Description:
"In 2011, Burma, also known as
Myanmar, produced a variety
of mineral commodities, including cement, coal, copper, lead,
natural gas, petroleum, petroleum products, precious and
semiprecious stones, tin, tungsten, and zinc. On
March 24, a
6.8-magnitude earthquake struck the eastern part of the country
just north of Tachileik town in Shan State close to the border
with Laos and Thailand. Production of such commodities as
brine salt and some semiprecious stones dipped during the period
following the earthquake, but the mineral industry in general was
not affected, and mineral production overall increased for the year
(table 1; CNN.com, 2011; Huffington Post, 2011).
Bangladesh, Burma, and India were involved in maritime
boundary disputes concerning their respective sovereignty
in the Bay of Bengal. For many years, these countries had
attempted to negotiate and delimit their claims in the disputed
area. In December 2009, Bangladesh and Burma accepted
the jurisdiction of the International Tribunal for the Law of
the Sea (ITLOS) for the settlement of the dispute concerning
their maritime boundary delimitation.
at the time, although
accepting ITLOS jurisdiction, the countries had not agreed on
a bilateral solution regarding the delimitation principle to be
used, and negotiations continued between the countries. ITLOS
is an independent judicial body established by the
United
Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) that has
jurisdiction to arbitrate disputes arising out of the interpretation
and application of the Law of the Sea.
UNCLOS establishes a
legal framework to regulate ocean space and its resources and
uses. In meetings held in January 2010, Bangladesh and Burma
agreed to delimit the area by combining the equidistance and
equity demarcation principles. In October, Burma and India
reached an informal understanding to cooperate with each other
on the settlement of their maritime dispute with Bangladesh
(Durham
University, 2010; International Tribunal for the Law of
the Sea, 2010; Priyo.com, 2010).
In September 2011, representatives from Bangladesh and
Burma met with the ITLOS in Germany for a final round of
pleadings regarding the delimitation of the maritime boundary
between the two countries. ITLOS determined that a final
judgment would be delivered by
March 14, 2012. Burma?s
border-dispute points with neighboring Bangladesh meet at
Rakhine State (Xinhuanet.com, 2011b).
although Bangladesh and Burma?s maritime border dispute
had gone on for several years, bilateral trade between the
countries has remained at an estimated $140 million per year.
The boundary delimitation dispute affected the ability of either
country to grant exploration permits for oil and gas in the
disputed area, however (Xinhuanet.com, 2011b).
In May 2011, Italian-Thai Development Plc. (ITD), which
was a construction company based in Thailand, announced
that it had started to build a deep-sea port and industrial
estate at a cost of $10 billion. The port was to be located in a
40,000-hectare area in Dawei, Tanintharyi Division, in southern
Burma, which is located about 186 kilometers (km) west of
Thailand?s capital city of Bangkok. The industrial facilities
were to include oil and gas pipelines, railways, and roads. The
expected commissioning date of the project was not available.
In November 2010, the Government of Burma signed a 75-year
concession contract with ITD, although no further details were
available. The Governments of Burma and Thailand declared the
project to be significant for international trade, as it would serve
not only countries of Southeast
Asia, but also other countries
of the Asia and the Pacific region, as well as the countries of
Africa, Europe, and the Middle East (BBC News, 2011).
By the end of 2011, the Burmese Government announced
that it was suspending the construction of the
Myitsone Dam,
which was originally proposed to be built in Kachin State and
was to become part of a network of dams that would have
provided power to southern China. The dam had a projected
cost of $3.6 billion, which was to be covered by Chinese
investors. The suspension of the project was mainly because of
environmental concerns and pressure by the communities that
would be directly affected by the structure. China had numerous
contracts and investments already in place in Burma; however the
Government of Burma was concerned that the suspension of the
construction of the dam not affect other projects (Irrawaddy, The,
2011b; International Cement Review, 2012, p. 120)..."
Source/publisher:
US Geological Survey (USGS)
Date of Publication:
2013-07-00
Date of entry:
2014-12-21
Grouping:
- Individual Documents
Category:
Language:
English