"Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is when a microbe evolves to become more or fully resistant to antimicrobials which previously could treat it.[2][3] This broader term also covers antibiotic resistance, which applies to bacteria and antibiotics.[3] Resistance arises through one of three ways: natural resistance in certain types of bacteria; genetic mutation; or by one species acquiring resistance from another.[4] Resistance can appear spontaneously due to random mutations; or more commonly following gradual buildup over time, and because of misuse of antibiotics or antimicrobials.[5] Resistant microbes are increasingly difficult to treat, requiring alternative medications or higher doses—which may be more costly or more toxic. Microbes resistant to multiple antimicrobials are called multidrug resistant (MDR); or sometimes superbugs.[6] Antimicrobial resistance is on the rise with millions of deaths every year.[7] A few infections are now completely untreatable due to resistance. All classes of microbes develop resistance (fungi, antifungal resistance; viruses, antiviral resistance; protozoa, antiprotozoal resistance; bacteria, antibiotic resistance)..."