Summary: "Summarizes the objectives, implementation, and results of the highly successful Joint WHO/UNICEF Nutrition Support Programme (JNSP) in Myanmar (previously known as Burma). Initiated in 1983, JNSP aims to reduce infant and young child mortality, to improve child growth, and to reduce malnutrition in mothers. To date, the Programme has been implemented in 17 countries with widely varying results. The Myanmar project was distinguished from other JNSP projects because of its focus on the entire population, rather than on model districts or provinces, and its concentration on activities administered almost exclusively through the Ministry of Health. The Myanmar project was further characterized by a situation analysis, conducted prior to the start of the project, which yielded detailed and precise recommendations on how to improve nutrition. A description of the objectives and operation of the programme shows how the situation analysis allowed selection of a few activities for careful implementation and monitoring. The report also explains how a deliberate focus on education, coupled with nutrition monitoring, made it possible to do a few things very well at as low a cost as possible. Other distinctive features include operation through the existing infrastructure for primary health care services and avoidance of providing food supplements. A section devoted to the results of the project documents a decrease of under-three-year-old mortality, faster growth, a decline in protein-energy malnutrition, and improvements in young child feeding practices and health seeking behaviour of mothers. The report concludes that, despite poverty and a deteriorating economic situation, improvements in child health and nutrition can be achieved in a large population, over a short period of time, and at low per capita cost. A final section discusses the project in relation to the theory and practice of nutrition policies and programmes conducted in other countries. The Myanmar project was judged to be sustainable and suitable for replication, at low cost, in all countries that implement primary health care"