"The fisheries and aquaculture sector in Myanmar is an essential activity for the provision of food and livelihoods to a large number of people in rural areas and contributing to economic activity for the employment. Since 1905, Myanmar has developed legislations for fishery management and the fishing industry of the country. However, in the 1980s, the introduction of trawling method in coastal waters caused the considerable conflict between traditional fishermen and trawlers. This led to the amending of the fisheries law to provide a more comprehensive legal framework to manage fisheries in national waters. In recent years, FAO has been noting a continuous and impressive increase of the capture and aquaculture production officially reported by Myanmar. Marine catches reported in 2013 increased 5.5 times more than those in 1996 and inland water catch statistics have been growing at a pace of 15.5% per year since 1999. In addition, species breakdown of capture fishery statistics is very poor, with marine catches reported only by 3 highly aggregated specie items and no breakdown at all for inland water catches. Knowledge of the status and trends of capture fisheries, including socio-economic aspects, is a key to develop a policy and for better decision-making and responsible fisheries management. It is necessary at the national level for the maintenance of the food security and for describing social and economic benefits of fisheries. Those data is also essential for assessing the validity of fisheries policy and for tracking the performance of fisheries management. Considering an increase in the number of countries taking up a scheme of decentralized management of fisheries, more accurate and updating information should reach to the community level and result in a better-informed public that supports efforts to manage fisheries and aquatic resources in a responsible manner..."