Introduction: "Myanmar is located between the east Himalayan syntaxis and the Andaman Sea to the south, washed by the Bay of Bengal on the on west, Myanmar links Alpine-­Himalayan rogenic belt to the west with its extension in the rest of Southeast Asia. Myanmar lies in the Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Bangladesh and Thailand. Myanmar is the biggest country in the mainland Southeast Asia. It has a total area of 678,500 sq. km. Of this, land covers 657,740 sq. km, and water covers 20,760 sq. km. The total length of national boundary is 5,876 km, bordering with five neighboring countries: Bangladesh at 193 km; China at 2,185 km; India at 1,463 km; Lao PDR at 235 km and Thailand with a shared boundary of 1,800 km. There is also 1,930km of coastline. Eocene age primates found in the Pondaung Formation are represented by Pondaungia cotteri Pilgrim, 1927, Amphipithecus mogcmngensis Colbert, 1937, Bahinia pondaungensis Jaeger et al., 1999, and Myanmarpithecus ytmhensis Takai et al., 2001. Homo erectus had lived in Myanmar 750,000 years ago, and the Homo sapiens about 11,000 BCE, in a Stone Age culture called the Anyathian named after the sites found in the Dry Zone of Central Myanmar. The Padah-­lin caves located in Ywa-­ngan Township, Southern Shan State uncovered more than 1,600 stone artifacts of the Neolithic Age which are dated between 11,000 to 6,000 BCE and also found wall paintings. The Bronze Age evidences which dated 1500 BCE were found in Nyaunggan, Budalin Township. The Iron Age arrived around 500 BCE when iron-­working settlements emerged in a lying to the south of present day Mandalay and near Bagan. The Pyu people, the earliest inhabitants of Myanmar moved into the upper Ayeyarwady valley from present day Yunnan, China around 200 BCE. The Pyu were followed by the Mon, the Ra khine and the Bamar in the first millennium CE.".....Paper delivered at the International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies: Burma/Myanmar in Transition: Connectivity, Changes and Challenges: University Academic Service Centre (UNISERV), Chiang Mai University, Thailand, 24-­26 July 2015.