"Our intent in preparing this study was not to repeat what a number of agriculture sector reports have already covered. We wanted instead to create a unique, foundational body of knowledge around smallholder paddy farming practices across the major ricegrowing regions of Myanmar. The agricultural sector is immensely complex, so we decided to focus on the place where the majority of smallholders make their primary income. Paddy and rice is, arguably, Myanmar’s most important economic sector from an equitable growth perspective and is expected to go through a dramatic transition over the next decade. A smooth transition requires a deep understanding of the issues. We hope this report will support those looking for opportunities to enhance the incomes and well-being of smallholder farmers in Myanmar.\"