"Over the past decade, Myanmar has experienced a marked increase in migration, coinciding with a period of rapid economic growth.1 Internal and international migrants already represent 26 per cent of Myanmar’s total population.2 These migrants primarily work in low-skilled occupations and come from poor rural households. By migrating, they seek to improve long-term prospects for themselves and their families. Their migration is driven by interconnected structural and social factors, including rural poverty, lack of viable employment opportunities, earning differences between origin and destination, aspirations for modern work and/or a modern lifestyle, the desire to break away from chronic indebtedness, and environmental changes and conflict. While migration is a crucial part of development, its ability to reduce poverty at the household level is contingent upon the effective management of the multiple risks and hardships faced by migrant households. Over the long term, the benefits of migration can offset hardships and downward slides into poverty by increasing the earnings of migrants and opening up new opportunities to them and their families. However, there is a need for policymaking to 1 better align with and support the long-term aspirations of migrants and their families and acknowledge the contribution they make to Myanmar’s development. The “Capitalising Human Mobility for Poverty Alleviation and Inclusive Development for Myanmar” (CHIME) study aims to address the knowledge gap on labour migration and its relationship with poverty and development in four areas in Myanmar: Ayeyarwardy Region, Mandalay Region, Rakhine State and Shan State. CHIME employed a mixed-methods design, including a quantitative household survey covering a total of randomly sampled 3,116 households from 172 enumerated areas (EAs)3 and qualitative in-depth interviews of 192 individuals who were purposely sampled from lower-economic strata households, collected in two rounds in 2017. The quantitative samples were intended to be representative of rural households in each of the four identified states/regions, and the findings are regionally representative for Ayeyarwady and Mandalay regions. The study cannot claim to be representative of Rakhine and Shan States due to various limitations to accessing sampled villages..."