Forced Relocation/Forced migration
Aka Forced Eviction, Forced Resettlement, Forced Displacement, Forcible Population Transfer. See also the sections on Internal Displacement and Humanitarian Action/Relief.
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Forced relocation of individual ethnic groups
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Forced relocation of Karen
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Attacks on displaced villagers in Nyaunglebin District |
| Date of publication: | | 22 January 2010 |
| Description/subject: | | "On January 17th 2010 the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) Army set up a camp at Kheh Der village tract, Kyauk Kyi Township, Nyaunglebin District. At least 1,000 residents of the ten villages that made up Khe Der tract have fled to avoid attack.[1] KHRG has also confirmed that these SPDC troops have killed two villagers, including a village head, from Kheh Der..."
"At least 1,000 villagers have fled from ten villages during the last five days following the establishment of a new SPDC Army camp in central Nyaunglebin District. Two villagers in the area of the camp are confirmed to have been killed by soldiers from this camp. Three other villagers are missing after another SPDC battalion attacked a party of villagers that had escaped from an SPDC relocation site to tend to their farms..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group (KHRG #2010 B-1) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (492 KB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.khrg.org/khrg2010/khrg10b1.html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 24 March 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Life in Burma’s Relocation Sites |
| Date of publication: | | January 2010 |
| Description/subject: | | Abstract:
:Widespread human rights violations have been occurring in ethnic areas of Burma since the late nineteen
sixties. This report, based on a 2008/9 field survey, focuses on the government’s use of mass displacement
and relocation designed to destabilize the ethnic populations of Karen State.
The government first initiated a policy of ethnic relocation in Karen State in 1975 as part of what became
known as the four cuts campaign, a policy intended to deprive the ethnic resistance movement of food,
money, intelligence and recruits. While noting the existence of such earlier camps, this report specifically
examines the lives of people living in sites after a further concerted effort to control the civilian population
was initiated in 2006.
This report identifies three types of site created by the military regime. The first, roughly translated from
Burmese as ‘model’ villages, are some of the most recent examples and have been created under the guise of
development; the second type, initiated in 1979, are primarily security driven and have resulted in highland
villages being relocated to the plains; the third, which are also security initiated and mainly located in
Taungoo, consists of villages cleared from areas of military infrastructure. Villagers in this latter type, unlike
the previous two, have been given no provision for relocation; rather, the population was told to vacate the
area with little regard as to where they would go.
Relocated villagers, despite the fact that purported contact with resistance forces has all but been eradicated,
continue to face severe abuses by Burmese authorities. Forced labour on infrastructure projects and
military controlled business is widespread. Villagers are ordered to act as sentries, messengers, porters and
minesweepers by the Burma Army. Corruption and illegal taxation is prevalent in all the sites assessed.
In addition, the opportunity for making a living has been drastically reduced. Malnutrition, especially in
infants, has increased and is exacerbated by army restrictions that prevent villagers from access to food,
medicine and education.
This report identifies serious issues of concern that continue to affect the ethnic populations of Burma. It
highlights the government’s disregard for the rights of its people and its blatant use of the local population as
little more than a captive workforce to be used as the military dictates." |
| Author/creator: | | Paul Keenan |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Ethnic Nationalities Council |
| Format/size: | | pdf (3.6MB) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 August 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Living conditions for displaced villagers and ongoing abuses in Tenasserim Division |
| Date of publication: | | 29 October 2009 |
| Description/subject: | | "Villagers in SPDC-controlled parts of Tenasserim Division, including 60 villages forced to move to government relocation sites in 1996, continue to face abuses including movement restrictions, forced labour and arbitrary demands for 'taxation' and other payments. In response, thousands of villagers continue to evade SPDC control in upland jungle areas. These villagers report that they are pursued by Burma Army patrols, which shoot them on sight, plant landmines and destroy paddy fields and food stores. This report primarily draws on information from September 2009. Because KHRG has not released a field report on the region since 2001, this report also includes quotes and photographs from research dating back to 2007..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Field Reports (KHRG #2009-F19) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (359 KB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.khrg.org/khrg2009/khrg09f19.html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 11 November 2009 |
|
| Title: | | Insecurity amidst the DKBA - KNLA conflict in Dooplaya and Pa'an districts |
| Date of publication: | | 06 February 2009 |
| Description/subject: | | "The DKBA has intensified operations across much of eastern Pa'an and north-eastern Dooplaya districts since it renewed its forced recruitment drive in Pa'an District in August 2008. These operations have included forced relocations of civilians, a new round of forced conscription and attacks on villages. The DKBA has also pushed forward in its attacks on KNLA positions in both districts in an apparent effort to eradicate the remaining KNLA presence and wrest control of lucrative natural resources and taxation points in the lead up to the 2010 elections. Skirmishes between DKBA, SPDC and KNLA forces have thus continued throughout this period. Local villagers have faced heightened insecurity in connection with the ongoing conflict. DKBA, SPDC and KNLA forces all continue to deploy landmines in the area and DKBA forces have fined or otherwise punished local villagers for attacks by KNLA soldiers. This report documents incidents of abuse in Dooplaya and Pa'an districts from August 2008 to February 2009..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Field Reports (KHRG #2009-F3) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (978 KB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.khrg.org/khrg2009/khrg09f3.html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 31 October 2009 |
|
| Title: | | Attacks, killings and the food crisis in Papun District |
| Date of publication: | | 04 February 2009 |
| Description/subject: | | "SPDC abuses against civilians continue in northern Karen State, especially in the Lu Thaw and Dweh Loh townships of Papun District. Abuses have been particularly harsh in Lu Thaw, most of which has been designated a "black area" by the SPDC and so subject to constant attacks by Burma Army forces. Villagers who decide to remain in their home areas are often forced to live in hiding and not only face constant threats of violence by the SPDC, but also a worsening food crisis due to the SPDC's disruption of planting cycles. This report covers events in Papun District from August 2008 to January 2009..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Field Reports (KHRG #2009-F2) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (578 KB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.khrg.org/khrg2009/khrg09f2.html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 31 October 2009 |
|
| Title: | | Cycles of Displacement: Forced relocation and civilian responses in Nyaunglebin District |
| Date of publication: | | 12 January 2009 |
| Description/subject: | | "Over the past three years, the Burma Army has conducted an extensive forced relocation campaign in Nyaunglebin District. As part of the wider offensive in northern Karen State, the forced relocations in Nyaunglebin District have aimed to bring the region's entire civilian population into more easily controllable settlements in the plains, along vehicle roads and alongside army camps and bases. Local villagers, however, have resisted these efforts in numerous ways. Villagers' resistance strategies include: fleeing into hiding to evade forced relocation; negotiating with local SPDC commanders to avoid relocation or garner increased freedom of movement at relocation sites; and covertly leaving relocation sites to temporarily or permanently return to their former homes and lands. The Burma Army's attacks against civilian communities in hiding, combined with forced relocation efforts and civilian evasion in Nyaunglebin District, have created ongoing cycles of displacement..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Regional & Thematic Reports (KHRG #2009-01) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (6.1 MB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.khrg.org/khrg2009/khrg0901.html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 11 November 2009 |
|
| Title: | | Military expansion and exploitation in Nyaunglebin District |
| Date of publication: | | 05 August 2008 |
| Description/subject: | | "With the SPDC Army's continued expansion in Nyaunglebin District, local villagers not under military control have had to once again flee into the surrounding forest while troops have forcibly interned other villagers in military-controlled relocation sites. These relocation sites, typically in the plains of western Nyaunglebin, alongside army camps or SPDC-controlled vehicle roads, serve as containment centres from which army personnel appropriate labour, money, food and supplies to support the military's ongoing expansion in the region. Extortion by military officers operating in Nyaunglebin District has included forced 'donations' allegedly collected for distribution to survivors of Cyclone Nargis in the Irrawaddy Delta. This field report looks at the situation in Nyaunglebin up to the end of May 2008..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Field Reports (KHRG #2008-F10) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (697 KB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.khrg.org/khrg2008/khrg08f10.html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 01 November 2009 |
|
| Title: | | Burma Army attacks and civilian displacement in northern Papun District |
| Date of publication: | | 12 June 2008 |
| Description/subject: | | "Following the deployment of new Burma Army units in the area of Htee Moo Kee village, Lu Thaw township of northern Karen State, Papun District, during the first week of March 2008, at least 1,600 villagers from seven villages were forced to relocate to eight different hiding sites in order to avoid the encroaching army patrols. These displaced communities are now facing heightened food insecurity and an ongoing risk of military attack. This report is based on in-depth interviews with displaced villagers from Lu Thaw township regarding the recent Burma Army operations and the resultant effects on the local communities. It also includes information on the recent military attack on Dtay Muh Der village, Lu Thaw township, Papun District which Burma Army forces conducted during the first week of June 2008 and which led to the further displacement of over 1,000 villagers..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Field Reports (KHRG #2008-F6) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (537 KB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.khrg.org/khrg2008/khrg08f6.html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 01 November 2009 |
|
| Title: | | SPDC spies and the campaign to control Toungoo District |
| Date of publication: | | 31 March 2008 |
| Description/subject: | | "According to reports from KHRG field researchers working in the forested mountains of Toungoo District, local SPDC forces have recently begun utilising spies operating under the guise of escaped convict porters to locate civilian hiding sites. These individuals have reportedly utilised their cover to gain information on the location of displaced hiding sites, farm fields and food storage containers. This information has, in turn, allowed for the rapid deployment of SPDC patrols to target particular displaced communities in military attacks. Alongside this strategy, the SPDC has maintained heavy movement restrictions and imposed persistent forced labour in those areas already under its control. This report examines the human rights situation in Toungoo District up to March 2008..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Field Reports (KHRG #2008-F5) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (736 KB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.khrg.org/khrg2008/khrg08f5.html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 01 November 2009 |
|
| Title: | | Village-level decision making in responding to forced relocation: A case from Papun District |
| Date of publication: | | 07 March 2008 |
| Description/subject: | | "As part of its campaign of militarisation in Northern Karen State the SPDC has had as a principle strategy the forcible relocation of villagers from areas outside of its control to relocation sites close to Army camps or vehicle roads where civilian control can be firmly established. Over the years, villagers in Papun District and across Karen State have come to learn well that SPDC control means regular abuse and exploitation and, therefore, have sought to avoid such control wherever possible. This report presents one recent example from January to February 2008 of the courageous and varied response strategies villagers use to resist forced relocation and abuse and evade control by SPDC soldiers. Interestingly, this case also hints at some internal dissent and corruption within the SPDC ranks..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Field Report (KHRG #2008-F3) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (650 KB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.khrg.org/khrg2008/khrg08f3.html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 07 November 2009 |
|
| Title: | | Increased roads, army camps and attacks on rural communities in Papun District |
| Date of publication: | | 16 November 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | "Having initially begun construction a decade ago, the SPDC has this year completed the Papun section of a roadway which extends northwards from the east-west Kyauk Kyi to Saw Hta vehicle road towards the SPDC army camp at Buh Hsa Kee in southern Toungoo District. While still incomplete on the Toungoo side of the border the Papun section effectively cuts the northern half of Lu Thaw township into two east-west sections and forms a dangerous and difficult to cross barrier for those civilians fleeing from ongoing military attacks against their communities. Nevertheless villagers in Lu Thaw and other areas of Papun continue to evade SPDC forces and the district currently has the highest number of internally displaced people in hiding out of any area of eastern Burma. Notwithstanding the creative and courageous strategies which these villagers have adopted in order to avoid the army columns which continue to hunt them down, they remain in a precarious situation; one which has only heightened in its severity with the completion of the Papun section of the north-south vehicle road and the upgrading of other roadways further south..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Field Report (KHRG #2007-F10) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (517 MB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.khrg.org/khrg2007/khrg07f10.html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 07 November 2009 |
|
| Title: | | SPDC Army atrocities in Ler Muh Bplaw village tract in the words of a local resident |
| Date of publication: | | 24 October 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | "While the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) continues its diplomatic manoeuvring claiming a 'return to normalcy' and courting favour with United Nations special envoy to Burma, Ibrahim Gambari, attacks on villages and military atrocities in northern Karen State have continued unabated. Nevertheless, local villagers continue to resist such abuse and speak out, where possible, against its daily perpetration. The report below comprises a translated account of the situation in Ler Muh Bplaw village tract, Lu Thaw township, Papun District written not by a KHRG researcher or any other of the organisation's staff, but rather by a local village head from Ler Muh Bplaw village tract who testifies in his own words to the atrocities that continue to undermine rural lives and livelihoods. The report discusses SPDC operations including attacks on villages and the killing of civilians as well as the state of health and education for the communities of Ler Muh Bplaw village tract. The text of the report is supported with photographs taken by KHRG field researchers..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Field Report (KHRG #2007-F9) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (517 MB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.khrg.org/khrg2007/khrg07f9.html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 07 November 2009 |
|
| Title: | | Burma Army |
| Date of publication: | | 15 July 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | Die Armee der SPDC Militärdiktatur ist mittlerweile auf eine Truppenstärke von 500.000 Soldaten angewachsen und jetzt selbst nur noch durch ein System der Angst zu kontrollieren. Fast jeder hat einen Vorgesetzten und die Exekution ist nur einen Schuß entfernt. Der militärische Geheimdienst ist überall und selbst die höheren Ränge werden oft Reinigungen’ nach sowietischem Vorbild unterzogen. Karen; Flüchtlinge; Burma Army; Refugees |
| Language: | | German, Deutsch |
| Source/publisher: | | Burma Riders |
| Date of entry/update: | | 21 August 2007 |
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| Title: | | Forced Labour, Extortion, and Festivities: The SPDC and DKBA burden on villagers in Pa'an District |
| Date of publication: | | 22 December 2006 |
| Description/subject: | | "In Pa'an District of central Karen State, Burmese authorities impose strict controls on the movements and activities of all villagers while also taking their land, money and livestock, using them as forced labour, and forcing them to join state paramilitary organisations. Muslims are being forcibly evicted from their villages into relocation camps to make way for new SPDC army camps. Simultaneously the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA) acts on behalf of the SPDC in many areas, extending the regime's control in return for impunity to exploit and extort from the civilian population. The double burden of forced labour, extortion, restrictions and forced conscription imposed by two sets of authorities takes a heavy toll on the villagers, yet in a cruel irony they are also being forced to give money and unpaid child labour to prepare New Year festivities where the DKBA plays host to foreigners and Rangoon movie stars..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Field Report (KHRG #2006-F12) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (972 KB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.khrg.org/khrg2006/khrg06f12.html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 08 November 2009 |
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| Title: | | Toungoo District: The civilian response to human rights violations |
| Date of publication: | | 15 August 2006 |
| Description/subject: | | "Attacks on villages in Toungoo and other northern Karen districts by the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) since late 2005 have led to extensive displacement and some international attention, but little of this has focused on the continuing lives of the villagers involved. In this report KHRG's Karen researchers in the field describe how these attacks have been affecting local people, and how these people have responded. The SPDC's forced relocation, village destruction, shoot-on-sight orders and blockades on the movement of food and medicines have killed many and created pervasive suffering, but the villagers' continued refusal to submit to SPDC authority has caused the military to fail in its objective of bringing the entire civilian population under direct control. This is a struggle which SPDC forces cannot win, but they may never stop trying..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Field Report (KHRG #2006-F8) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (588 KB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.khrg.org/khrg2006/khrg06f8.html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 09 November 2009 |
|
| Title: | | Forced Relocation, Restrictions and Abuses in Nyaunglebin District |
| Date of publication: | | 10 July 2006 |
| Description/subject: | | "This report presents information on ongoing abuses in Nyaunglebin (Kler Lweh Htoo) District, Karen State committed by SPDC forces during the period of March to May 2006. Attacks on hill villagers have continued as SPDC units seek to depopulate the hills and force all villagers to relocate to military-controlled villages in the plains and along roadways. However, those villagers living in SPDC-controlled areas are subject as well to continued abuses including arbitrary arrest and detention, extortion, restricted movement and forced labour..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Field Report (KHRG #2006-F6) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (645 KB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.khrg.org/khrg2006/khrg06f6.html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 09 November 2009 |
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| Title: | | Civilians as Targets |
| Date of publication: | | 30 April 2006 |
| Description/subject: | | "This Commentary takes a closer look at the SPDC's ongoing offensive against civilian villages in northern Karen State which has already displaced over 16,000 villagers and shows no sign of abating. Going beyond the images of burned villages and people hiding in the forest, it discusses the offensive's motivating factors, its tactics, why the SPDC is specifically targeting the villagers and how the villagers see their position..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Right Group Commentaries (KHRG #2006-C1) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (267KB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.khrg.org/khrg2006/khrg06c1.html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 16 November 2009 |
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| Title: | | Nyaunglebin District: Food supplies destroyed, villagers forcibly displaced, and region-wide forced labour as SPDC forces seek control over civilians |
| Date of publication: | | 04 May 2005 |
| Description/subject: | | "Between October 2004 and January 2005 SPDC troops launched forays into the hills of Nyaunglebin District in an attempt to flush villagers down into the plains and a life under SPDC control. Viciously timed to coincide with the rice harvest, the campaign focused on burning crops and landmining the fields to starve out the villagers. Most people fled into the forest, where they now face food shortages and uncertainty about this year's planting and the security of their villages. Meanwhile in the plains, the SPDC is using people in relocation sites and villages they control as forced labour to strengthen the network of roads and Army camps - the main tools of military control over the civilian population - while Army officers plunder people's belongings for personal gain. In both hills and plains, increased militarisation is bringing on food shortages and poverty..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group KHRG #2005-F4) |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 23 May 2005 |
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| Title: | | Operation Than L'Yet: Forced Displacement, Massacres and Forced Labour in Dooplaya District |
| Date of publication: | | 25 September 2002 |
| Description/subject: | | "In January 2002 it appeared that the SPDC considered most of Dooplaya district of southern Karen State to be pacified and under their control. But then Light Infantry Division 88 was sent in and commenced Operation Than L'Yet, forcibly relocating as many as 60 villages by July. Villagers were rounded up and detained without food for days, or force-marched to Army-controlled relocation sites after their houses were burned. Village heads, women and children were tortured. People who tried to flee into the forests were shot on sight, including one brutal massacre of ten people, six of them children under 15. Over a thousand people fled into Thailand, and several thousand more are still trying. Another five thousand are in Army relocation camps, where they have been provided with nothing and are struggling to survive on rice gruel and whatever roots they can forage. Their movements are tightly controlled and they are being used as forced labour to build roads, bridges and Army camps which will help Division 88 to clamp down further on the district. They are also forced to work as porters for the Army columns which go out to loot and destroy even more villages. KHRG researchers expect a renewed onslaught after the rains end in October, when Division 88 will probably set out to hunt down those still in hiding and may extend the forced relocations to more areas." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Information Update #2002-U5 |
| Format/size: | | html (34K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Flight, Hunger and Survival: Repression and Displacement in the Villages of Papun and Nyaunglebin Districts |
| Date of publication: | | 22 October 2001 |
| Description/subject: | | "This report documents in detail the plight of villagers and the internally displaced in these two
northern Karen regions. Since 1997 the SPDC has destroyed or relocated over 200 villages here,
forcing tens of thousands of villagers to flee into hiding in the hills where they are now being
hunted down and shot on sight by close to 50 SPDC Army battalions. The troops are now
systematically destroying crops, food supplies and farmfields to flush the villagers out of the hills,
making the situation increasingly desperate. Meanwhile, those living in the SPDC-controlled villages
and relocation sites are fleeing to the hills to join the displaced because they can no longer bear the
heavy burden of forced labour, extortion, restrictions on their movement and random torture and
executions. KHRG's most intensive research effort to date, this report draws on over 300
interviews with people in the villages and forests, thousands of photographs and hundreds of
documents assembled by KHRG researchers in the past 2 years." ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: forced resettlement, forced relocation, forced movement, forced displacement, forced migration, forced to move, displaced |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group (KHRG #2001-03) |
| Format/size: | | PDF version 9770K (yes, almost 10 MB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.khrg.org/khrg2001/khrg0103.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | On the Trail of Burma's Internal Refugees |
| Date of publication: | | June 2001 |
| Description/subject: | | An American dentist travels deep into the world of Burma's Internally Displaced Persons, and discovers a people driven by fear into an uncertain future. Armed with a Colt .45, American dentist Shannon Allison is on a dangerous mission of mercy: to bring emergency medical assistance to Internally Displaced Persons inside Burma. Veteran photojournalist Thierry Falise reports from Burma's war-torn jungles on efforts to assist these victims of endemic conflict. |
| Author/creator: | | Thierry Falise |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy", Vol 9. No. 5 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Papun and Nyaunglebin Districts: Internally displaced villagers cornered by 40 SPDC Battalions; Food shortages, disease, killings and life on the run. |
| Date of publication: | | 09 April 2001 |
| Description/subject: | | Food shortages, disease, killings and life on the run.Based on new interviews and reports from KHRG field researchers, this update summarises the increasingly desperate situation for villagers in these two districts. In the hills, the people of several hundred villages are still in hiding, their villages destroyed by SPDC troops. Their survival situation is now desperate as 40 SPDC Battalions continue to systematically destroy their rice supplies and crops and landmine their fields, and shoot them on sight. In the villages under SPDC control, people suffer under an impossible burden of many kinds of forced labour and extortion. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | KHRG (Information Update #2001-U3) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | KHRG Commentary #2000-C2 |
| Date of publication: | | 17 October 2000 |
| Description/subject: | | The worsening situation of the internally displaced in all northern Karen districts, forced labour and convict porters, rice quotas, the desperate situation of rank-and-file SPDC soldiers, forced repatriation of refugees in Thailand, and the SPDC's persistence in denying that there is any problem whatsoever. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | KHRG |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Peace Villages and Hiding Villages: Roads, Relocations, and the Campaign for Control in Toungoo District |
| Date of publication: | | 15 October 2000 |
| Description/subject: | | Roads, Relocations, and the Campaign for Control in Toungoo District. Based on interviews and field reports from KHRG field researchers in this northern Karen district, looks at the phenomenon of 'Peace Villages' under SPDC control and 'Hiding Villages' in the hills; while the 'Hiding Villages' are being systematically destroyed and their villagers hunted and captured, the 'Peace Villages' face so many demands for forced labour and extortion that many ofthem are fleeing to the hills. Looks at forced labour road construction and its relation to increasing SPDC militarisation of the area, and also at the new tourism development project at Than Daung Gyi which involves large-scale land confiscation and forced labour. Keywords: Karen; KNU; KNLA; SPDC deserters; Sa Thon Lon activities; human minesweepers; human shields; reprisals against villagers; abuse of village heads; SPDC army units; military situation; forced relocation; strategic hamletting; relocation sites; internal displacement; IDPs; cross-border assistance; forced labour; torture; killings; extortion, economic oppression; looting; pillaging; burning of villages; destruction of crops and food stocks; forced labour on road projects; road building; restrictions on movment; lack of education and health services; tourism project; confiscation of land and forced labour for tourism project;landmines; malnutrition; starvation; SPDC Orders.
... ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: forced resettlement, forced relocation, forced movement, forced displacement, forced migration, forced to move, displaced |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Regional & Thematic Reports (KHRG #2000-05) |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | SPDC & DKBA Orders to Villages: Set 2000-B |
| Date of publication: | | 12 October 2000 |
| Description/subject: | | Pa'an, Dooplaya, Toungoo, Papun, & Thaton Districts. Over 250 orders dating from mid-1999 through late September 2000, the vast majority of them from the latter half of that period. Includes restrictions on the movement of villagers, forced relocation, demands for forced labour, extortion of money, food, and materials, threats to villagers and other demands, as well as documents related to rice quotas which farmers are forced to give, education and health. Also contains one order #174 which directly shows the role of a Dutch timber importing company in causing the SPDC to threaten all non-government controlled timber traders. ... ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: forced resettlement, forced relocation, forced movement, forced displacement, forced migration, forced to move, displaced |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Orders Reports (KHRG #2000-04) |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Interview Annex to "Starving Them Out" |
| Date of publication: | | 31 March 2000 |
| Description/subject: | | Forced Relocations, Killings and the Systematic Starvation of Villagers in Dooplaya District |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | KHRG (#2000-02A) |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Starving Them Out: Forced Relocations, Killings and the Systematic Starvation of Villagers in Dooplaya District |
| Date of publication: | | 31 March 2000 |
| Description/subject: | | "This report consists of an Introduction and Executive Summary, followed by a detailed analysis of the situation supported by quotes from interviews and excerpts from SPDC order documents sent to villages in the region. As mentioned above, an Annex to this report containing the full text of the remaining interviews can be seen by following the link from the table of contents or from KHRG upon approved request..."
Forced Relocations, Killings and the Systematic Starvation of Villagers in Dooplaya District |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Regional & Thematic Reports (KHRG #2000-02) |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Central Karen State: villagers fleeing forced relocations and other abuses forced back by Thai troops |
| Date of publication: | | 29 September 1999 |
| Description/subject: | | Over the past four months, villagers from southeastern Pa'an District in Karen State have been steadily arriving at areas along the Thai border 35-60 km north of the Thai town of Mae Sot. They have risked treacherous travelling conditions during the rainy season to make the journey, camping in makeshift shelters along the way with little food or clothing. Testimonies collected from recent refugees indicate that the SPDC is intensifying its operation from August-December 1999 to clear all villages in the southeastern corner of Pa'an District in order to undermine Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA) activities in the region. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | KHRG Information Update |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Central Karen State: New Refugees Fleeing Forced Relocation, Rape and Use as Human Minesweepers |
| Date of publication: | | 27 August 1999 |
| Description/subject: | | Since mid-August, new flows of refugees have begun arriving at the Thai border from Karen villages in southeastern Pa'an District, central Karen State. Over 100 families, totalling well over 500 people, have arrived thus far and they say that many more will follow. Those who have arrived so far come from the villages of Pah Klu, Taw Oak, Tee Hsah Ra, Kyaw Ko, Tee Wah Thay, Tee Khoh Taw, Tee Wah Klay, B'Naw Kleh Kee and Ker Ghaw, most of which are within 2-3 days' walk of the border. . . According to Karen National Union (KNU, the main Karen opposition group) sources, troops from as many as 5 different SPDC Light Infantry Divisions have been sent into the area for an operation to run from August to December 1999, intending to subjugate the area with a special focus on clearing landmines by using villagers as human minesweepers. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: forced resettlement, forced relocation, forced movement, forced displacement, forced migration, forced to move, displaced |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | KHRG Information Update |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Death Squads and Displacement - Systematic Executions, Village Destruction and the Flight of Villagers in Nyaunglebin District |
| Date of publication: | | 24 May 1999 |
| Description/subject: | | "This report is a detailed analysis of the current human rights situation in Nyaunglebin District (known in Karen as Kler Lweh Htoo), which straddles the border of northern Karen State and Pegu Division in Burma. Most of the villagers here are Karen, though there are also many Burmans living in the villages near the Sittaung River. Since late 1998 many Karens and Burmans have been fleeing their villages in the area because of human rights abuses by the State Peace & Development Council (SPDC) military junta which currently rules Burma, and this flight is still ongoing. Those from the hills which cover most of the District are fleeing because SPDC troops have been systematically destroying their villages, crops and food supplies and shooting villagers on sight, all in an effort to undermine the Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA) by driving the civilian population out of the region. At the same time, people in the plains near the Sittaung River are fleeing because of the ever-increasing burden of forced labour, cash extortion, and heavy crop quotas which are being levied against them even though their crops have failed for the past two years running. Many are also fleeing a frightening new phenomenon in the District: the Sa Thon Lon Guerrilla Retaliation units, which appeared in September 1998 and since then have been systematically executing everyone suspected of even the remotest contact with the opposition forces, even if that contact occurred years or decades ago. Their methods are brutal, their tactics are designed to induce fear, and they have executed anywhere from 50 to over 100 civilians in the District since September 1998..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Regional & Thematic Reports(KHRG #99-04) |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Nyaunglebin District: Internally Displaced People and SPDC Death Squads |
| Date of publication: | | 15 February 1999 |
| Description/subject: | | Nyaunglebin (known in Karen as Kler Lwe Htoo) District is a northern Karen region straddling the border of northern Karen State and Pegu Division. It contains the northern reaches of the Bilin (Bu Loh Kloh) River northwest of Papun, and stretches westward as far as the Sittaung (Sittang) River in the area 60 to 150 kilometres north of Pegu (named Bago by the SPDC). The District has 3 townships: Ler Doh (Kyauk Kyi in Burmese), Hsaw Tee (Shwegyin), and Mone. The eastern two-thirds of the district is covered by forested hills dotted with small Karen villages, and the Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA) operates extensively in this region. The western part of the district is in the plains of the Sittaung river basin; here there are larger villages of mixed Karen and Burman population, and this area is under strong SPDC control. For several years now SLORC/SPDC forces have tried to destroy Karen resistance in the eastern hills, largely by forcing villagers to move and wiping out their ability to produce food. Many villages in the parts of these eastern hills bordering PapunDistrict have been destroyed since 1997 as part of the SPDC campaign to wipe out Karen villages in northern Papun and eastern Nyaunglebin Districts (see "Wholesale Destruction", KHRG, April 1998). According to reports by KHRG monitors in the region and interviews with internally displaced villagers and new refugees, the situation continues to worsen for villagers in eastern and western Nyaunglebin, particularly with the recent creation of SPDC 'Dam Byan Byaut Kya' death squads. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | KHRG Information Update |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Displacement of Villagers in Southern Pa'an District ( Information Update) |
| Date of publication: | | 19 September 1998 |
| Description/subject: | | "The region commonly known as Pa’an District forms a large triangular area in central Karen State, bounded in the west and north by the Salween River and the town of Pa’an (capital of Karen State), in the east by the Moei River where it forms the border with Thailand, and in the south by the motor road from Myawaddy (at the Thai border) westward to Kawkareik and Kyone Doh. Pa’an District is also known as the Karen National Liberation Army’s (KNLA’s) 7th Brigade area. The western parts of Pa’an District and the principal towns have been controlled by the SLORC/SPDC military junta for 10 years or longer, while the eastern strip adjacent to the Thai border has come largely under their control over the past 3 years. The easternmost strip of Pa’an District near the Moei River is separated from the rest of the district by the main ridge of the steep Dawna Mountains ..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group (KHRG) |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Forgotten Victims of a Hidden War: Internally Displaced Karen in Burma |
| Date of publication: | | April 1998 |
| Description/subject: | | 1. The Karen and Kawthoolei: The Karen; Kawthoolei; The Kawthoolei districts ||
2. Displacement and counter-insurgency in Burma:
Population displacement in Burma;
Protracted ethnic conflict in Burma;
Counter-insurgency: the four-cuts ||
3. The war in Kawthoolei:
Seasonal offensives: the moving front line and refugee flows, 1974-92;
Cease-fires (1992-94) and the renewal of offensives (1995-97) ||
4. Internal displacement in Kawthoolei:
Counter-insurgency and displacement in Kawthoolei;
Displacement in Kawthoolei;
The situation of IDPs in Kawthoolei districts;
Extent of population displacement in Kawthoolei;
Patterns of displacement;
Factors preventing the IDPs returning home;
Factors preventing the IDPs becoming refugees in Thailand;
Vulnerability of IDPs;
Note on forced relocations sites ||
5.Assistance:
International responses to IDPs;
International responses to IDPs in Burma;
Responses inside Burma;
The response from the border area to Karen IDPs ||
6.Protection:
Refugees on the Thai-Burma border: international assistance with limited protection;
The case of the repatriation of the Mon;
The Karen: the problem of security;
Assistance and protection: refugees and IDPs;
The need for leverage;
Transition from armed conflict ||
Appendix III: Interview at Mae La
(This version lacks the maps and tables) |
| Author/creator: | | Brother Amoz, Steven Lanjouw, Saw Pay Leek, Dr. Em Marta, Graham Mortimer, Alan Smith, Saw David Taw, Pah Hsaw Thut, Saw Aung Win, Saw Kwe Htoo Win |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Burma Ethnic Research Group (BERG) and Friedrich Naumann Foundation |
| Format/size: | | PDF (570K, 505K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/(httpDocuments)/0787CA1BCAB95999802570B700599932/$file/Berg+Karen+IDP+report.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Terror in the South |
| Date of publication: | | 04 December 1997 |
| Description/subject: | | Press release for "Militarisation, Economics and Human Rights in Southern Burma' "shows how major economic ventures in southern Burma have led to an increase in human rights abuses against the local people as a result of a corresponding military build up in the region." The 52-page report ... is based on information collected by the ABSDF and the testimonies of local people from Tenasserim Division who have fled the region into Thailand. Militarization in the Tenasserim Division related to the construction of the Yadana and Yetagun pipelines, eco-tourism ventures, forced labour, forced relocation of villages (list of villages ordererd to relocate), killings, rape and sexual harassment.ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: forced resettlement, forced
relocation, forced movement, forced displacement, forced migration, forced to move, displaced |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | ABSDF |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Tenasserim Division: Forced Relocation and Forced Labour (Information Update) |
| Date of publication: | | 09 February 1997 |
| Description/subject: | | "SLORC's campaign of forced relocations and forced-labour road building in the Palauk-Palaw, Mergui and Tenasserim regions, which began in September 1996, is now being accelerated ... Almost every village between the Tavoy-Mergui-Kawthaung car road in the west and the Tenasserim River in the east, from Palauk in the north to Tenasserim town in the south has been ordered to move one or more times between September 1996 and January 1997..."
ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: forced resettlement, forced relocation, forced movement, forced displacement, forced migration, forced to move, displaced |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group (KHRG) |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Human Rights Group Commentary #96-C3 |
| Date of publication: | | 18 July 1996 |
| Description/subject: | | "...The State Law & Order Restoration Council (SLORC) junta ruling Burma is now using mass forced relocations of entire geographic regions as a major element of military strategy. While this is not new to SLORC tactics, they have seldom or never done it to such an extent or so systematically before. The large-scale relocations began in Papun District of Karen State in December 1995 and January 1996, when up to 100 Karen villages were ordered to move within a week or be shot [see "Forced Relocation in Papun District", KHRG #96-11, 4/3/96]. These were all the villages in the region between Papun and the Salween River, an area about 50-60 km. north-south and 30 km. east-west. Most of them were ordered to move to sites beside military camps at Papun, Kaw Boke, Par Haik and Pa Hee Kyo, where SLORC was gathering people to do forced labour on the Papun-Bilin and Papun-Kyauk Nyat roads. However, the main reasons for the forced relocation were to cut off all possible support for Karen guerrilla columns in the area, most of which has only been SLORC-controlled since mid-1995, and to create a free-fire zone which would also block the flow of refugees from inside Karen State to the Thai border. Recently, though, SLORC troops in the area have limited their movements rather than combing the area, allowing some villagers to trickle back to their villages. This may be partly because of rainy season or because of the current SLORC-Karen National Union ceasefire talks, but it is probably largely because SLORC realised it could not control the result - people were fleeing into hiding in the jungle, some were fleeing to Thailand, but none were heading for the relocation camps.
This has not stopped SLORC from conducting new and larger relocation campaigns. Starting in March 1996 it began an unprecedented forced relocation campaign in central and southern Shan State, covering the entire region from the Salween River westward for 120 km. to Lai Kha and Mong Kung, and from Lang Ker and Mong Nai in the south (about 60 km. north of the Thai border) northward to the area west of the ruby mines at Mong Hsu - a total area of 120 km. east-west and 180 km. north-south. [See "Forced Relocation in Central Shan State", KHRG #96-23, 25/6/96.] In this area, between March and June almost every village away from towns and major roads has been forced to move. Estimates are that at least 400-500 villages are included, a total of 60,000-80,000 people. Information gathered by both the Shan Human Rights Foundation and KHRG already includes the names of 320 villages, as well as 22 other village tracts (averaging 5-15 villages per tract) for which lists of village names are not yet available, in Kun Hing, Mong Nai, Nam Sang, Lai Kha, Mong Kung, Lang Ker, Mong Nong, and Kay See townships..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Right Group (KHRG #96-C3) |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 22 November 2009 |
|
| Title: | | Forced Relocation in Papun District |
| Date of publication: | | 04 March 1996 |
| Description/subject: | | "SLORC has seriously stepped up its campaign to clear the entire rural population out of Papun District and make the entire area a free-fire zone. Since December 1995, orders have been issued to every rural village under SLORC control from Kyauk Nyat in the north to Ka Dtaing Dtee in the south, from the Salween River (the Thai border) in the east to at least 10 km. west of Papun - an area 50-60 km. north to south and 30 km. east to west. This area is rugged hills dotted with small villages, averaging 10-50 households (population 50-300) per village. Estimates are that 100 or more villages may be affected. Every village has been ordered to move either to SLORC Army camps surrounding Papun, such as Papun, Kaw Boke, Par Haik, or Ka Hee Kyo (all along the Papun - Kyauk Nyat road route) or to DKBA headquarters far to the south at Khaw Taw (Myaing Gyi Ngu) in Pa'an District. The orders have all been issued by SLORC. Generally a SLORC column enters the village with only a few DKBA soldiers accompanying them, and the SLORC officer issues the order. Villagers confirm that DKBA never operates in the area by themselves anymore - DKBA soldiers only appear in small groups as part of SLORC columns. SLORC units involved in the operation include Light Infantry Battalions (LIB) 340, 341, 434, and Infantry Battalion (IB) 5..."
KEYWORDS: forced resettlement, forced relocation, forced movement, forced displacement,
forced migration, forced to move, displaced |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Regional & Thematic Reports (KHRG #96-11) |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Papun District: Mass Forced Relocations |
| Date of publication: | | 18 February 1996 |
| Description/subject: | | SLORC has seriously stepped up its campaign to clear the entire rural population out of Papun District and make the entire area a free-fire zone. Since December 1995, orders have been issued to every rural village underSLORC control . . . |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group (KHRG) |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Human Rights Group Commentary #95-C4 |
| Date of publication: | | 04 August 1995 |
| Description/subject: | | "...SLORC continues to show no remorse whatsoever for its continually expanding program of civilian forced labour throughout Burma. Roads, railways, dams, army camps, tourist sites, an international airport, pagodas, schools - virtually everything which is built in rural Burma is now built and maintained with the forced labour of villagers, as well as their money and building materials. Forced labour as porters fuels the SLORC's military campaigns, while forced labour farming land confiscated by the military, digging fishponds, logging and sawing timber for local Battalions fills the pockets of SLORC military officers and SLORC money-laundering front companies such as Union of Myanmar Economic Holdings Ltd. Even farming one's own land is more and more becoming a form of forced labour, as SLORC continues to increase rice quotas which farmers must hand over for pitiful prices. Even after a year like 1994, when record floods destroyed crops in much of the country, the quotas must be paid - if not, the farmer is arrested and the Army takes his land, only to resell it or set up yet another forced labour farm. 1995 has seen very small harvests, increased confiscation and looting of rice and money from the farmers, 40 million people struggling to avoid starvation, and SLORC agreeing to sell a million tonnes of rice to Russia for profit - rice which it has confiscated from village farmers for 50 Kyat a basket, or for nothing..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Right Group (KHRG #95-C4) |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 22 November 2009 |
|
| Title: | | Forced Relocation in Kyauk Kyi Township |
| Date of publication: | | 10 June 1993 |
| Description/subject: | | "Nyaunglebin District. Feb 93. Karen men, women: Forced relocation to undrained land; Only Karen villages made to move; SLORC's control of rice to control the population; forced labour (incl. portering). Description of the difficult economic conditions. Extortion; ransoming; looting. Translation of an official SLORC Relocation Order; economic oppression..."
_ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: forced resettlement, forced relocation, forced movement, forced displacement, forced migration, forced to move, displaced_ |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Regional & Thematic Reports |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Statements by Internally Displaced People: Karen Civilians Displaced by SLORC Activities in Thaton District |
| Date of publication: | | 28 April 1993 |
| Description/subject: | | "Pa'An Township, Thaton District. Late 92-early 93. Karen M,F,C: Difficulty supporting children under SLORC oppression; Looting; pillaging (incl. killing of 30 cows);EO; rape; torture; ransoming; forced relocation; beating of children; forced labour, incl. portering; extortion; disappearances..."
ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: forced resettlement, forced relocation, forced movement, forced displacement, forced migration, forced to move, displaced |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Regional & Thematic Reports |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Forced Relocation in Thaton District (Preliminary Report) |
| Date of publication: | | 09 January 1993 |
| Description/subject: | | "Bilin and Pa'an Townships of Thaton Dist. Dec 92-Jan 93. Karen men, women and children: SLORC's official announcement of its "Key Village" or strategic hamleting strategy for its Border Areas Development Plan. Analysis by KHRG of the implications of the strategy, followed by interview and list of villages forced to relocate since 5 Dec 92. Forced relocation; Threat of shooting for non-compliance; detention; forced labour incl. forced portering; inhuman treatment(beating); extortion; looting; economic oppression; killing..."
ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: forced resettlement, forced relocation, forced movement, forced displacement,
forced migration, forced to move, displaced |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Regional & Thematic Reports |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | The SLORC'S New Forced Relocation Campaign: Translations of Some SLORC Orders Received So Far |
| Date of publication: | | 08 January 1993 |
| Description/subject: | | "Papun, Pa'an, Thaton Townships. Nov-Dec 92. Five orders requiring the relocation of villages comprising many thousands of people (5,000-7000 in Papun Township alone) establishing free-fire zones at the original sites, along with other threats of severe action in the case of non-compliance. One order informs the village head that if the villagers run away on meeting a military column they will be shot..."
ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: forced resettlement, forced relocation, forced movement, forced displacement, forced migration, forced to move, displaced |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Orders Reports (KHRG) |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | The Current Situation in Mudraw Papun District |
| Date of publication: | | 13 November 1992 |
| Description/subject: | | The current SLORC Offensive and Displaced People
"From July 92. Karen men, women, children: Air-raids on civilian villages (20 civilians killed); precarious economic life of people hiding in jungle; children die of malnutrition; Saw Hta offensive; list of villages and numbers of the people displaced; economic oppression..."
Area: Tee Moo Khee Area, Kaw Lu Der Area, Saw Hta |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Regional & Thematic Reports |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
-
Forced relocation of Karenni (Kayah)
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Conflict and Displacement in Karenni: the Need for Considered Responses |
| Date of publication: | | May 2000 |
| Description/subject: | | Click on the on the html link above to go to a neater, paginated table of contents or on the pdf links below to go straight to the document ....
PDF File 1: Cover and Contents.
PDF File 2: Boundaries; Climate; Physical Features; Population; Ethnic Groups in Karenni; Gender Roles in Karenni; Agriculture, Land Distribution and Patterns of Recourse; Resources; Water; Communication, Trade and Transport Conflict in Karenni; A History of Conflict; The Pre-Colonial Period; The Colonial Period; Independence in Burma and the Outbreak of Civil War in the Karenni States; State and Non-State Actors including Armed Groups and Political Parties; The Role of the Tatmadaw; The Karenni National Progressive Party (KNPP); The Karenni National Peoples Liberation Front (KNPLF); The Shan State Nationalities Liberation Organisation (SSNLO); The Kayan New Land Party (KNLP; The NDF and CPB Alliances and their Impact in Karenni; War in the Villages; The Formation of Splinter Groups in the 1990s; The Economics of War; The Relationship between Financing the War and Exploitation of Natural Resources; The Course of the War; Cease-fires.... PDF file 3: Conflict-Induced Displacements in Karenni -- Defining Population Movements; Conflict Induced Displacement; Displacement in 1996; Displacements by Township; Relocation Policy; Services in Relocation Sites; Smaller Relocation Sites and so-called Gathering Villages; Displacement into Shan State; Displacement as a Passing Phenomenon; Displacement, Resettlement and Transition; Women outside Relocation Sites. Development Induced Displacement -- Displacements in Loikaw City; Confiscation of Land by the Tatmadaw; Displacement as a Result of Resource Scarcity; Food Scarcity; Water Shortages; Voluntary Migrations. Health and education needs and responses: Health Policy; Health Services; Health Status of the Population; Communicable Diseases; Nutrition; Reproductive and Womens Health; Landmine Casualties; Iodine Deficiency and Goitre; Vitamin A Deficiency; Water and Sanitation; Responses to Health Needs; Education Policy; Educational Services and Coverage; Traditional Attitudes to Education; Educational Services in Karenni; Responses to Educational Needs; Responses from the Thai-Burma border; Responses by International Humanitarian Agencies from Inside Burma. Appendices: A Comparison of Populations in Relocation Sites in Karenni; Refugee Arrivals at the Thai Border; Displacements by Township; Examples of Population Movements. |
| Author/creator: | | Vicky Bamforth, Steven Lanjouw, Graham Mortimer |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Burma Ethnic Research Group (BERG) |
| Format/size: | | 3 pdf files: (1) Cover and Contents (472K); (2) Text-pp1-47 (782K); 3 Text pp48-128 (1300K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/Considered_responses-1.pdf
http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/Considered_responses-2.pdf
http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/Considered_responses-3.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Forced Relocation and Human Rights Abuses in Karenni State, Burma |
| Date of publication: | | May 1997 |
| Description/subject: | | This report documents human rights violations carried out by troops from the ruling State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) against Karenni people in Karenni (Kayah) State in eastern Burma. Information regarding human rights abuses in the area has come from interviews with Karenni refugees who have fled into Thailand, and with officials from the Karenni National Progressive Party (KNPP). ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS:
forced resettlement, forced relocation, forced movement, forced displacement, forced migration,
forced to move, displaced |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | ABSDF |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Update on Karenni Forced Relocations |
| Date of publication: | | 05 March 1997 |
| Description/subject: | | Between April and July 1996, SLORC ordered at least 182 villages in Karenni (Kayah) State, with an estimated total population of 25-30,000 people, to move to various relocation sites. The primary intention of SLORC was to cut off all possibility of civilian support for the Karenni National Progressive Party (KNPP); SLORC broke a ceasefire agreement to attack the KNPP in June 1995. The villages affected cover at least half the entire geographic area of Karenni. Some villages were marched at gunpoint to relocation sites without warning, but most were issued written orders to move within just 7 days or be 'considered as enemies', i.e. shot on sight without question. [For details see "Forced Relocation in Karenni", KHRG #96-24, 15/7/96.] ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: forced resettlement, forced
relocation, forced movement, forced displacement, forced migration, forced to move, displaced |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Regional & Thematic Reports (KHRG #97-01) |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Karenni (Kayah) State: Update on Relocations (Information Update) (#97-U2) |
| Date of publication: | | 12 February 1997 |
| Description/subject: | | Between April and July 1996, SLORC ordered at least 183 villages in Karenni State, with an estimated total population of 25-30,000 people, to move to various relocation sites. The primary intention of SLORC was to cut off all possibility of civilian support for the Karenni National Progressive Party (KNPP); SLORC had broken a ceasefire agreement to attack the KNPP in June 1995. The villages affected cover at least half the entire geographic area of Karenni. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Regional & Thematic (KHRG #97-01) |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Forced Relocation in Karenni |
| Date of publication: | | 15 July 1996 |
| Description/subject: | | "Throughout June and July 1996, the State Law & Order Restoration Council (SLORC) military junta ruling Burma has conducted a mass forced relocation campaign covering more than half of the geographic area of Karenni and affecting at least 183 villages so far with an estimated total population of 25-30,000. The first orders to move came as early as April in Baw La Keh (sometimes spelled Bawlake) area on the Pon River. However, the biggest wave of relocations began on 1 June, when an order was issued to all 98 villages between the Pon and Salween Rivers to move to relocation sites beside SLORC Army camps at Shadaw and Ywathit... "
ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: forced resettlement, forced relocation, forced movement, forced displacement, forced migration, forced to move, displaced |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Regional & Thematic Reports (KHRG #96-24) |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Mass Forced Relocations in Shan and Karenni (Kayah) States |
| Date of publication: | | 16 June 1996 |
| Description/subject: | | "SLORC is currently using mass forced relocation campaigns as a method to try to eliminate all civilian support for opposition forces. In December 1995 and January 1996, about 100 Karen villages comprising all the hill villages in eastern Papun District were ordered to move to military sites in order to cut off any civilian support for Karen forces by completely removing the rural civilian population of the whole area. Includes list of relocated villages..." ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: forced resettlement, forced relocation, forced movement, forced displacement, forced migration, forced to move, displaced |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group (KHRG _#96-U3) |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | SLORC Activities in Ler Ba Ko Village |
| Date of publication: | | 31 December 1992 |
| Description/subject: | | "Testimony by a refugee from central Karenni (Kayah) State and List of Villages Relocated in March 1992."
"(Northwest Karenni State) List of 76 villages relocated in March 1992. Deemawso and Pruso Townships March, July 92. Karenni men, women: Rape; forced labour incl. portering and work on the Loikaw-Aung Ban railway -- 91); extortion; forced relocation; religious intolerance (the villages were Christian)..."
ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: forced resettlement, forced relocation, forced movement, forced displacement, forced migration, forced to move, displaced |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Regional & Thematic Reports |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Supplementary Report on Karenni State |
| Date of publication: | | 15 November 1992 |
| Description/subject: | | "March 92 Karenni men, women, children: Forced relocation; killing; inhuman treatment (beating, deprivation of food and medicine -- especially hard on children); conditions in the relocation camp; forced labour (Aung Ban-Loikaw railway) incl. women and children; torture; extortion; economic difficulties caused by the SLORC occupation -- people scattered in the forest; economic oppression..."
ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: forced resettlement, forced relocation, forced movement, forced displacement, forced migration, forced to move, displaced, Kayah |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Regional & Thematic Reports |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Karenni State: Forced Relocation, Concentration Camps, and Slavery |
| Date of publication: | | 10 August 1992 |
| Description/subject: | | "March-July 92. Karenni men, women, children: Looting; rape; forced portering; killings; disappearances; forced relocation of more than 20,000 people in 76 villages (see Orders, 12 June 92). Description of conditions in a relocation camp (particularly bad for children); internal displacement; religious intolerance (destroying churches and pressure to convert to Buddhism); pillaging; inhuman treatment(deprivation of food and medicine); forced labour on Aung Ban-Loikaw railway; inhuman treatment during forced labour and arbitrary detention; torture.Including slavery under the United Nations Development Program..."
ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: forced resettlement, forced relocation, forced movement, forced displacement, forced migration, forced to move, displaced |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Regional & Thematic Reports |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Statements by Karenni Refugees |
| Date of publication: | | 12 June 1992 |
| Description/subject: | | "Statement by Karenni refugees fleeing a SLORC ultimatum to all villagers in a large part of the State where the Karenni opposition is strong to leave their villages or die. Their statements describe some of the SLORC army’s activities in civilian villages of western Karenni..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group Regional & Thematic Reports |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | The SLORC's "Leave Or Die" Ultimatum to Karenni Villagers |
| Date of publication: | | 12 June 1992 |
| Description/subject: | | "Direct translations of stamped and signed orders posted by the SLORC in villages throughout western Karenni State in late March of this year. The large areas affected are in the "brown" or "black" areas (those not firmly under SLORC control, where the KNPP opposition is active)..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group (KHRG) |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
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