date of publication: | | January 2006 |
| Description/subject: | | Summary:
"Wrong-headed agricultural and development policies, counter-insurgency activities, as well
as corruption and cronyism by the Burmese military regime, have all caused a dramatic
decrease in rice production and food security in southern Shan State over the past ten years.
The township of Mong Nai provides a good example of how food security, commonly defined
as the physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food at all times, has
been put in a precarious condition despite the regime’s claims that it is achieving self-sufficiency
and agricultural development. In the past Mong Nai was well known for its fertile land and
abundant production of quality rice. Even though people could not make much income from
their crops, they had enough to survive. Since 1994, however, a series of national policies and
initiatives have led to a decline in rice production, the abandonment of fertile fields, and the
exodus of thousands of residents to neighbouring Thailand.
In order to implement its national rice procurement policy, the State Peace and Development
Council (SPDC) set up a paddy (unmilled rice) buying center in the town of Mong Nai in
1994. Farmers were forced to sell rice to the regime at depressed prices (about one quarter
of the normal market price) based on the acreage of land they customarily tended and regardless
of actual crop yields. This center, and how its quota system was implemented, disrupted
farmers’ access to their own rice harvests and drove many into debt. The SPDC proudly
announced the abolishment of this system and the opening of a market-oriented economy in
2003. However, new practices have been able to ensure that the military maintains its own
stores of rice at the expense of local populations. agriculture, and led to decreased rice production and food security in the township. The
amount of rice fields under cultivation has decreased by approximately 56% since 1994
while the population has decreased by approximately 30%. The drastic decrease in upland
agriculture has practically wiped out the cultivation of sesame and the subsequent production
of sesame oil in the township, while a wide variety of beans, fruits, and other vegetables are
also not cultivated. Restrictions on trade and travel have made foodstuffs harder to get and
more expensive.
Contrary to the regime’s claims, Burma is not on the road to self-sufficiency and food security."...
Table of Contents:
Summary.2;
Background 4;
Food and Agriculture Situation Before 1994 5;
Rice Procurement Policy/the Quota System 6;
Forced Relocation 7;
Map 1: Rice Cultivation and Villages in 1994 8;
Map 2: Rice Culitvation, Remaining Villages and Confiscated Lands in 2005 9;
Land Confiscation 10;
Restricted Movement 12;
Trading Restrictions 13;
Forced Planting of Summer Paddy 13;
Conclusion: The Situation Today 15...
Appendix 1: Decrease in Rice Production in Mong Nai Township 1994-2005 16. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Shan Relief and Development Committee (SRDC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (204K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 18 January 2006 |
|
| Title: | | SHRF Monatlicher Menschenrechtsbericht Februar 2003 |
| Date of publication: | | February 2003 |
| Description/subject: | | Deutsche Ünberstzung des monatlichen Menschenrechtsberichts der SHRF. Monthly SHRF human rights report. |
| Author/creator: | | SHRF |
| Language: | | Deutsch, German |
| Source/publisher: | | Freunde der Shan - Friends of the Shan |
| Format/size: | | html (36K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.friends-of-shan.de/?p=28 |
| Date of entry/update: | | March 2003 |
|
| Title: | | SHRF Monatlicher Menschenrechtsbericht Januar 2003 |
| Date of publication: | | January 2003 |
| Description/subject: | | Deutsche Übersetzung des monatlichen Menschenrechtsberichts der SHRF. Monthly SHRF human rights report. |
| Author/creator: | | SHRF |
| Language: | | Deutsch, German |
| Source/publisher: | | Freunde der Shan - Friends of the Shan |
| Format/size: | | html (33K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.friends-of-shan.de/?p=27 |
| Date of entry/update: | | February 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Licence to Rape |
| Date of publication: | | May 2002 |
| Description/subject: | | "The Burmese military regime's use of sexual violence in the ongoing war in Shan State...This report details 173 incidents of rape and other forms of sexual
violence, involving 625 girls and women, committed by Burmese army
troops in Shan State, mostly between 1996 and 2001...
The report gives clear evidence that rape is officially condoned as a
'weapon of war' against the civilian populations in Shan State. There
appears to be a concerted strategy by the Burmese army troops to rape
Shan women as part of their anti-insurgency activities. The incidents
detailed were committed by soldiers from 52 different battalions. 83%
of the rapes were committed by officers, usually in front of their own
troops. The rapes involved extreme brutality and often torture such as
beating, mutilation and suffocation. 25% of the rapes resulted in
death, in some incidences with bodies being deliberately displayed to
local communities...Evidence in this report has revealed that the Burmese military regime is using rape on a systematic and widespread scale as a
'weapon of war' against the ethnic populations in Shan State. It has also illustrated that the increased militarization of the region has
greatly increased the vulnerability of women and girls to rape. Examining the jurisprudence from the ICTY and ICTR on sexual
violence as an international crime, illustrates there is a strong case that war crimes and crimes against humanity are being
committed by the Burmese army in Shan State.
The rape survivors have no recourse either to legal processes, or to any crisis support inside Shan State. Those fleeing to Thailand
are also denied their right to protection and humanitarian assistance, and are liable to deportation at any time...".....Available in Shan,Burmese, Chinese, French, German, Hindi |
| Language: | | English, Shan, Burmese, Chinese, French, German, Hindi |
| Source/publisher: | | Shan Human Rights Foundation, Shan Women |
| Format/size: | | PDF (1.8MB) and html (in sections) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Lizenz zur Vergewaltigung- "Licence to rape" |
| Date of publication: | | May 2002 |
| Description/subject: | | Deutsche Übersetzung des Artikels "Licence to rape"
Die in Nordthailand im Exil ansässige Menschenrechtsorganisation "Shan Women's Action Network" (SWAN) erstellte im Mai 2002 einen umfassenden und detaillierten Bericht über die weitverbreitete Anwendung sexueller Gewalt gegen Frauen und Mädchen im Shan Staat (im Nordosten des burmesischen Staatsgebiets). Dieser Bericht trägt den schockierenden Titel:
"License to Rape" - Lizenz zur Vergewaltigung
Der Report belegt detailliert, dass das burmesische Militär in systematischer Weise Vergewaltigungen als Mittel der Kriegsführung gegen das Volk der Shan benutzt
Inhalt
Vergewaltigung als "Kriegswaffe" geduldet
Militarisierung verursacht zunehmende Gefährdung durch Vergewaltigung
Zwangsarbeit
Die Überlebenden
Sexuelle Gewalt als internationales Verbrechen |
| Author/creator: | | Shan Herald Agency for News- Deutsche Übersetzung: Freunde der Shan |
| Language: | | Deutsch, German |
| Source/publisher: | | Freunde der Shan |
| Format/size: | | HTML |
| Date of entry/update: | | 11 August 2006 |
|
| Title: | | Myanmar: Exodus from the Shan State |
| Date of publication: | | July 2000 |
| Description/subject: | | Civilians in the central Shan State are suffering the enormous consequences of internal armed conflict, as fighting between the tatmadaw, or Myanmar army, and the Shan State Army-South (SSA-South) continues. The vast majority of affected people are rice farmers who have been deprived of their lands and their livelihoods as a result of the State Peace and Development Council's (SPDC, Myanmar's military government) counter-insurgency tactics. In the last four years over 300,000 civilians have been displaced by the tatmadaw, hundreds have been killed when they attempted to return to their farms, and thousands have been seized by the army to work without pay on roads and other projects. Over 100,000 civilians have fled to neighbouring Thailand, where they work as day labourers, risking arrest for "illegal immigration" by the Thai authorities. |
| Language: | | English, Français |
| Source/publisher: | | Amnesty International (ASA 16/11/00) |
| Format/size: | | html, pdf |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA16/011/2000/en/dbcff799-deb1-11dd-8e92-1571ae6babe0/asa1...
http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA16/011/2000/en/ed5dfc36-deb1-11dd-8e92-1571ae6babe0/asa1... (French) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 25 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Raising the Setting Sun |
| Date of publication: | | June 2000 |
| Description/subject: | | Shan State has played a pivotal role in Burma's modern political history, but its culture and people have been under siege since the spirit of the historic Panglong Agreement was killed along with Aung San and other assassinated independence leaders in 1947, writes Irrawaddy culture editor Min Zin. Once known as the "land of the Sunset Kings", the homeland of the Shan is now struggling to emerge from the shadow of Burmese cultural hegemony. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy", Vol.8. No. 6 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Exiled at Home: Continued Forced Relocations and Displacement in Shan State |
| Date of publication: | | 05 April 2000 |
| Description/subject: | | Continued Forced Relocations and Displacement in Shan State. "This report aims to provide a picture of the current situation in central Shan State, where the military junta ruling Burma has forcibly uprooted and destroyed over 1,400 villages and displaced well over 300,000 people since 1996. This campaign against civilians is still continuing after 4 brutal years, leaving much of the Shan population homeless. In this report, some of the villagers who both lived in relocation sites and hid in the jungle to avoid relocation describe their experiences. Further background and detail on the campaign to uproot the Shan can be found in the previous Karen Human Rights Group reports "Killing the Shan" (KHRG #98-03, 23/5/98) and "Forced Relocation in Central Shan State" (KHRG #96-23, 25/6/96), which are available online at this web site or by request from KHRG, and in the April 1998 report "Dispossessed: Forced Relocation and Extrajudicial Killings in Shan State" by the Shan Human Rights Foundation." ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: forced resettlement, forced relocation, forced movement, forced displacement, forced migration, forced to move, displaced |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Regional & Thematic Reports (KHRG #2000-03) |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.khrg.org/khrg2000/khrg0003.html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Myanmar: Update on the Shan State |
| Date of publication: | | June 1999 |
| Description/subject: | | It has now been over three years since the tatmadaw, or Burmese army, started a mass forcible relocation program of hundreds of thousands of Shan civilians. In March 1996 the army began to relocate over 300,000 members of the Shan ethnic minority in central Shan State in an effort to break up any links between civilians and members of the Shan State Army - South (SSA), an ethnic minority armed opposition group. After villagers were relocated, they were forbidden from returning to their homes and farms to work in their fields and collect belongings -- those who disobeyed were frequently shot on sight by Burmese troops. In addition relocated Shan civilians were used as a pool of labourers to do work without pay and against their will. Keywords: Ethnic groups, forced labour, indiscriminate killing, refugees, displaced people, military, farmers, extrajudicial execution. ... ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: forced resettlement, forced relocation, forced movement, forced displacement, forced migration, forced to move, displaced |
| Language: | | English,French |
| Source/publisher: | | Amnesty International (ASA 16/13/99) |
| Format/size: | | html, pdf |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA16/013/1999/en/18bf7296-e117-11dd-b0b0-b705f60696a0/asa1...
http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA16/013/1999/en/2dd95ce0-e117-11dd-b0b0-b705f60696a0/asa1...
http://www.amnestyusa.org/document.php?id=437683047D5F002580256900006933E2&lang=e |
| Date of entry/update: | | 21 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Poison Rats Cause Shan Deaths |
| Date of publication: | | February 1999 |
| Description/subject: | | In central Shan State of Burma, since May 1998 until the present, over 400 Shan villagers in Parng Long district have died with symptoms of poisoning. According to Shan human rights workers and local Shans, the sudden deaths began after the dumping by the Burmese military of thousands of poisoned rats into the Pawn River, the only source of water for the over 10,000 villagers in Wan Nong Wan Koong village in Pamg Long. |
| Author/creator: | | Aung Zaw |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy", Vol. 7. No. 2 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | The Situation Around Ho Murng (Information Update) |
| Date of publication: | | 13 June 1998 |
| Description/subject: | | "Deterioration of the economic and human rights situation and increase in opium and amphetamine production in Ho Murng with the SLORC occupation which followed the surrender and departure of Khun Sa..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Regional & Thematic Reports (KHRG #98-07) |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.khrg.org/khrg98/khrg9807.html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Killing the Shan: The Continuing Campaign of Forced Relocation in Shan State (Information Update) |
| Date of publication: | | 23 May 1998 |
| Description/subject: | | "This report aims to provide a picture of the current situation in central Shan State, where the military junta ruling Burma has forcibly uprooted and destroyed over 1,400 villages and displaced over 300,000 people since 1996. This campaign against civilians is still continuing, and the number of villages destroyed is increasing each month. In this report, some of the villagers who have fled in 1997 and 1998 describe their experiences. Further background and detail on the campaign to uproot the Shan can be found in the previous Karen Human Rights Group report "Forced Relocation in Central Shan State" (KHRG #96-23, 25/6/96), and in the April 1998 report "Dispossessed: Forced Relocation and Extrajudicial Killings in Shan State" by the Shan Human Rights Foundation ..." ..... ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: forced resettlement, forced relocaton, forced movement, forced displacement, forced migration, forced to move, displaced |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Regional & Thematic Reports (KHRG #98-03) |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.khrg.org/khrg98/khrg9803.html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Dispossessed |
| Date of publication: | | April 1998 |
| Description/subject: | | A report on forced relocation and extrajudicial killings in Shan State, Burma. Since the publication of "Uprooting the Shan," the report by the SHRF detailing the forced relocation program carried out by the SLORC in Shan State during 1996, the SLORC military regime (recently renamed the State Peace and Development Council or SPDC) has been continuing to uproot more villages throughout 1997 and early 1998. Many of the relocation sites that were the results of 1996 relocations have been forced to move again. Human rights abuses such as mass killings, rape, torture and looting have been committed repeatedly by the SPDC troops against the displaced population. This has prompted the need to publish this updated report, containing more complete lists and maps of the relocated villages, and detailing the many extrajudicial killings committed by the military regime in the areas of relocation. We hope that this report will give a clearer picture to the international community of the devastating effects of the forced relocation program on the population of Central Shan State. KEYWORDS: forced resettlement, forced relocation, forced movement, forced displacement, forced migration, forced to move, displaced |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Shan Human Rights Foundation |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 25 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Interviews About Shan State |
| Date of publication: | | 27 July 1996 |
| Description/subject: | | "The interviews in this report are with people from 2 areas over 300 kilometres apart: Mong Hsat in southeastern Shan State, about 70 km. west of Tachilek and 50 km. north of the Burma-Thai border, and Hsipaw in northwestern Shan State, along the main road from Mandalay to Lashio. Forced relocation (Interviews #1,3,4), land confiscation for Army camps (#1-4), land confiscation for Army farms (#1,2,5), land confiscated for resale by the Army (#4), land confiscation for Mong Hsat airport extension (#3,4), crop confiscation (#1,3), meat confiscation (#4,5), cash extortion (#1,3-5), forcing villagers to buy mules for the Army (#4,5), logging (#1), climate change due to logging (#1,2), hardship caused by visit of foreign Ambassadors (#1), corruption on airline flights (#4), SSA abuses (#1), USDA (#1), "People's Desires" (#1). Forced Labour: Farming (#1-4), roads (#4,5), pagoda (#1), Army camps (#2,3, 5), porters (#1,4,5), in town (#1), preparing for visit of foreign Ambassadors (#1)..."
ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: forced resettlement, forced relocation, forced movement, forced displacement, forced migration, forced to move, displaced |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Regional & Thematic Reports (KHRG #96-26) |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.khrg.org/khrg96/khrg9627.html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | SLORC in Southern Shan State |
| Date of publication: | | 20 August 1994 |
| Description/subject: | | "In December 1993, SLORC launched its first-ever major offensive against the territory of the Mong Ta Army (MTA) led by Khun Sa, who is generally referred to internationally as a 'drug warlord'. The SLORC has put a lot of effort into publicizing this internationally as a military offensive to eradicate narcotics, and has even asked the U.S. for military assistance. However, most Burma watchers agree
that this is not an anti-narcotics offensive, pointing to the fact that the SLORC never attacked Khun Sa
until he started making very strong Shan Nationalist noises: demanding that all Burmese troops leave Shan State, proclaiming its independence and having himself declared President. Furthermore, satellite photos and other evidence show that most of the opium is not being produced in Khun Sa's territory at all, but in territory controlled by SLORC and its ceasefire partners like the Wa and Kokang. It seems more likely that the main purpose of this offensive is to strengthen SLORC’s control in Shan State, using drug eradication' as an excuse for a brutal campaign. Regardless of Khun Sa’s real or perceived faults and the question of his sincerity, many people in Shan State are rallying to his Shan Nationalist line, encouraged by the fact that his is the only army in Shan State currently fighting the common enemy, SLORC..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group (KHRG) Regional & Thematic Reports |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.khrg.org/khrg94/94_08_20.html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | BURMA: EXTRAJUDICIAL EXECUTION, TORTURE AND POLITICAL IMPRISONMENT OF MEMBERS OF THE SHAN AND OTHER ETHNIC MINORITIES |
| Date of publication: | | August 1988 |
| Description/subject: | | "This document presents new evidence of a consistent pattern of unlawful
killing and ill-treatment of members of Burma's ethnic minorities by
security forces, including the army and police. It is a follow-up to a
document published in May 1988, Burma: Extrajudicial Execution and Torture
of Members of Ethnic Minorities. That document presented evidence of
unlawful killings and torture of members of the Karen, Kachin and Mon
ethnic minorities. This document provides information about allegations of
similarly severe violations of the human rights of members of the Shan
ethnic minority. It also describes the cases of two or three Shan who may
be prisoners of conscience. There is information suggesting they may be
imprisoned because of their ethnic background and their non-violent
political opinions or peaceful exercise of the right to freedom of
expression..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Amnesty International (ASA 16/10/88) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (158K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 30 April 2006 |
|
| Title: | | The Victim Zone |
| Date of publication: | | June 1988 |
| Description/subject: | | Recent Reports of Burmese Military Human Rights Abuse in the Shan State. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Project Maje |
| Format/size: | | PDF (1.49MB) 63 pages |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
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