"The Myanmar National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) Report is prepared in the framework of the LCDF funded project ” Preparation of National Adaptation Programmes of Action ” implemented by United Nations Environment Programe (UNEP) and Executed by the Department of Meteorology and Hydrology, Ministry of Transport of Union of the Republic of Myanmar...Myanmar‟s climate is changing and climate variability already affects communities and socioeconomic sectors in the country. Some climate change impacts are already observable and there is broad scientific consensus that further change will occur. Even with significant global climate mitigation (activities and technologies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions), economic sectors, local communities and natural ecosystems in Myanmar will be strongly affected by climate change as a result of the emissions already in the atmosphere. Adaptation is therefore necessary for reducing Myanmar‟s vulnerability to climate variability and change. National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) serve as simplified, rapid and direct channels for Least Developed Countries to identify and communicate priority activities to address their urgent and immediate adaptation needs. NAPAs emerged from the multilateral discussions on adaptation measures within the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)1,2 . Myanmar‟s NAPA therefore specifies 32 priority activities (referred to as Priority Adaptation Projects) for effective climate change adaptation for eight main sectors/themes (i.e. four Project Options per sector/theme), namely: i) Agriculture; ii) Early Warning Systems; iii) Forest; iv) Public Health; v) Water Resources; vi) Coastal Zone; vii) Energy, and Industry; and viii) Biodiversity(Table 1). The Myanmar NAPA preparation process followed the guidelines outlined by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Least Developed Countries (LDC) Expert Group3,4 . Seven main steps were followed: i) establishment of NAPA Project Management and multidisciplinary teams (April 2011); ii) synthesis of available information (May ? July 2011); iii) stakeholder and public consultation to establish Myanmar‟s adaptation needs and potential adaptation projects/options (July ? September 2011); iv) sectoral working group meetings to identify and draft a list of Adaptation Project Options (October ? November 2011); v) sectoral working group meetings for screening, ranking and prioritising identified Adaptation Project Options (October ? November 2011 and March-April 2012). This entailed using a Multi-criteria analyses (a series of 15 criteria developed by the LDC Expert Group) to rank and prioritise Adaptation Project Options for implementation. Resulting scores for each Adaptation Project Option were used to determine the 32 Priority Adaptation Projects; vi) public Review Process of NAPA draft (February to April 2012); and vii) development of the NAPA project profiles using focus group discussions and meetings with working group members as well as other key stakeholders (March - April 2012)..."