ဖော်ပြချက်/အကြောင်းအရာ:
"Myanmar's gross domestic product (GDP) was US$67 billion in 20171 and has been growing at a high
rate of 7.2 percent in 2013-2018. The GDP growth rate is expected to be 6.2 percent in the 2018/19
fiscal year (World Bank Group 2018). Most of the contribution to GDP growth in the past five years has
stemmed from industry (1.9 percentage points from manufacturing and 0.7 percentage points from
other industries) and services (3.9 percentage points).
Myanmar has relied heavily on natural resource exploitation to sustain economic growth, and
serious environmental issues are emerging, underlining the importance of transparent and robust
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) system. There are growing concerns around the impacts
of the large-scale development, including deforestation, depletion of inland and coastal fisheries,
land degradation, flooding and landslides, biodiversity loss, and the deterioration of water and air
quality (IFC 2017; Rai6er, Samson, and Nam 2015). A functioning EIA system is critical in identifying
and managing the potential impacts of large-scale development and striking the balance between
economic development, environmental conservation, and social inclusion.
Balancing economic growth and environmental protection remains a critical policy challenge.
Myanmar was ranked 171st in the World Bank Group Doing Business 2019 report; in terms of
environmental governance, Myanmar scored 138th out of 180 countries on the Yale Environmental
Performance Index in 2018. There is a need to improve business regulations while increasing efficiency
and effectiveness of EIA, monitoring, and compliance systems that support environmental and social
(E&S) sustainability. This also underlines the need for effective public participation in environment
and natural resources (ENR) management, which an effective EIA process can facilitate.
At the policy level, the Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan (MSDP) (2018-2030) and National
Environment Policy (2019) provide the foundation for mainstreaming ENR into development
planning. The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC) and its
Environmental Conservation Department (ECD) have also set ambitious targets to recruit more than
19,000 staff by 2025 and establish 73 offices at the district level and 365 offices at the township
level. Internally, they have also recogni6ed the urgent need to strengthen EIA systems.
Significant progress has been achieved in recent years by the Government of Myanmar (GoM)
in establishing the legal and regulatory framework for environmental management. The GoM
has introduced the Environmental Conservation Law (ECL) (2012), supported by the Environment
Conservation Rules (ECR) (2014) and EIA Procedure (2015). The government has also set up an EIA
Division to oversee the review and approval of EIAs, Initial Environmental Examinations (IEEs), and
Environmental Management Plans (EMPs). Over the last three years, the World Bank, International
Finance Corporation (IFC), Asian Development Bank (ADB), United Nations Development Programme
(UNDP), Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Myanmar Center for Responsible Business
(MCRB) and other development partners have invested in building the capacity of ECD through support
to training and development of sector-specific guidelines..."
ရင်းမြစ်:
World Bank
Date of Publication:
2019-06-01
Date of entry:
2019-07-10
Grouping:
- Individual Documents
အကြောင်းအရာ/အမျိုးအစား:
Countries:
Myanmar
Language:
English
မှတ်တမ်း:
ပုံစံ:
pdf
အရွယ်အစား:
2.45 MB
Resource Type:
text
Text quality:
- Good