INTRODUCTION: 1. ELECTION ASSESSMENT: A. International Standards on Elections and Human Rights; B. Use of International Standards in Assessing Elections; C. Use of National Standards in Assessing Elections; D. Comparison with Previous Elections .... 2. DEVELOPING AN OBSERVATION PROGRAMME: A. Needs Assessment; B. Planning and Institutional Issues; C. Programme Structure and Functions; D. National Operations; E. Regional and Local Operations; F. Impartiality; G. Accreditation.... 3. ANALYSIS OF LEGISLATION: A. Importance of Legal Analysis; B. Framework for Analysis of Legislation; C. Developing an Election-Disputes Table.... 4. MONITORING ELECTION DISPUTES: A. Monitoring the Resolution of Disputes; B. Analysing Election Disputes.... 5. ASSESSMENT OF VOTER REGISTRATION AND ELECTION-DISTRICT BOUNDARIES: A. Importance of Voter Registration; B. Evaluating the Quality and Accuracy of Voter Lists/Registration; C. Comparative Analysis of Voter Lists and Population Data; D. Voter List Surveys; E. Computer Tests; F. Monitoring Public-Information Campaigns; G. Monitoring Voter Registration Centres; H. Monitoring Voter Registration Tribunals; I. Monitoring the Drawing of Election-District Boundaries... 6. MONITORING THE ELECTION ADMINISTRATION:; A. Structure of the Election Administration; B. Key Issues To Be Assessed.... 7. MONITORING CANDIDATE & POLITICAL PARTY REGISTRATION: A. Registration of Political Parties; B. Registration of Political Contestants; C. Registration of Women and National Minorities.... 8. MONITORING THE ELECTION CAMPAIGN: A. Meetings with Political Parties and Candidates; B. Meetings with the Media; C. Meetings with Public Officials; D. Monitoring Campaign Events; E. Monitoring the Conduct of Security Forces; F. Monitoring Campaign Expenditure and the Sources and Size of Donations; G. Monitoring the Misuse of State Resources; H. Conflict Prevention and Monitoring Election Violence; I. Monitoring Other Issues.... 9. MEDIA MONITORING: A. Importance of Media Monitoring; B. Purpose of Media Monitoring; C. Assessment of the Legal Framework Governing the Media; D. Monitoring Broadcast and Print Media; E. Monitoring Paid Political Advertising and Voter Education; F. Monitoring Intimidation of the Media and Journalists.... 10. OBSERVATION OF VOTING AND COUNTING: A. Observation of Voting and Counting; B. Parallel Vote Tabulation.... 11. MONITORING TABULATION, TRANSMISSION, AND DECLARATION OF RESULTS: A. Importance of Monitoring the Tabulation of Results; B. Monitoring the Transmission of Results by Computer; C. Monitoring Post-Election-Day Developments.... 12. REPORTING AND RECOMMENDATIONS: A. Importance of Reporting; B. Reporting by Regional Monitors; C. Incident Reports; D. Statements; E. Final Report; F. Report Distribution; ABOUT THE OSCE/ODIHR