"Over the last four years, WWF-Myanmar and its partners have been working together to better understand the biodiversity and ecological processes of the Dawna Tenasserim landscape. To date, WWF has worked with the Karen Forest Department (under Karen National Union - KNU) to carry out camera trap surveys of the area. WWF has also worked with Columbia University in the United States to understand past climate trends as well as future climate projections that could impact the landscape. Furthermore, WWF collaborated with the Natural Capital Project to map ecosystem services and how changes in land use will impact on the provisioning of these services 4 as well as with the Smithsonian Institution, Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), and Flora and Fauna International (FFI) to summarize results of biodiversity surveys and communicate the biodiversity richness of this landscape. Finally, WWF worked with the University of Hong Kong to identify ideas and technical solutions for how infrastructure can be developed more sustainably in this particular landscape. Now, more than ever, we are equipped with not only the information about the area’s biodiversity value but also the threats posed to people and nature by built infrastructure, such as the Dawei-Htee Khee road. This report is the fourth in a series of reports (see below) that have been published between 2015- 2018. The first report published in 2015, highlighted the need to consider information about ecosystem services, land use change, and wildlife in the planning of the road and the broader land use planning of the area (A Better road to Dawei— Protecting wildlife, sustaining nature, benefiting people). A design manual, published in 2016 as the second report, showcased design options for accommodating wildlife crossings and bio-engineering techniques for slope stabilization as well as alignment options to minimize deforestation and maximize social and environmental benefits (Design manual—Building a more sustainable road to Dawei). Based on a request from the road developer in 2016 regarding the identification of wildlife movement patterns in the landscape, WWF worked with conservation organizations active in the area and regional mammal experts to identify critical crossing areas for mammals based on modelling (Wildlife crossing—Locating species’ movement corridors in Tanintharyi, published in 2016) 5 . This fourth report specifically brings together several years of work that has looked in depth at what is at stake in this important ecological corridor system—a system that keeps key forested areas in Thailand and Myanmar connected and which the Dawei-Htee Khee road cuts across. This report outlines the history of the road and the newly approved 2018 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of the Dawei-Htee Khee two lane road project 6 . It furthermore highlights the current and projected impacts from deforestation within specific areas in the landscape that are deemed important habitat for many wildlife species. Moreover, this report presents case studies from other countries where successful land use planning and mitigation measures occurred in and around similar landscapes where road construction has taken place. Finally, by drawing on these examples and the evidence collected in the Dawna Tenasserim landscape, this report provides a set of recommendations for key stakeholders listing how they can implement better land use planning within this important landscape to avoid further destruction and deterioration of these “wild highways”. It should be noted that while there are many social and environmental issues associated with the Dawei-Htee Khee road project, this report only focuses on forest and wildlife related issues and the broader fragmentation impacts this road will have on the landscape. WWF recognizes that many social issues related to the road construction, including poor consultations, inadequate or lack of compensation, road safety issues and loss of livelihoods are yet to be resolved and should be further studied and addressed. That is, however, beyond the scope of this technical report assessing impacts on forest and wildlife from the Dawei-Htee Khee road..."